Isihogo—Ingabe Ukuhlushwa Kwaphakade Noma Ithuna Elivamile?

INGABE uye watshelwa ukuthi oFata bamaSonto bakuqala, izazi zenkolo zenkathi ephakathi, kanye nabasebenzela iziNguquko babethi ukuhlushwa kwasesihogweni okwaphakade? Uma kunjalo, kungase kukumangaze ukwazi ukuthi ezinye zezazi zeBhayibheli ezihlonishwayo manje seziwubekela inselele lowombono. EBrithani, omunye wazo, uJohn R. W. Stott, ubhala ukuthi “umBhalo ukhomba ekubhujisweni, nokuthi ‘ukuhlushwa kwaphakade kwezinto eziphilayo’ kuyimfundiso endala okufanele ivume igunya eliphakeme lemiBhalo.”—Essentials—A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue.

Yini eyamholela ekubeni aphethe ngokuthi ukuhlushwa kwaphakade akusekelwe eBhayibhelini?

Isifundo Solimi

Isizathu sakhe sokuqala sihilela ulimi. Uchaza ukuthi lapho iBhayibheli libhekisela esimweni sokulahlwa kokugcina (“Gehena”; bheka ibhokisi, ekhasini 8), ngokuvamile lisebenzisa igama elithi “ukubhujiswa,” “isenzo [sesiGreki esithi] apollumi (ukubhubhisa) kanye nebizo elithi apòleia (ukubhujiswa).” Ingabe lamagama abhekisela ekuhlushweni? UStott uveza ukuthi lapho isenzo senzeka manje futhi sidinga umenziwa, elithi “apollumi” lisho ukuthi “bulala.” (Mathewu 2:13; 12:14; 21:41) Ngakho, kuMathewu 10:28, lapho i-King James Version ikhuluma ngokubhubhisa kukaNkulunkulu ‘umphefumulo nomzimba esihogweni,’ umqondo obalulekile owokubhubhisa ngokufa, hhayi ngokuhlushwa kwaphakade. KuMathewu 7:13, 14, uJesu uqhathanisa ‘indlela eyingcingo eyisa ekuphileni’ ‘nendlela enkulu eyisa ekubhujisweni.’ UStott uyaphawula: “Ngakho, bekungabonakala kuyindida uma abantu okufanele babhujiswe eqinisweni bengabhujiswa.” Ngesizathu esihle ufinyelela kulesiphetho: “Uma ukubulala kuwukwephuca umzimba ukuphila, isihogo besiyobonakala siwukwephuca kokubili ukuphila okungokwenyama nokungokomoya, okusho ukuthi, ukuqothulwa kokuphila.”—Essentials, amakhasi 315-16.

Ukuchaza Izincazelo Zesihogo Somlilo

Nokho, abantu abaningi benkolo bayovumelana nomongameli weSouth Baptist Convention uMorris H. Chapman, owathi: “Ngishumayela ngesihogo esingokoqobo.” Wanezela: “IBhayibheli lisibiza ngokuthi ‘ichibi lomlilo,’ futhi angicabangi ukuthi leyoncazelo ingathuthukiswa.”

Kuyavunywa, umfanekiso womlilo osetshenziswe eBhayibhelini ungase wakhe isithombe esingokwengqondo sokuhlushwa. Nokho, incwadi ethi Essentials iyaphawula: “Akungabazeki ukuthi ezingqondweni zethu umlilo uhlanganiswa nokuhlushwa ‘kwento ephilayo’ ngenxa yokuthi sonke siye sabhekana nobuhlungu obunzima bokusha. Kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko womlilo awukhona ukuzwisa ubuhlungu, kodwa uwukubhubhisa, njengoba zonke izindawo zokushisa udoti zomhlaba zingafakaza.” (Ikhasi 316) Ukukhumbula lowomehluko ophawulekayo kuyokusiza ukuba ugweme ukuthola incazelo engekho ngempela emBhalweni. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

Ngokuphathelene nalabo abaphonswa eGehena, uJesu wathi ‘impethu yabo ayifi, nomlilo awucimi.’ (Marku 9:47, 48) Bethonywe amazwi kaJudith (“Uyakuthumela umlilo nezimpethu enyameni yabo futhi bayakukhala kuze kube phakade ngenxa yobuhlungu.”—Judith 16:17, The Jerusalem Bible) asencwadini okungabazekayo ukuba yiqiniso kwayo, abanye abakhulumeli beBhayibheli bathi amazwi kaJesu asho ukuhlushwa kwaphakade. Nokho, incwadi kaJudith okungabazekayo ukuba yiqiniso kwayo, njengoba ingaphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu, ayiyona neze indinganiso esingathola ngayo incazelo yemibhalo kaMarku. U-Isaya 66:24, umbhalo uJesu ngokusobala ayebhekisela kuwo, uthi umlilo nempethu kubhubhisa imizimba efile (“izidumbu,” kusho u-Isaya) yezitha zikaNkulunkulu. Akukho lutho olusikisela ukuhlushwa kwaphakade kwezinto eziphilayo emazwini ka-Isaya noma lawo kaJesu. Umfanekiso womlilo umelela ukubhujiswa okuphelele.

IsAmbulo 14:9-11 sikhuluma ngabanye ‘abahlushwa ngomlilo nesibabule . . . nomusi wokuhlushwa kwabo owenyuka kuze kube phakade naphakade.’a Ingabe lokhu kufakazela ukuhlushwa kwaphakade kwezinto eziphilayo esihogweni somlilo? Eqinisweni, lendaba imane isho ukuthi ababi bayahlushwa, hhayi ukuthi bahlushwa phakade. Umbhalo uthi umusi—ubufakazi bokuthi umlilo usuwenzile umsebenzi wawo wokubhubhisa—oqhubeka kuze kube phakade, hhayi ukuhlushwa ngomlilo.

IsAmbulo 20:10-15 sithi “echibini lomlilo nesibabule, . . . ziyakuhlushwa imini nobusuku kuze kube-phakade naphakade.” Lapho ufunda okokuqala, lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengobufakazi bokuhlushwa phakade ngomlilo kwezinto eziphilayo, kodwa akunjalo neze. Ngani? Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, “isilo nomprofethi wamanga” kanye “nokufa neHayidese” kuyophelela kulokho lapha okubizwa ngokuthi “ichibi lomlilo.” Njengoba ungase uphethe kalula, isilo, umprofethi wamanga, ukufa, kanye neHayidese akubona abantu abangokoqobo; ngakho, akunakubhekana nokuhlushwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kunalokho, kubhala uG. B. Caird encwadini ethi A Commentary on the Revelation of St. John the Divine, “ichibi lomlilo” lisho “ukuqothulwa kanye nokulitshalwa okuphelele.” Lomqondo kufanele kufinyelelwe kuwo ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi iBhayibheli ngokwalo lithi ngalelichibi lomlilo: “Lokhu kungukufa kwesibili, ichibi lomlilo.”—IsAmbulo 20:14.

Ukwehlukanisa Amawele Angokwenkolo

Naphezu kwalezizathu, amakholwa amaningi aphikelela ngokuthi “ukubhujiswa” akusho lokho igama elikushoyo kodwa kusho ukuhlushwa kwaphakade. Ngani? Ukucabanga kwabo kuthonywe yiwele elingokwenkolo lesihogo somlilo—imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo womuntu. Futhi njengoba isonto labo kungenzeka belingumama walezimfundiso amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi amavesi akhuluma ngokubhujiswa eqinisweni asho ukuhlushwa kwaphakade. Ingani umphefumulo womuntu ongafi awunakuba ongekho—abaningi bacabanga ngaleyondlela.

Kodwa phawula iphuzu elashiwo umfundisi waseSheshi uPhilip E. Hughes: “Ukuphikisa ngokuthi ngokwemvelo umphefumulo womuntu kuphela ongafi kuwukubambelela esimweni esingavunyelwe ndawo emfundisweni yomBhalo, ngoba encazelweni engokombhalo ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo somuntu sibonakala sakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo ingxenye engokomoya nengokwenyama. . . . Isixwayiso sikaNkulunkulu ekuqaleni, ngokuphathelene nesihlahla esinqatshelwe, ‘Mhla udla kuwo uyakufa nokufa,’ sasibhekiswe kumuntu njengesidalwa esingokwenyama nesingokomoya—uma esidla, wayeyokufa. Akukho lutho olusikisela ukuthi ingxenye yakhe ethile yayingafi futhi ngalokho ukufa kwakhe kube ngokwengxenye kuphela.”—The True Image—The Origin and Destiny of Man in Christ.

Ngokufanayo, isazi senkolo uClark Pinnock uyaphawula: “Lomqondo [wokuthi umphefumulo womuntu awufi] uye wathonya inkolo isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa awukho ngokombhalo. IBhayibheli alikufundisi ukungafi komphefumulo okungokwemvelo.” UHezekeli 18:4, 20 noMathewu 10:28 bayakuqinisekisa lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJesu ngokwakhe wakhuluma ngomngane wakhe ofile uLazaru “njengophumulile,” noma olele. UJesu wathi ‘wayezomvusa ebuthongweni.’ (Johane 11:11-14, qhathanisa neNW.) Ngakho umuntu, noma umphefumulo owumuntu, uLazaru wayefile, ngisho noma kwadlula isikhathi esithile, wayesengavuswa, aphinde abuyiselwe ekuphileni. Amaqiniso ayakufakazela lokho. UJesu wavusa uLazaru kwabafile.—Johane 11:17-44.

Lamaphuzu ayithinta kanjani imfundiso yokuhlushwa phakade? Emuva ngekhulu le-17, umbhali wezindaba uWilliam Temple waphawula: “[Kunemibhalo] ekhuluma ngokuphonswa emlilweni ongapheli. Kodwa uma singayifundi ngombono wokuthi lokho okuphonswayo akufi, siyothola umqondo wokuthi, kuyobhujiswa, hhayi ukuthi kuyosha kuze kube phakade.” Lokho kuhlaziya okunembile kuseyiqiniso, ngoba yilokho kanye iBhayibheli eqinisweni elikufundisayo.

Ngokungenakuphikwa, unezizathu eziqinile zokungabaza umbono wokuhlushwa esihogweni phakade kwezinto eziphilayo. Noma mhlawumbe ufuna ukudlulela ngalé kokungabaza nje kuphela futhi ulandele iseluleko sesazi senkolo esinguprofesa uPinnock, esathi: “Zonke izinkolelo ezizungeze isihogo, kuhlanganise nokuhlushwa okungapheli, . . . kufanele zilahlwe ngesisekelo semfundiso enengqondo.” Yebo, izimiso zokulunga, ubulungisa, kanye—nokubaluleke kakhulu—iZwi likaNkulunkulu, iBhayibheli, kukutshela ukuba wenze lokho kanye.

Uma ukwenza, uyobona ukuthi isimo sangempela sesihogo siyamangalisa ngempela. Ungathola ukwaziswa okuwusizo ngalesihloko encwadini ethi Ungaphila Phakade EPharadesi Emhlabeni.b Siza uyicele lapho uhlangana noFakazi BakaJehova. Funda izahluko ezithi “Yini Eyenzekayo Ekufeni?” “Isihogo—Ingabe Sikhona Ngempela?” nesithi “Uvuko—Lobani, Futhi Kuphi?” Uyothola ukuthi isimo sangempela sesihogo asimangalisi nje kuphela kodwa futhi sinikeza ithemba.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 8]

UKUCHAZA AMAGAMA

Kulesihloko amagama athi “isihogo” nelithi “isihogo somlilo” njengoba esetshenziswa yizazi zenkolo kweLobukholwa abhekisela egameni lesiGreki elithi geʹen·na, elivela izikhathi ezingu-12 “eTestamenteni Elisha.” (Mathewu 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Marku 9:43, 45, 47; Luka 12:5; Jakobe 3:6) Nakuba izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene zeBhayibheli zichaza leligama lesiGreki ngokuthi “isihogo,” ezinye izinguqulo zilihumusha ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi “Gehena.” Livumelana ‘nokufa kwesibili, ichibi lomlilo,’ umfanekiso wokubhujiswa kwaphakade otholakala encwadini yokugcina yeBhayibheli.—IsAmbulo 20:14.

Ngokuphathelene namanye amagama amabili ngezinye izikhathi ahunyushwa ngokuthi “isihogo,” i-Dictionary of the Bible (1914), eyahlelwa uWilliam Smith, iyaphawula: “Elithi isihogo . . . igama ngokuvamile nangeshwa elisetshenziswa abahumushi bethu uma behumusha igama lesiHeberu elithi Sheol. Mhlawumbe bekuyoba ngcono ukugcina igama lesiHeberu elithi Sheol, noma ukuba lihunyushwe njalo ngokuthi ‘ithuna’ noma ‘umgodi.’ . . . ET[estamenteni] E[lisha], igama elithi Hayidese, njengelithi Sheol, ngezinye izikhathi limane nje lisho ukuthi ‘ithuna’ . . . Kungalomqondo izinkolo ezisho ngawo ngeNkosi yethu ukuthi ‘Wehlela esihogweni,’ okusho isimo sabafile.”

Ngokungafani neGehena, elifanekisela ukubhujiswa kwaphakade, iSheol neHayidese kubhekisela ekufeni ethuneni lesintu elivamile, ngethemba lokuphinde uvuselwe ekuphileni.—IsAmbulo 20:13.

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

UJesu wavusa uLazaru ebuthongweni bokufa