Ingabe Bewazi?
Yimaphi amacala enziwa uBharaba?
▪ Womane amaVangeli akhuluma ngoBharaba, indoda eyakhululwa umbusi wamaRoma uPontiyu Pilatu esikhundleni sikaJesu. UBharaba ubizwa ngokuthi “isiboshwa esasinedumela elibi,” nangokuthi ‘umphangi.’ (Mathewu 27:16; Johane 18:40) Wayeboshwe amaRoma eJerusalema “kanye namavukela-mbuso, okwakuthe ekuvukeleni kwawo umbuso abulala.”—Marku 15:7.
Nakuba zingekho izincwadi ezifakazela ubugebengu obenziwa uBharaba, ukubalwa kwakhe namavukela-mbuso kwenza ukuba ezinye izazi zimbandakanye namaqembu ayephikisana nombuso kwa-Israyeli ngekhulu lokuqala. Isazi-mlando uFlavius Josephus sathi amaqembu ezephula-mthetho ayengobhongoza ezimpini zomphakathi zangaleso sikhathi; lezi zigebengu zazithi zifunela amaJuda acindezelwe ubulungisa. AmaJuda avukela kakhulu maphakathi nekhulu lokuqala C.E. ngenxa yalokho ayekubheka njengokungabi nabulungisa kwamaRoma nezicukuthwane zamaJuda. Kamuva izephula-mthetho zakha ingxenye enkulu yebutho lamaJuda elaxosha amaRoma eJudiya ngo-66 C.E.
I-Anchor Bible Dictionary ithi: “Kungenzeka ukuthi uBharaba wayeyilungu labaphangi basemaphandleni. Laba baphangi babethandwa abantu abavamile ngoba babeqola umphakathi wezimpunyela zakwa-Israyeli futhi behlupha iziphathimandla zamaRoma.”
Ngesikhathi samaRoma, yimaphi amacala ayengase asho ukubulawa njengoJesu?
▪ Ukuze ajezise amavukela-mbuso nezaphula-mthetho, amaRoma ayebophela laba bantu esigxotsheni sokuhlushwa bese ebashiya lapho ukuze bafe. Lolu hlobo lokujezisa lwalubhekwa njengendlela ebuhlungu kunazo zonke yokufa.
Incwadi ethi Palestine in the Time of Jesus ithi: “Lokhu kwakwenziwa phambi kwabantu, kwehlisa isithunzi futhi kubuhlungu. Injongo yakho yayiwukwenza abantu besabe ukwephula imithetho esebenza ngaleso sikhathi.” Omunye umbhali wasendulo washo lokhu mayelana nokubulawa kwezaphula-mthetho: “Kukhethwa imigwaqo ephithizelayo lapho iningi labantu lingabona khona futhi lesabe.”
UJosephus uthi esinye isiboshwa sempi esasithunjwe amasosha kaTitus ngesikhathi evimbezela iJerusalema ngo-70 C.E., sabulawa ngale ndlela phambi kwezindonga zomuzi ngenhloso yokwenza abantu bomuzi besabe bese becela umaluju. Ekugcineni, lapho umuzi unqotshwa, abaningi babulawa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngale ndlela okugcinwe emlandweni yilokho okwenzeka ngasekupheleni kokuvukela okwakuholwa uSpartacus (ngo-73 kuya ku-71 B.C.E.), lapho kwabulawa khona izigqila nezilwi ezingu-6 000 emgwaqweni osuka eCapua uye eRoma.
[Isithombe ekhasini 10]
Isithombe sikaCharles Muller sango-1878 esibhalwe ukuthi “sikhululele uBharaba”