“Sizodlani?”
PHAKATHI nenkonzo kaJesu ukudla neziphuzo kwakuyizinto okuxoxwa ngazo njalo. Lapho enza isimangaliso sakhe sokuqala waphendula amanzi aba yiwayini futhi izikhathi ezimbili wasuthisa izinkulungwane zabantu ngezinkwa nezinhlanzi ezimbalwa. (Mathewu 16:7-10; Johane 2:3-11) UJesu wayengaziwa nje kuphela ngokudla nabampofu kodwa wayephinde adle nezicebi. Eqinisweni, izitha zakhe zathi uyisiminzi futhi uyisidakwa. (Mathewu 11:18, 19) Yiqiniso, uJesu wayengekhona nokukodwa kulokhu. Nokho, wayazi ukuthi ukudla neziphuzo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubantu, futhi wenza imifanekiso ekhuluma ngokudla ukuze afundise izifundo ezibalulekile eziphathelene noNkulunkulu.—Luka 22:14-20; Johane 6:35-40.
Hlobo luni lokudla neziphuzo okwakuvamile osukwini lukaJesu? Kwakuphekwa kanjani? Wawungakanani umsebenzi owawuhilelekile ekukuphekeni? Ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuzokusiza ukuba uziqonde kangcono ezinye zezenzakalo nezinkulumo ezisemaVangelini.
Siphe “Isinkwa Sethu Salolu Suku”
Lapho uJesu efundisa abafundi bakhe ukuthandaza, wembula ukuthi kwakufaneleka ukucela uNkulunkulu ukuba anakekele izidingo zokuphila—“isinkwa sethu salolu suku.” (Mathewu 6:11) Isinkwa sasiyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kangangokuthi olimini lwesiHebheru nolwesiGreki igama elithi “ukudla,” ngomqondo ongokoqobo lisho “ukudla isinkwa.” Lapho kwenziwa isinkwa kwakusetshenziswa okusanhlamvu okunjengokolo, ibhali kanye nokunye okunjenge-oats, isipelite nonyaluthi futhi konke lokhu kwakubalulekile ekudleni kwamaJuda angekhulu lokuqala. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi umuntu wayedla amakhilogremu angaba ngu-200 okusanhlamvu ngonyaka, ngaleyo ndlela athole ingxenye yama-kilojoule adingwa umzimba.
Isinkwa sasitholakala ezimakethe, kodwa imizi eminingi yayizibhakela—okwakuhilela ukusebenza kanzima. Incwadi ethi Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls iyachaza: “Ngenxa yokuthi ufulawa wawonakala uma uhlala isikhathi eside, umama wekhaya kwakufanele agaye nsuku zonke.” Kwakuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokho? Umlobi wale ncwadi uthi, umama “wayesebenza kanzima ihora lonke egaya ngesandla futhi ikhilogremu elilodwa likakolo lalingakhipha ufulawa ongaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-0,8. Njengoba isilinganiso sikakolo owawusetshenziswa ngosuku sasingaba yingxenye yekhilogremu, umama wekhaya kwakudingeka agaye amahora amathathu ukuze kudle umkhaya onamalungu amahlanu noma ayisithupha.”
Manje cabanga ngonina kaJesu, uMariya. Naphezu kweminye imisebenzi yakhe yasekhaya, kwakufanele abhake izinkwa ezanele ezazizodliwa umyeni wakhe, amadodana akhe amahlanu mhlawumbe namadodakazi amabili. (Mathewu 13:55, 56) Akungabazeki ukuthi njengabo bonke abesifazane abangamaJuda, noMariya wayesebenza kanzima ukuze alungiselele “isinkwa salolu suku.”
“Wozani, Yidlani Ukudla Kwenu Kwasekuseni”
Ngemva kokuvuswa kwakhe, uJesu wabonakala kwabanye babafundi bakhe ekuseni kakhulu. Labo bafundi babedobe ubusuku bonke kodwa bengabambanga lutho. UJesu wathi kulabo bangane bakhe ababekhathele, “Wozani, yidlani ukudla kwenu kwasekuseni.” Wabe esebanika izinhlanzi ezazisanda kubanjwa nezinkwa ezazisanda kubhakwa. (Johane 21:9-13) Nakuba kulapha kuphela lapho kukhulunywa khona ngokudla kwasekuseni emaVangelini, abantu babejwayele ukuqala usuku ngokudla isinkwa, amantongomane, amagilebhisi omisiwe noma iminqumo.
Kwakudliwani emini? Sasidlani isigaba sabantu abasebenzayo? Incwadi ethi Life in Biblical Israel ithi: “Emini kwakudliwa ukudla okulula, okwakuyisinkwa, okusanhlamvu, iminqumo namakhiwane.” Kungenzeka ukuthi nabafundi bakaJesu babephethe lokho kudla ngesikhathi bebuya eSikhari bethola uJesu ekhuluma nowesifazane ongumSamariya emthonjeni. Cishe isikhathi ‘kwakuyihora lesithupha’ noma kusemini, futhi abafundi ‘babeye emzini beyothenga ukudla.’—Johane 4:5-8.
Kusihlwa imindeni yayibuthanela isidlo esikhulu sosuku. Uma ichaza lesi sidlo, incwadi ethi Poverty and Charity in Roman Palestine, First Three Centuries C.E. ithi: “Abantu abaningi babedla isinkwa noma iphalishi elenziwe ngebhali, izinhlobonhlobo zokusanhlamvu nobhontshisi, noma ngezikhathi ezithile ukolo. Ngokuvamile babedla lokhu kudla nosawoti namafutha noma iminqumo, ngezinye izikhathi banandise ngesobho elinephunga elimnandi, uju noma ngeziphuzo ezimnandi zezithelo.” Kungenzeka ukuthi babedla noshizi, ubisi, imifino nezithelo ezintsha noma ezomisiwe. Zazithi azibe ngu-30 izinhlobo zemifino ezazidliwa ngaleso sikhathi—u-anyanisi, usweli, ama-radish, izaqathe kanye nekhabishi, uma sibalwa ezimbalwa—kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezingaphezu kuka-25 ezazitshalwa endaweni, (1) njengamakhiwane, (2) izithelo zamasundu (dates) (3) namahalananda.
Ungakubona yini ngeso lengqondo okunye kwalokhu kudla kuphezu kwetafula ngesikhathi uJesu edla noLazaru nodadewabo uMarta noMariya kusihlwa? Manje hogela iphunga elimnandi elaligcwele indlu njengoba uMariya egcoba izinyawo zikaJesu ‘ngenadi loqobo’—iphunga lokudla selihlangene nelamafutha anamakha abizayo.—Johane 12:1-3.
“Lapho Wenza Idili”
Kwesinye isenzakalo, uJesu wabafundisa isifundo esibalulekile labo ababekhona ngesikhathi edla “endlini yomunye wababusi babaFarisi.” Wathi: “Lapho wenza idili, mema abampofu, abakhubazekile, izinyonga, izimpumputhe; khona-ke uyojabula, ngoba abanalutho abangakubuyisela ngalo. Ngoba uyonikwa imbuyiselo ovukweni lwabalungileyo.” (Luka 14:1-14) Uma kuwukuthi lowo mFarisi wasilalela iseluleko sikaJesu, hlobo luni lokudla okungenzeka walwenza edilini elinjalo?
Isicebi sasingase sihlinzeke izivakashi zaso ngesinkwa esikhethekile, esimi ngezindlela ezingefani sanandiswa ngewayini, uju, ubisi nezinye izinongo. Cishe lalingeke lisale ibhotela kanye noshizi. Iminqumo emisha naleyo ebilondoloziwe noma amafutha ayo yayingasala kanjani nje! Incwadi ethi Food in Antiquity, ithi: “Umuntu ngamunye wayedla amakhilogremu angu-20 amafutha omnqumo ngonyaka, amanye asetshenziswe ezintweni zokuzimonyonga nasekukhanyiseni.”
Uma lo mFarisi wayakhe eduze nolwandle, cishe yena kanye nezivakashi zakhe babeyodla izinhlanzi ezazisanda kubanjwa. Abantu ababehlala kude nolwandle babevame ukudla izinhlanzi ezazifakwa emanzini anoviniga noma anosawoti ukuze zingonakali. Umninikhaya wayengase futhi akhiphe inyama—ukudla okwakuyivelakancane esivakashini esimpofu. Ukudla okwakujwayelekile kwakungase kube uhlobo oluthile lokudla okwenziwe ngamaqanda. (Luka 11:12) Ukudla okunjalo kwakungase kuthakwe ngamakhambi kanye nezinongo ezinjeminti, idile, ikhumini kanye nesinaphi. (Mathewu 13:31; 23:23; Luka 11:42) Ngemva kokudla, izivakashi zazingase zidle ukolo owosiwe oxutshwe nama-alimondi, uju kanye nezinongo.
Cishe izimenywa zazingase ziphiwe amagilebhisi—asanda kukhiwa ezihlahleni, omisiwe noma iwayini. Kuye kwatholakala izinkulungwane zezikhamo zewayini ePalestina, ezifakazela ukuthi sasithandwa kakhulu lesi siphuzo. Kwenye indawo eGibheyoni, abavubukuli bathola amatshe ayesikwe aba izinqolobane zewayini ezingu-63 ezazingamumatha amalitha angaba ngu-100 000 ewayini.
“Ningalokothi Nikhathazeke”
Njengoba ufunda amaVangeli, phawula ukuthi uJesu ukhuluma kaningi kangakanani ngokudla nokuphuza emifanekisweni yakhe noma indlela afundisa ngayo izifundo ezibalulekile lapho edla. Ngokuqinisekile, yena nabafundi bakhe babekujabulela ukudla nokuphuza, ikakhulukazi lapho benabangane abahle, kodwa abazange bavumele lezo zinto zithathe indawo yokuqala ekuphileni kwabo.
Wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba babe nombono olinganiselayo ngokudla nokuphuza lapho ethi: “Ningalokothi nikhathazeke nithi, ‘Sizodlani?’ noma, ‘Sizophuzani?’ noma, ‘Sizogqokani?’ Ngoba konke lokhu kuyizinto izizwe eziziphishekela ngokulangazela. UYihlo wasezulwini uyazi ukuthi niyazidinga zonke lezi zinto.” (Mathewu 6:31, 32) Abafundi basilalela leso seluleko, nangempela uNkulunkulu wazinakekela izidingo zabo. (2 Korinte 9:8) Yiqiniso, ukudla okudlayo kungase kungafani nalokho okwakudliwa ekhulwini lokuqala. Kodwa ungaqiniseka ngokuthi uNkulunkulu uyokunakekela uma ubeka yena kuqala ekuphileni kwakho.—Mathewu 6:33, 34.