Yini UJesu Ayifundisa Ngesihogo?
UJesu wathi: “Uma iso lakho likwenza wone, lilahle. Kuyoba ngcono kuwe ukungena embusweni kaNkulunkulu uyindlobho kunokuba namehlo amabili futhi uphonswe esihogweni. Izibungu azifi lapho, futhi umlilo awucimi.”—MARKU 9:47, 48, Contemporary English Version.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uJesu wakhuluma ngenkathi yokwahlulela lapho ayeyothi khona kwababi: “Sukani kimi, nina eniqalekisiwe, niye emlilweni waphakade olungiselelwe udeveli nezingelosi zakhe.” Wabuye wathi laba “bayokuya ekujezisweni kwaphakade.”—MATHEWU 25:41, 46, The New American Bible.
UMA uwakha phezulu la mazwi kaJesu angenhla, angase abonakale esekela imfundiso yesihogo somlilo. Ngokusobala, uJesu wayengahlosile ukuphikisa iZwi likaNkulunkulu, elisho ngokucacile ukuthi: “Abafileyo abasazi lutho.”—UmShumayeli 9:5, NAB.
Pho, uJesu wayekhuluma ngani lapho ekhuluma ngokuphonswa komuntu “esihogweni”? Ingabe “umlilo waphakade” uJesu axwayisa ngawo ungokoqobo noma ungokomfanekiso? Ababi “bayokuya ekujezisweni kwaphakade” ngamuphi umqondo? Ake sihlole ngamunye wale mibuzo.
UJesu wayekhuluma ngani lapho ekhuluma ngokuphonswa komuntu “esihogweni”? Igama lokuqala lesiGreki elihunyushwe ngokuthi “isihogo” kuMarku 9:47 lithi Geʹen·na. Leli gama livela kwelesiHebheru elithi Geh Hin·nomʹ, elisho ukuthi “iSigodi sikaHinomu.” ISigodi sikaHinomu sasingaphandle kweJerusalema lasendulo. Ezinsukwini zamakhosi akwa-Israyeli, kwakwenziwa kuso imihlatshelo ngezingane—umkhuba onyanyekayo uNkulunkulu awulahla. UNkulunkulu wathi wayezobajezisa labo abenza lesi senzo sokukhulekela kwamanga. ISigodi sikaHinomu sasiyobe sesibizwa ngokuthi “isigodi sokubulala,” lapho “izidumbu zalaba bantu” zaziyodindiliza khona zingangcwatshwa. (Jeremiya 7:30-34, King James Version) Kanjalo, uJehova wabikezela ukuthi iSigodi sikaHinomu sasiyoba indawo yokungcwaba inqwaba yezidumbu, hhayi yokuhlupha izisulu eziphilayo.
Ngosuku lukaJesu, izakhamuzi zaseJerusalema zazisebenzisa iSigodi sikaHinomu njengendawo yokulahla udoti. Zazilahla izidumbu zezelelesi ezimbi kule ndawo futhi ziyigcine ivutha ukuze kushe udoti kuhlanganise nalezi zidumbu.
Lapho uJesu ekhuluma ngezibungu ezingafi nomlilo ongacimi, ngokusobala wayebhekisela ku-Isaya 66:24. Ngokuphathelene “nezidumbu zabantu abona [kuNkulunkulu],” u-Isaya uthi “izibungu zabo ngeke zife, nomlilo wabo ngeke ucime.” (KJ) UJesu nezilaleli zakhe babazi ukuthi la mazwi aku-Isaya ayebhekisele endleleni eziphathwa ngayo izidumbu zalabo abangakufanelekele ukungcwatshwa.
Ngakho-ke, uJesu wasebenzisa iSigodi sikaHinomu, noma iGehena, njengomfuziselo ofanelekayo wokufa ngaphandle kwethemba lovuko. Wacacisa leli phuzu lapho exwayisa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu “angabhubhisa kokubili umphefumulo nomzimba eGehena.” (Mathewu 10:28, NAB) IGehena liwumfuziselo wokufa kwaphakade, hhayi ukuhlushwa phakade.
Ingabe “umlilo waphakade” uJesu axwayisa ngawo ungokoqobo noma ungokomfanekiso? Phawula ukuthi “umlilo waphakade” uJesu akhuluma ngawo futhi okwalotshwa ngawo kuMathewu 25:41 walungiselelwa “udeveli nezingelosi zakhe.” Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi umlilo ongokoqobo ungazishisa izidalwa zomoya? Noma ingabe uJesu wayesebenzisa igama elithi “umlilo” ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso? Ngokuqinisekile “izimvu” kanye “nezimbuzi” okukhulunywa ngazo endabeni efanayo akuzona ezingokoqobo; ziwumfanekiso omelela izinhlobo ezimbili zabantu. (Mathewu 25:32, 33) Umlilo waphakade uJesu akhuluma ngawo ubashisa ngokuphelele ababi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso.
Ababi “bayokuya ekujezisweni kwaphakade” ngamuphi umqondo? Nakuba izinguqulo eziningi zisebenzisa igama elithi “ukujeziswa” kuMathewu 25:46, incazelo eyisisekelo yegama lesiGreki elithi koʹla·sin isho “ukuncwela izihlahla,” noma ukunquma amagatsha angadingekile. Ngakho nakuba abanjengezimvu bethola ukuphila okuphakade, abanjengezimbuzi abangaphenduki bathola “isijeziso saphakade,” banqunywe ngokuphelele.
Ucabangani?
UJesu akazange afundise ukuthi abantu banomphefumulo ongafi. Kodwa wayevame ukufundisa ngokuvuswa kwabafileyo. (Luka 14:13, 14; Johane 5:25-29; 11:25) Kungani uJesu ayengathi abafileyo bayovuswa uma ayekholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabo yayingafile?
UJesu akazange afundise ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyohlupha ababi phakade ngonya. Kunalokho, wathi: “UNkulunkulu walithanda izwe kangangokuba wanikela ngeNdodana yakhe ewukuphela kwayo, ukuze bonke abakholwa yiyo bangabhubhi kodwa babe nokuphila okuphakade.” (Johane 3:16, NAB) Kungani uJesu ayengaveza ukuthi labo abangakholelwa kuye babeyokufa? Uma ayeqonde ukuthi babeyophila phakade ngempela, bahlushwe esihogweni somlilo, wayengeke yini akusho lokho?
Imfundiso yokuthi isihogo siyindawo yokuhlushwa ayisekelwe eBhayibhelini. Kunalokho, iyinkolelo yobuqaba ezishaya imfundiso yobuKristu. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Umlando Omfushane Wesihogo,” ekhasini 6.) Cha, uNkulunkulu akabahluphi phakade abantu esihogweni. Ukwazi iqiniso ngesihogo kungayithinta kanjani indlela ombheka ngayo uNkulunkulu?
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 6]
UMLANDO OMFUSHANE WESIHOGO
UMSUKA WASO USEZINKOLELWENI ZOBUQABA: AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babekholelwa esihogweni somlilo. Incwadi ethi Ȧm-Ṭuat, eyabhalwa ngo-1375 B.C.E., ikhuluma ngalabo “abayophonswa ngekhanda emgodini ovuthayo; nalapho . . . bengeke baphunyule khona, futhi . . . bengeke bakwazi ukuwabalekela amalangabi.” Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uPlutarch (esaphila cishe ngo-46-120 C.E.) sabhala ngalabo abaphila ezweni labangasekho: “Badazuluka njengoba behlushwa ngendlela esabekayo futhi bejeziswa ngesihluku nangonya.”
AMAHLELO OBUJUDA ONAKALISIWE: Isazi-mlando uJosephus (esaphila cishe ngo-37-100 C.E.) sabika ukuthi ama-Essene, ihlelo lamaJuda, ayekholelwa ukuthi “imiphefumulo ayifi, futhi iphila phakade.” Siyanezela: “Lokhu kunjengombono wamaGreki . . . Bathumela imiphefumulo emibi endaweni emnyama futhi eyesabekayo, enezijeziso ezingapheli.”
UKUNGENISWA KWAYO “EBUKRISTWINI”: Ekhulwini lesibili C.E., incwadi engatshazwayo ethi Apocalypse of Peter yasho lokhu ngababi: “Bagcinelwe umlilo ongacimi.” Ithi futhi: “U-Ezrael, ingelosi yolaka, iletha abesilisa nabesifazane izingxenye zemizimba yabo zivutha ibaphonse endaweni yobumnyama, isihogo sabantu; lapho bajeziswa umoya wolaka.” Phakathi nenkathi efanayo, umlobi uTheophilus wase-Antiyokiya wacaphuna umprofethikazi ongumGreki uSibyl ebikezela isijeziso sababi: “Umlilo ovuthayo uyokwehlela phezu kwakho, futhi uyoshiswa amalangabi usuku nosuku.” La mazwi aphakathi kwenkulumo uTheophilus athi “iyiqiniso, iwusizo, inobulungisa futhi izuzisa bonke abantu.”
ISIHOGO SOMLILO SISETSHENZISELWA UKUTHETHELELA UBUDLOVA BANGENKATHI EPHAKATHI: UMary I, indlovukazi yaseNgilandi (1553-1558), owayaziwa ngokuthi “uMary Othanda Ukuchitha Igazi” ngenxa yokushisa amaProthestani angaba ngu-300 esigxotsheni, kubikwa ukuthi wathi: “Njengoba imiphefumulo yezihlubuki izoshiswa esihogweni phakade ngemva kwalokhu, akukho okufaneleka kangcono ukuba ngikwenze kunokulingisa impindiselo yaPhezulu ngokuyishisa lapha emhlabeni.”
INCAZELO YAMUVA NJE: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkolo ezithile ziye zahlaziya imfundiso yazo ngesihogo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1995 iKhomishane Yezimfundiso ZeSonto LaseSheshi yathi: “Isihogo asikhona ukuhlushwa phakade, kodwa siwukukhetha okuwujuqu nokungenakuguqulwa kwalokho okungqubuzana noNkulunkulu ngokuphelele kangangokuba isiphelo siwukungabi khona phakade.”
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 7]
LIYINI “ICHIBI LOMLILO”?
IsAmbulo 20:10 sithi uDeveli uyophonswa “echibini lomlilo” futhi “uyohlushwa imini nobusuku kuze kube phakade naphakade.” (King James Version) Ukube uDeveli ubeyohlushwa phakade, bekuyodingeka ukuba uNkulunkulu amgcine ephila, kodwa iBhayibheli lithi uJesu ‘uyombhubhisa.’ (Hebheru 2:14, KJ) Ichibi lomlilo elingokomfanekiso limelela “ukufa kwesibili.” (IsAmbulo 21:8) Lokhu akukhona ukufa okukhulunywa ngakho kuqala eBhayibhelini—okwalethwa isono sika-Adamu—ukufa umuntu angakhululwa kukho ngovuko. (1 Korinte 15:21, 22) Ngenxa yokuthi iBhayibheli alisho ukuthi “ichibi lomlilo” liyobadedela abakulo, “ukufa kwesibili” kumelwe ukuba kusho olunye uhlobo lokufa, okungenakuhlehliswa.
Labo ‘abasechibini lomlilo’ bahlushwa kanjani phakade? Ngezinye izikhathi, “ukuhlupha” kungase kusho “ukubamba” othile. Ngesinye isikhathi lapho uJesu ebhekene namademoni, amemeza: “Ingabe uze lapha uzosihlupha [uzosibamba kwalasha] ngaphambi kwesikhathi?” (Mathewu 8:29; Luka 8:30, 31; KJ) Ngakho bonke ‘abasechibini lomlilo’ bayobhekana “nokuhlushwa” ngokubanjwa phakade, noma “ukufa kwesibili.”