Luqine Kangakanani Ukholo Lwakho Ovukweni?
“Mina ngingukuvuka nokuphila. Lowo obonisa ukholo kimi, ngisho noma efa, uyophila.”—JOHANE 11:25.
1, 2. Kungani umkhulekeli kaJehova kudingeka aqiniseke ngethemba lovuko?
LIQINE kangakanani ithemba lakho lovuko? Ingabe liyakuqinisa ukuze ungakwesabi ukufa futhi likududuze lapho ulahlekelwa abathandekayo ngokufa? (Mathewu 10:28; 1 Thesalonika 4:13) Ingabe unjengeziningi zezinceku zikaNkulunkulu zasendulo, ezakhuthazelela ukubhaxabulwa, ukuklolodelwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuvalelwa emajele, ziqiniswé ukukholelwa ovukweni?—Heberu 11:35-38.
2 Yebo, umkhulekeli kaJehova oqotho akufanele nakancane angabaze ukuthi luyoba khona uvuko, futhi ukuqiniseka kwakhe kufanele kuthinte indlela aphila ngayo ukuphila kwakhe. Kuyinto emangalisayo ukucabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sikaNkulunkulu esifanele, ulwandle, ukufa neHayidese kuyokhipha abafileyo abakukho, futhi laba abavusiwe bayoba nethemba lokuphila phakade emhlabeni oyipharadesi.—IsAmbulo 20:13; 21:4, 5.
Ukungabaza Ukuphila Kwesikhathi Esizayo
3, 4. Iyiphi inkolelo abaningi abasenayo ngokuphila ngemva kokufa?
3 Sekuyisikhathi eside eLobukholwa lifundisa ukuthi kunokuphila ngemva kokufa. Isihloko esasikumagazini i-U.S. Catholic sathi: “Kuwo wonke umlando, amaKristu aye azama ngokusemandleni ukubhekana nokudumazeka nokuhlupheka kwalokhu kuphila ngokubheka phambili kokunye ukuphila, ukuphila okunokuthula, ukwaneliseka nenjabulo.” Nakuba emazweni amaningi eLobukholwa abantu bengasenandaba nenkolo futhi sebeyidelela, abaningi basenomuzwa wokuthi kumelwe ukuba kukhona okuthile ngemva kokufa. Kodwa kuningi abangaqiniseki ngakho.
4 Isihloko esasikumagazini i-Time saphawula: “Abantu basakholelwa [ekuphileni ngemva kokufa]: ukuthi nje umbono wabo ngokuthi kuyini ngempela usufiphele, futhi kuyaqabukela bezwa ngakho kubefundisi babo.” Kungani abefundisi benkolo bengasakhulumi kangako ngokuphila ngemva kokufa kunokuba babenza? Isazi senkolo uJeffrey Burton Russell sithi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi [abefundisi] bafuna ukuyigwema le ndaba ngoba banomuzwa wokuthi kuzodingeka banqobe isithiyo esiwukungabaza okwandile.”
5. Abaningi namuhla bayibheka kanjani imfundiso yesihogo?
5 Emasontweni amaningi, ukuphila ngemva kokufa kuhilela izulu nesihogo somlilo. Futhi njengoba abefundisi bengathandisisi ukukhuluma ngezulu, abathandisisi nakakhulu ukukhuluma ngesihogo. Esinye isihloko sephephandaba sathi: “Kulezi zinsuku ngisho namasonto akholelwa ekujezisweni kwaphakade esihogweni . . . awasawugcizeleli lo mqondo.” Ngempela, izazi zenkolo eziningi zanamuhla azisakholelwa ukuthi isihogo siyindawo yokuhlushwa engokoqobo, ngendlela okwakufundiswa ngayo ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Kunalokho, zikhetha uhlobo lwesihogo oluthanda ukuba “nobuntu.” Ngokwezazi eziningi zesimanje, izoni azihlushwa ngokoqobo esihogweni, kodwa zihlupheka ngenxa ‘yokuhlukaniswa [kwazo] okungokomoya noNkulunkulu.’
6. Abanye bathola kanjani ukuthi ukholo lwabo alwanele lapho bebhekene nosizi?
6 Ukuthambisa imfundiso yesonto ukuze ingalumeli esikhathini sesimanje kungase kusize abathile bagweme ukungathandwa, kodwa kushiya izigidi zabantu abaqotho abasontayo zizibuza ukuthi yikuphi okufanele zikukholelwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho zibhekene nokufa, ngokuvamile zithola ukuthi ukholo lwazo luyantula. Isimo sabo sengqondo sifana nesowesifazane owalahlekelwa amalungu amaningana omkhaya wakhe engozini edabukisayo. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ukholo lwakhe olungokwenkolo lwalumlethele yini induduzo, waphendula ngokungabaza, “Ngicabanga kanjalo.” Kodwa ngisho noma ngabe waphendula ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukholo lwakhe olungokwenkolo lwalumsizile, kwakuyoba nayiphi inzuzo yesikhathi eside uma izinkolelo zakhe zazingenaso isisekelo esiqinile? Lena indaba ebalulekile, ngoba, empeleni lokho iningi lamasonto elikufundisayo ngokuphila kwesikhathi esizayo kuhluke kakhulu kulokho okufundiswa yiBhayibheli.
Umbono WeLobukholwa Ngokuphila Ngemva Kokufa
7. (a) Iyiphi inkolelo efanayo amasonto amaningi anayo? (b) Esinye isazi senkolo sayichaza kanjani imfundiso yomphefumulo ongafi?
7 Naphezu kokungafani kwazo, cishe zonke izinkolo zeLobukholwa ziyavuma ukuthi abantu banomphefumulo ongafi osindayo lapho umzimba ufa. Eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi lapho umuntu efa, umphefumulo wakhe ungase uye ezulwini. Abanye besaba ukuthi umphefumulo wabo ungase uye esihogweni somlilo noma esihlanzweni. Kodwa umqondo womphefumulo ongafi yiwona oyinhloko embonweni wabo wokuphila esikhathini esizayo. Endatshaneni eyakhishwa encwadini ethi Immortality and Resurrection, isazi senkolo u-Oscar Cullmann sakhuluma ngalokhu. Sabhala: “Uma singase sibuze umKristu ovamile namuhla . . . ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi iyini imfundiso yeTestamente Elisha mayelana nesiphetho somuntu ngemva kokufa, bambalwa esingeke sithole kubo impendulo ethi: ‘Ukungafi komphefumulo.’” Nokho, uCullmann wanezela: “Lo mbono owamukelwa kabanzi ungokunye kokungaqondi okukhulu kwamaKristu.” UCullmann waphawula ukuthi lapho esho lokhu okokuqala, wabangela isiyaluyalu. Kodwa wayeqinisile.
8. Yiliphi ithemba uJehova alinika indoda yokuqala nowesifazane?
8 UJehova uNkulunkulu akazange abadalele abantu ukuba baye ezulwini ngemva kokufa. Kwakungeyona injongo yakhe yokuqala ukuba bafe kwakhona ukufa. U-Adamu no-Eva badalwa bephelele futhi banikwa ithuba lokuba bagcwalise umhlaba ngenzalo elungileyo. (Genesise 1:28; Duteronomi 32:4) Abazali bethu bokuqala batshelwa ukuthi babeyokufa kuphela uma bengamlaleli uNkulunkulu. (Genesise 2:17) Ukube babehlalé bemlalela uYise wasezulwini, babeyoqhubeka bephila emhlabeni phakade.
9. (a) Liyini iqiniso ngomphefumulo womuntu? (b) Kwenzekani emphefumulweni lapho ufa?
9 Nokho, ngokudabukisayo u-Adamu no-Eva behluleka ukulalela uNkulunkulu. (Genesise 3:6, 7) Imiphumela edabukisayo ichazwe umphostoli uPawulu: “Ngomuntu oyedwa isono sangena ezweni nokufa kwangena ngesono, futhi kanjalo ukufa kwasakazekela kubantu bonke ngenxa yokuthi bonke bonile.” (Roma 5:12) Kunokuba baphile phakade emhlabeni, u-Adamu no-Eva bafa. Kwabe sekwenzekani? Ingabe babenemiphefumulo engafi manje eyayisizodluliselwa esihogweni somlilo ngenxa yesono sabo? Ngokuphambene, iBhayibheli lithi ngaphambili, lapho u-Adamu edalwa, “waba . . . umphefumulo ophilayo.” (Genesise 2:7) Umuntu akazange anikwe umphefumulo; waba umphefumulo, umuntu ophilayo. (1 Korinte 15:45) Phela, akuyena yedwa u-Adamu owaba “umphefumulo ophilayo,” kodwa futhi njengoba kuboniswe olimini lwesiHeberu uGenesise alotshwa ngalo, nezilwane eziphansi zaba “imiphefumulo ephilayo”! (Genesise 1:24, NW) Lapho u-Adamu no-Eva befa, baba imiphefumulo efile. Ekugcineni, kwenzeka kubo njengoba nje uJehova ayeshilo ku-Adamu: “Ngesithukuthuku sobuso bakho uyakudla isinkwa sakho, uze ubuyele emhlabathini, lokhu wathathwa kuwo; ngokuba ungumhlabathi, uyakuphenduka umhlabathi.”—Genesise 3:19.
10, 11. Yikuphi i-New Catholic Encyclopedia ekuvumayo ngemfundiso yeBhayibheli yomphefumulo, futhi lokhu kuqhathaniseka kanjani nalokho okushiwo iBhayibheli?
10 Ngokuyisisekelo, i-New Catholic Encyclopedia iyavumelana nalokhu. Esihlokweni sayo esithi, “Soul (in the Bible) [Umphefumulo (EBhayibhelini)],” ithi: “[“ETestamenteni Elidala,” noma imiBhalo YesiHeberu] akukho kuhlukaniswa komzimba nomphefumulo kube izingxenye ezimbili.” Inezela ukuthi eBhayibhelini, igama elithi “umphefumulo” “alilokothi lisho umphefumulo ohlukile emzimbeni noma kumuntu ngamunye.” Yebo, umphefumulo ngokuvamile “usho isidalwa ngasinye uqobo lwaso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyisilwane noma umuntu.” Ubuqotho obunjalo buyaqabula, kodwa umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi kungani iningi labantu abasontayo lingazange laziswe lawa maqiniso.
11 Yeka ukuthi kungakanani ukukhathazeka nokwesaba abantu abasontayo abebeyokhululeka kukho ukube bebelazi iqiniso leBhayibheli elicacile: “Umphefumulo owonayo uyakufa,” ngeke uhlupheke esihogweni somlilo! (Hezekeli 18:4) Nakuba lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kulokho eLobukholwa elikufundisayo, kuvumelana ngokuphelele nalokho indoda ehlakaniphile uSolomoni eyakusho iphefumulelwe: “Abaphilayo bayazi ukuthi bayakufa, kepha abafileyo abazi-lutho, futhi abasenawo umvuzo [kulokhu kuphila], ngokuba ukukhunjulwa kwabo sekukhohlakele. Konke isandla sakho esikufumanayo ukukwenza, kwenze ngamandla akho, ngokuba akukho-msebenzi, namcabango, nakwazi, nakuhlakanipha endaweni yabafileyo, lapho uya khona.”—UmShumayeli 9:5, 10.
12. ELobukholwa layitholaphi imfundiso yalo yomphefumulo ongafi?
12 Kungani eLobukholwa lifundisa okuhluke kangaka kulokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo? I-New Catholic Encyclopedia, esihlokweni sayo esithi “Soul, Human, Immortality Of [Umphefumulo, Umuntu, Ukungafi Kwawo],” ithi oFata beSonto bokuqala basekela inkolelo yomphefumulo ongafi, hhayi eBhayibhelini, kodwa ‘kubaqambi bezinkondlo nasezazini zefilosofi nasemasikweni avamile endlela yamaGreki yokucabanga . . . Kamuva, izazi zakhetha ukusebenzisa uPlato noma izimiso zika-Aristotle.’ Ithi “ithonya nendlela yokucabanga yeFilosofi KaPlato Yakamuva”—kuhlanganise nokukholelwa emphefumulweni ongafi—kwagcina sekufakwe “khona kanye emnyombweni wemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu.”
13, 14. Kungani kungenangqondo ukulindela ukukhanyiselwa izazi zefilosofi ezingamaGreki angamaqaba?
13 Ingabe kwakufanele ukuba abathi bangamaKristu baphendukele ezazini zefilosofi ezingamaGreki angamaqaba ukuze zifunde ngento eyisisekelo njengethemba lokuphila ngemva kokufa? Kwakungafanele. Lapho uPawulu ebhalela amaKristu ayehlala eKorinte, eGrisi, wathi: “Ukuhlakanipha kwalelizwe kuwubuwula kuNkulunkulu; ngoba kulotshiwe ukuthi: ‘Ubamba abahlakaniphileyo ebuqilini babo siqu.’ Nokuthi futhi: ‘UJehova uyazi ukuthi imicabango yabantu abahlakaniphileyo iyize.’” (1 Korinte 3:19, 20) AmaGreki asendulo ayengabakhulekeli bezithombe. Ayengaba kanjani-ke umthombo weqiniso? UPawulu wabuza abaseKorinte: “Linakuvumelana kuni ithempeli likaNkulunkulu nezithombe? Ngoba thina siyithempeli likaNkulunkulu ophilayo; njengoba nje uNkulunkulu athi: ‘Ngiyohlala phakathi kwabo futhi ngihambe phakathi kwabo, futhi ngiyoba uNkulunkulu wabo, bona bayoba abantu bami.’”—2 Korinte 6:16.
14 Ukwambulwa kwamaqiniso angcwele kwaqale kwenziwa ngomzila oyisizwe sakwa-Israyeli. (Roma 3:1, 2) Ngemva kuka-33 C.E., kwenziwa ngebandla lamaKristu agcotshiwe lekhulu lokuqala. Ekhuluma ngamaKristu ekhulu lokuqala, uPawulu wathi: “Yithi uNkulunkulu asambulela [izinto azilungiselele labo abamthandayo] ngomoya wakhe.” (1 Korinte 2:10; bheka nesAmbulo 1:1, 2.) Imfundiso yeLobukholwa yokungafi komphefumulo yasuselwa kuyifilosofi yamaGreki. Ayizange yembulwe ngezambulo zikaNkulunkulu ku-Israyeli noma ngebandla lamaKristu agcotshiwe lekhulu lokuqala.
Ithemba Langempela Ngabafileyo
15. NgokukaJesu, liyini ithemba langempela ngabafileyo?
15 Uma ungekho umphefumulo ongafi, liyini ithemba langempela ngabafileyo? Yebo, liwuvuko, imfundiso yeBhayibheli eyinhloko nesithembiso saphezulu esimangalisa ngempela. UJesu wanikeza ithemba lovuko lapho ethi kumngane wakhe uMarta: “Mina ngingukuvuka nokuphila. Lowo obonisa ukholo kimi, ngisho noma efa, uyophila.” (Johane 11:25) Ukukholelwa kuJesu kusho ukukholelwa ovukweni, hhayi emphefumulweni ongafi.
16. Kungani kunengqondo ukukholelwa ovukweni?
16 Ngaphambili uJesu wayekhulume ngovuko lapho ethi kumaJuda athile: “Ningamangali ngalokhu, ngoba ihora liyeza lapho bonke abasemathuneni ayisikhumbuzo beyozwa khona izwi layo futhi baphume.” (Johane 5:28, 29) Lokho uJesu akuchazayo lapha kuhluke kakhulu emphefumulweni ongafi osindayo lapho umzimba ufa bese uqonda ngqó ezulwini. ‘Kuwukuphuma’ kwabantu kwesikhathi esizayo, abaningi babo osekungamakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zeminyaka besethuneni. Kuwukuphila futhi kwemiphefumulo efileyo. Yinto engenakwenzeka? Akuyona kuNkulunkulu “ophilisa abafileyo futhi abize izinto ezingekho njengokungathi zikhona.” (Roma 4:17) Abagxeki bangase bawuhleke usulu umqondo wokuthi abantu bayovuka kwabafileyo, kodwa uvumelana kahle kakhulu neqiniso lokuthi “uNkulunkulu uluthando” nokuthi ‘ungumvuzi walabo abamfuna ngobuqotho.’—1 Johane 4:16; Heberu 11:6.
17. Yini uNkulunkulu ayoyifeza ngovuko?
17 Kakade, uNkulunkulu ubengabavuza kanjani labo abazibonakalisa ‘bekholekile kuze kube ngisho nasekufeni’ uma engenakubabuyisela ekuphileni? (IsAmbulo 2:10) Uvuko lwenza futhi kwenzeke ngoNkulunkulu ukuba afeze lokho umphostoli uJohane abhala ngakho: “Ngenxa yalenjongo iNdodana kaNkulunkulu yabonakaliswa, okuwukuthi, ukuzobhidliza imisebenzi kaDeveli.” (1 Johane 3:8) Emuva ensimini yase-Edene, uSathane waba umbulali waso sonke isintu lapho eholela abazali bethu bokuqala esonweni nokufa. (Genesise 3:1-6; Johane 8:44) UJesu waqala ukubhidliza imisebenzi kaSathane lapho enikela ngokuphila kwakhe okuphelele njengenani lesihlengo, evula indlela yokuba isintu sikhululwe ebugqilini besono obazuzwa njengefa obabuwumphumela wokungalaleli kuka-Adamu ngamabomu. (Roma 5:18) Ukuvuswa kwalabo abafa ngenxa yalesi sono sika-Adamu kuyoba ukubhidlizwa okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi kaDeveli.
Umzimba Nomphefumulo
18. Izazi ezithile zefilosofi ezingamaGreki zasabela kanjani emazwini kaPawulu okuthi uJesu wayevusiwe, futhi ngani?
18 Lapho umphostoli uPawulu ese-Athene, washumayela izindaba ezinhle esixukwini esasihlanganisa nezazi zefilosofi ezithile ezingamaGreki. Salalela inkulumo yakhe ngoNkulunkulu oyedwa weqiniso futhi esimema ukuba siphenduke. Kodwa kwabe sekwenzekani? UPawulu waphetha inkulumo yakhe, wathi: “[UNkulunkulu] umise usuku ajonge ukwahlulela ngalo ngokulunga umhlaba owakhiwe ngomuntu ammisile, futhi unikeze isiqinisekiso kubo bonke abantu njengoba eye wamvusa kwabafileyo.” Lawo mazwi abangela isiyaluyalu. “Lapho bezwa ngovuko lwabafileyo, abanye baqala ukuhleka insini.” (IzEnzo 17:22-32) Isazi senkolo u-Oscar Cullmann siyaphawula: “KumaGreki ayekholelwa ekungafini komphefumulo kungenzeka kwakunzima nakakhulu ukwamukela intshumayelo yamaKristu yovuko kunokuba kwakunjalo ngabanye. . . . Imfundiso yezazi ezivelele zefilosofi uSocrates noPlato ayinakuvunyelaniswa nakancane neyeTestamente Elisha.”
19. Izazi zenkolo zeLobukholwa zizama kanjani ukuvumelanisa imfundiso yovuko nemfundiso yomphefumulo ongafi?
19 Noma kunjalo, ngemva kokuhlubuka okukhulu ngemva kokufa kwabaphostoli, izazi zenkolo zashikashikeka zihlanganisa imfundiso yobuKristu yovuko nokukholelwa kukaPlato emphefumulweni ongafi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye zavumelana ngekhambi elisha shá: Ekufeni, umphefumulo uyahlukaniswa (“uyakhululwa,” njengoba ezinye zisho kanjalo) emzimbeni. Khona-ke, ngokusho kwe-Outlines of the Doctrine of the Resurrection, kaR. J. Cooke, ngoSuku Lokwahlulela “isidumbu ngasinye siyophinde sihlanganiswe nomphefumulo waso, nomphefumulo ngamunye nesidumbu sawo.” Ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwesikhathi esizayo komzimba nomphefumulo wawo ongafi kuthiwa yilona vuko.
20, 21. Obani abaye bafundisa iqiniso ngovuko ngokungaguquguquki, futhi lokhu kuye kwabazuzisa kanjani?
20 Le nkolelo-mbono iseyimfundiso engokomthetho yamasonto amaningi avamile. Nakuba umqondo onjalo ungase ubonakale unengqondo esazini senkolo, abantu abaningi abasontayo abawazi. Bamane nje bakholelwa ukuthi bayoqonda ngqó ezulwini lapho befa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyi-Commonweal ka-May 5, 1995, umlobi uJohn Garvey wathi: “Inkolelo yamaKristu amaningi [endabeni yokuphila ngemva kokufa] ibonakala isondelene kakhulu neFilosofi KaPlato Yakamuva kunanoma yini ewubuKristu ngempela, futhi ayisekeliwe eBhayibhelini.” Ngempela, ngokushintshanisa iBhayibheli ukuze bamukele uPlato, abefundisi beLobukholwa bacima ithemba lovuko lemihlambi yabo eliseBhayibhelini.
21 Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oFakazi BakaJehova bayawenqaba amafilosofi obuqaba banamathele emfundisweni yeBhayibheli yovuko. Le mfundiso bayithola iqinisa, yanelisa futhi iduduza. Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, sizobona ukuthi inesisekelo esiqine kangakanani nokuthi inengqondo kangakanani imfundiso yeBhayibheli yovuko, kokubili kulabo abanethemba lasemhlabeni nakulabo abanethemba lokuvuselwa ekuphileni kwasezulwini. Ukuze ulungiselele ukucabangela lezi zihloko, situsa ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela isahluko 15 sencwadi yokuqala kwabaseKorinte.
Uyakhumbula?
◻ Kungani kufanele sihlakulele ukuqiniseka okugxilile ovukweni?
◻ Yiliphi ithemba uJehova alinikeza u-Adamu no-Eva?
◻ Kungani kungenangqondo ukufuna iqiniso kuyifilosofi yamaGreki?
◻ Kungani uvuko luyithemba elinengqondo?
[Isithombe ekhasini 10]
Lapho bona, abazali bethu bokuqala balahlekelwa ithemba lokuphila okumi phakade emhlabeni
[Isithombe ekhasini 12]
Izazi zesonto zathonywa inkolelo kaPlato yokungafi komphefumulo
[Umthombo]
Musei Capitolini, Roma