Ukusuka Emazwini Omlomo Kuya Emibhalweni Engcwele—Ukubhala NamaKristu Okuqala

IZIZUKULWANE eziningi zamakholwa ziye zachitha isikhathi esiningi zifunda, zitadisha futhi zihlaziya eminye yemibhalo edume kakhulu eyake yaba khona—yeTestamente Elisha, njengoba ivame ukubizwa kanjalo imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki. Leyo mibhalo, kanye nalo lonke iBhayibheli, iye yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuphileni kwethu, yalolonga izimiso nezindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi yashukumisa abalobi bezincwadi nemisebenzi yobuciko. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, iye yasiza izigidi zabantu—ngokunokwenzeka nawe imbala—ukuba zithole ulwazi olunembile ngoNkulunkulu noJesu.—Johane 17:3.

AmaVangeli, kuhlanganise nayo yonke imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, awabhalwanga ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kukaJesu. Cishe uMathewu wabhala iVangeli lakhe ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-7 noma engu-8, kanti uJohane wabhala elakhe eminyakeni engaba ngu-65 kamuva. Bakwazi kanjani ukuloba amazwi nezenzo zikaJesu ngokunemba okukhulu kangaka? Ngokusobala, umoya ongcwele kaNkulunkulu wafeza indima ebalulekile ekubaqondiseni. (Johane 14:16, 26) Kodwa izimfundiso zikaJesu zadluliswa kanjani ngokunembile, zagcina seziyingxenye yemiBhalo Engcwele?

Ingabe “Babengafundile Ngempela”?

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abanye baye basikisela ukuthi abafundi bakaJesu bokuqala babengazibhali phansi izimfundiso zikaJesu kodwa babezidlulisela ngomlomo. Ngokwesibonelo, isazi esithile sithi: “Kwakunegebe lamashumi eminyaka athile phakathi kwenkonzo kaJesu yasobala nokubhalwa kwamazwi akhe abalobi bamaVangeli. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi okwakwaziwa ngoJesu kwakudluliselwa ngomlomo.” Abanye abacwaningi baze bagomele ngokuthi abafundi bakaJesu bokuqala “babengafundile ngempela.”a Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathi phakathi namashumi eminyaka okudluliswa kokwaziswa ngomlomo, kungenzeka ukulandisa okuphathelene nenkonzo kaJesu kwanezelwa, kwaguqulwa noma kweqiswa. Bathi imiphumela yayihluke kakhulu ekulandiseni okunembile kwalezi zenzakalo.

Omunye umbono osekelwa yizazi ezithile uwukuthi abafundi bakaJesu bokuqala abangamaJuda cishe babelandela indlela yokufundisa yorabi—ukuphindaphinda ukuze babambe ngekhanda—okwanezela ekunembeni kwezinto ababezidlulisela ngomlomo. Ingabe abafundi babethembele emazwini omlomo kuphela? Noma kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukubhala kwaba nendima ekulondolozweni komlando wenkonzo kaJesu? Nakuba singenakuqiniseka ngokuphelele, kungenzeka ukubhala kwaba nayo indima enjalo.

Ukubhala Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Ekhulwini lokuqala, abantu bazo zonke izinhlobo babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ekhuluma ngaleli phuzu, u-Alan Millard, uprofesa wesiHebheru nezilimi zamaJuda zasendulo, wathi: “Ukubhala ngesiGreki, isi-Aramu nesiHebheru kwakwandile futhi kwakutholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi.” Uyanezela: “UJesu wayesebenza kuleso simo.”

Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi imibhalo yamaVangeli “yalotshwa imiphakathi eyayingafundile nhlobo,” uProfesa Millard uthi: “Cishe akunjalo, ngoba ukubhala kwakwaziwa cishe yonke indawo . . . Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile kwakunabantu ababekubhala phansi abakuzwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babezibhalela bona noma ukuze kufundwe abanye.”

Kungenzeka kwakukhona izibhebhe ezipholishiwe ezazitholakala nokungenzeka zazisetshenziselwa ukubhala ukwaziswa. Isibonelo salokhu sitholakala esahlukweni sokuqala sikaLuka. UZakariya, owayengakwazi ukukhuluma okwesikhashana, wabuzwa ukuthi ufuna ukuyetha ngaliphi igama indodana yakhe. Ivesi 63 lithi: “Wacela [cishe ekhuluma ngezandla] isibhebhe waloba ukuthi: ‘NguJohane igama lakhe.’” Izichazamazwi zeBhayibheli zichaza ukuthi igama elithi “isibhebhe” cishe lalibhekisela ebhodini lokubhala elenziwe ngepulangwe okungenzeka ukuthi lalipholishiwe. Mhlawumbe kwakunothile owayephethe ibhodi lokubhala, elalilungele ukuba uZakariya abhale kulo.

Esinye isibonelo sibonisa ukuthi amabhodi okubhala nokusetshenziswa kwawo kwakuvamile ngaleso sikhathi. Encwadini yezEnzo sifunda ukuthi uPetru wayekhuluma nesixuku ethempelini, esinxusa: “Phendukani . . . kusulwe izono zenu.” (IzEnzo 3:11, 19) Igama elithi ‘kusulwe’ livela esenzweni sesiGreki esisho “ukusula, ukucisha.” I-New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology iyachaza: “Umqondo ovezwa yilesi senzo lapha nakwezinye izindawo cishe owokusula isibhebhe sokubhala esipholishiwe ukuze siphinde sisetshenziswe.”

Ukulandisa kwamaVangeli kubonisa nokuthi abalandeli nezilaleli zikaJesu babehlanganisa abantu okungenzeka babebhala lapho benza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakunabathelisi uMathewu noZakewu (Mathewu 9:9; Luka 19:2); isikhulu sesinagoge (Marku 5:22); isikhulu sezempi (Mathewu 8:5); uJowana, inkosikazi yesikhulu esasingaphansi kukaHerode Antiphase (Luka 8:3); kanye nababhali, abaFarisi, abaSadusi, namalungu eSanhedrini. (Mathewu 21:23, 45; 22:23; 26:59) Akungabazeki ukuthi cishe bonke abaphostoli nabafundi bakaJesu babekwazi ukubhala.

Abafundi, Abafundisi Nabalobi

Ukuze babe abafundisi abangamaKristu, kwakungadingeki ukuba abafundi bazi lokho uJesu akusho nakwenza kuphela kodwa kwakufanele baqonde nendlela uMthetho neziprofetho zemiBhalo YesiHebheru ezisebenza ngayo kuKristu. (IzEnzo 18:5) Ngokuthakazelisayo, uLuka wabika ngomhlangano othile uJesu aba nawo nabafundi bakhe ngemva nje kokuvuswa kwakhe. Yini uJesu ayenza? “Eqala kuMose nakubo bonke abaProfethi wabachazela izinto eziphathelene naye kuyo yonke imiBhalo.” Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uJesu watshela abafundi bakhe: “‘Lawa ngamazwi ami engawakhuluma kini ngesikhathi ngisenani, ukuthi zonke izinto ezilotshwe ngami emthethweni kaMose nakubaProfethi nakumaHubo kumelwe zigcwaliseke.’ Khona-ke wavula izingqondo zabo ngokugcwele ukuze baqonde okushiwo imiBhalo.” (Luka 24:27, 44, 45) Kamuva, abafundi “bakhumbula” ukuqonda uJesu ayebanike khona.—Johane 12:16.

Lokhu kulandisa kubonisa ukuthi kumelwe ukuba abaphostoli nabafundi bazikhandla becwaninga futhi befunda imiBhalo ukuze bakuqonde ngokuphelele okushiwo yizinto abazibona nabazizwa ngeNkosi yabo, uJesu Kristu. (Luka 1:1-4; IzEnzo 17:11) Ngokuqondene nalokhu, uHarry Y. Gamble, uprofesa wezifundo zezenkolo e-University of Virginia, wabhala: “Akunakungatshazwa neze ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwakunamaKristu, mhlawumbe izixuku zawo, ayezinikele ekutadisheni imibhalo ngokucophelela nasekuchazeni imibhalo yamaJuda, efuna kuyo ubufakazi obulotshiwe bezinkolelo zobuKristu futhi enza leyo mibhalo ukuba isebenziseke ekushumayeleni kwamaKristu.”

Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthembela ekudlulisweni kolwazi ngomlomo kuphela, abafundi bakaJesu bokuqala babehileleke kakhulu ekutadisheni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Babengabafundi, abafundisi nabalobi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, babengabantu abangokomoya ababencike emoyeni ongcwele ukuba ubaqondise. UJesu wabaqinisekisa ngokuthi “umoya weqiniso” ‘wawuzobakhumbuza zonke izinto ayebatshele zona.’ (Johane 14:17, 26) Umoya ongcwele kaNkulunkulu wabasiza ukuba bakhumbule futhi babhale lokho uJesu akwenza nakusho, ngisho nezingcaphuno ezinde, njengeNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni. (Mathewu, izahluko 5-7) Lo moya waqondisa nabalobi bamaVangeli ekubhaleni indlela uJesu ayezizwa ngayo ngezikhathi ezithile nalokho akusho lapho ethandaza.—Mathewu 4:2; 9:36; Johane 17:1-26.

Ngakho, nakuba kungangabazeki ukuthi abalobi bamaVangeli basebenzisa kokubili amazwi omlomo nendaba ebhalwe phansi, izinto abaziloba zazinomthombo onokwethenjelwa nophakeme kakhulu—uJehova uNkulunkulu uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, singaba nethemba eliqinisekile lokuthi “yonke imiBhalo iphefumulelwe uNkulunkulu,” ingasifundisa futhi isiqondise ekwenzeni izinto ezimthokozisayo.—2 Thimothewu 3:16.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 14]

Abalandeli bakaJesu babehlanganisa abantu okungenzeka babebhala lapho benza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 15]

Umoya ongcwele kaNkulunkulu wasiza abafundi bakaJesu bokuqala ukuba bakhumbule futhi babhale lokho akwenza nakusho

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Ingabe Abaphostoli Babengafundile?

Lapho ababusi namadoda amadala eJerusalema “bebona ukungagunci kukaPetru noJohane, futhi beqonda ukuthi bangabantu abangafundile nabavamile, bamangala.” (IzEnzo 4:13) Ingabe abaphostoli babengafundile ngempela? Ikhuluma ngalokhu kugomela, i-New Interpreter’s Bible ithi: “Cishe la mazwi akufanele athathwe ngokoqobo njengokungathi uPetru [noJohane] babengafundile, kanjalo bengakwazi ukubhala noma ukufunda. Amane aveza ukungafani kwesikhundla sezenhlalo phakathi kwalabo ababengabahluleli kanye nabaphostoli.”

[Isithombe ekhasini 13]

“Wacela isibhebhe waloba ukuthi: ‘NguJohane igama lakhe’”

[Isithombe ekhasini 13]

Isibhebhe esipholishiwe kanye nezinto zokubhala zangekhulu lokuqala noma lesibili C.E.

[Umthombo]

© British Museum/Art Resource, NY