Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yama-53—2 Thesalonika
Umlobi: UPawulu
Yalotshelwa: EKorinte
Ukuloba Kwaphela: Cishe ngo-51 C.E.
1. Yini ebonisa isikhathi nendawo yokuloba, futhi yini eyashukumisela ukulotshwa kwencwadi yesibili eya kwabaseThesalonika?
INCWADI yesibili kamphostoli uPawulu eya kwabaseThesalonika yayilandela eduze eyokuqala. Siyazi ukuthi yabhalwa ngokushesha ngemva kwencwadi yokuqala, nokuthi yabhalelwa emzini ofanayo waseKorinte, ngoba abazalwane abafanayo, uSilvanu noThimothewu, bayaphinda bahlanganyela noPawulu ekubingeleleni ibandla laseThesalonika. Bonke babeyizinceku ezijikelezayo zebandla lobuKristu lokuqala, futhi awukho umbhalo obonisa ukuthi bobathathu baphinde baba ndawonye ngemva kwalokhu kuhlangana eKorinte. (2 Thes. 1:1; IzE. 18:5, 18) Umongo wendaba nesimo sengxoxo kubonisa ukuthi uPawulu waba nomuzwa wesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqondisa ibandla ngokushesha ngephutha elaliwele kulo.
2. Yini efakazela ubuqiniso bencwadi yesiBili KwabaseThesalonika?
2 Ubuqiniso balencwadi bufakazelwa kahle njengobuqiniso beyokuQala KwabaseThesalonika. Nayo iyacashunwa uIrenaeus (wekhulu lesibili leminyaka C.E.) kanye nangabanye abalobi bokuqala, kuhlanganise noJustin Martyr (naye owaphila ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka), ngokusobala obhekisela kweyesi-2 Thesalonika 2:3 lapho ebhala ‘ngomuntu ongenamthetho [wesono].’ Iyavela ezinhlwini zakudala ezifanayo njengeyokuQala KwabaseThesalonika. Nakuba manje ingasekho kuyiChester Beatty Papyrus No. 2 (P46), cishe ngokuqinisekile yayikhona emakhasini okuqala amabili kwayisikhombisa angekho ngemva kweyokuQala KwabaseThesalonika.
3, 4. (a) Iyiphi inkinga eyayiphakame ebandleni laseThesalonika? (b) Lencwadi yabhalwa nini futhi kuphi, futhi yini uPawulu ayefuna ukuyifeza ngayo?
3 Yayiyini injongo yalencwadi? Eselulekweni uPawulu asinikeza abaseThesalonika, sithola ukuthi abanye ebandleni babegomela ngokuthi ukuba khona kweNkosi kwakuseduze kakhulu, ukuthi labaqageli babeyishumayela ngentshiseko lemfundiso yabo, nokuthi babebanga isiyaluyalu esikhulu ebandleni. Kubonakala sengathi abanye babeze basebenzise lokhu njengezaba zokungasebenzi ukuze bazondle. (2 Thes. 3:11) Encwadini yakhe yokuqala, uPawulu wayebhekisele ekubeni khona kweNkosi, futhi akungabazeki ukuthi lapho labaqageli bezwa incwadi ifundwa, bashesha ukusonta amazwi kaPawulu futhi bawachaza ngendlela eyayingahlosiwe encwadini. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi incwadi ethile okwacatshangwa ngokunephutha ukuthi yayivela kuPawulu yachazwa njengeyayibonisa ukuthi “usuku [lukaJehova, NW] selufikile.”—2:1, 2.
4 Kubonakala sengathi uPawulu wayetholé umbiko ngalesimo, mhlawumbe kumuntu owayisa incwadi yakhe yokuqala ebandleni, futhi ngalokho wayezokukhathalela kakhulu ukuqondisa ukucabanga kwabazalwane bakhe ayebathanda kakhulu kangaka. Ngakho ngonyaka ka-51 C.E., uPawulu, ekanye nabangane bakhe ababili, wathumela incwadi isuka eKorinte iya ebandleni laseThesalonika. Ngaphezu kokuqondisa umbono oyiphutha ngokuba khona kukaKristu, uPawulu unikeza isikhuthazo esifudumele sokuma beqinile eqinisweni.
OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI YESIBILI KWABASETHESALONIKA
5. Kungani uPawulu nabangane bakhe bebonga uNkulunkulu, yisiphi isiqinisekiso abasinikezayo, futhi yini abayithandazelayo?
5 Ukwambulwa kweNkosi uJesu (1:1-12). UPawulu nabangane bakhe babonga uNkulunkulu ngokukhula okuhle kokholo lwabaseThesalonika nothando lwabo komunye nomunye. Ukukhuthazela kwabo nokholo ngaphansi kokuzingelwa kuyisiboniso sokwahlulela okulungileyo kukaNkulunkulu kokuthi kuthiwa balungele uMbuso. UNkulunkulu uyobuyisela ukuhlupheka kulabo abakubangelayo ebandleni, futhi uyonikeza labo abahluphekayo ukuphumula. Lokhu kuyoba “[s]ekwambulweni kweNkosi uJesu, evela ezulwini, enezingelosi zamandla akhe . . . nxa efika ukuba akhazimuliswe kubo abangcwele bakhe.” (1:7, 10) UPawulu nabangane bakhe babakhulekela njalo abaseThesalonika, ukuba uNkulunkulu abenze babe abafanele ukubabiza kwaKhe nokuba igama leNkosi uJesu likhazinyuliswe kubo nabo kuye.
6. Yini okumelwe ifike ngaphambi kosuku lukaJehova, futhi kanjani?
6 Kuyofika ukuhlubuka ngaphambi kokuba khona kukaJesu (2:1-12). Abazalwane akumelwe bethuswe yinoma isiphi isigijimi esithi usuku lukaJehova selufikile. “Aluyikufika, kunga[ka]veli kuqala ukuhlubuka, kwambulwe umuntu ongenamthetho, indodana yokulahlwa.” Bayakwazi manje “okubambezelayo,” kodwa imfihlakalo yalokhu kungabi-namthetho isiyasebenza. Uma lokhu okubambezelayo sekususiwe, “lapho-ke uzakwambulwa lowo ongenamthetho, eyakumqeda iNkosi uJesu Kristu ngomoya womlomo wayo, imchithe ngokubonakala kokufika [“kokuba khona,” NW] kwayo.” Ukuba khona kongenamthetho kuwumphumela wokusebenza kukaSathane ngemisebenzi yamandla nokukhohlisa, futhi uNkulunkulu uvumela amandla okuduka ukuba aye kulabo abangazange balwamukele uthando lweqiniso ukuze bakholwe amanga.—2:3, 6, 8.
7. Abazalwane bangama kanjani beqinile futhi bathole isivikelo komubi?
7 Qinani okholweni (2:13–3:18). UPawulu uyaqhubeka: “Thina simelwe ukubonga uNkulunkulu njalo ngani-bazalwane abathandwa yiNkosi, ngokuba kwasekuqaleni uNkulunkulu wanikhethela ukusindiswa ngokungcwelisa kukaMoya nangokukholwa yiqiniso.” Ngenxa yalenjongo izindaba ezinhle zamenyezelwa kubo. Ngakho-ke abazalwane kumelwe bame beqinile futhi babambelele emasikweni abawafundiswa, ukuze uJesu Kristu noYise, owabapha ngomusa induduzo yaphakade nethemba, “[aba]qinise emisebenzini yonke nasemazwini onke amahle.” (2:13, 17) UPawulu ucela ukuba babakhulekele, “ukuze izwi [likaJehova, NW] likhawuleze, lidunyiswe.” (3:1) INkosi, ethembekile, iyobaqinisa futhi ibalondoloze komubi, futhi kungumthandazo kaPawulu ukuba iNkosi iqhubeke iqondisa izinhliziyo zabo othandweni lukaNkulunkulu nasekukhuthazeleni kukaKristu.
8. Yisiphi isiyalo esinamandla esinikezwayo, futhi kukuphi lapho uPawulu neqembu lakhe bebeka khona isibonelo?
8 Kulandela isiyalo esinamandla: “Kodwa siyaniyala, bazalwane, egameni leNkosi uJesu Kristu ukuba nizahlukanise nabazalwane bonke abahamba ngokungafanele, bengahambi ngomyalo eniwamukele kithina.” (3:6) Umphostoli ubakhumbuza ngesibonelo iqembu lakhe lezithunywa zevangeli elasinikeza, likhandleka ubusuku nemini ukuze lingabasindi, ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza lomyalo: “Uma umuntu engathandi ukusebenza, makangadli.” Kodwa manje bezwa ukuthi abanye abahamba ngokungafanele abasebenzi kepha benza okuyize nje. Laba kufanele basisebenzele isinkwa sabo.—2 Thes. 3:10; 1 Thes. 4:11.
9. UPawulu uthini ngokwenza okuqondile nangokwenza ongalaleli abe namahloni, futhi uyiphetha kanjani incwadi yakhe?
9 Abazalwane akumelwe badinwe ukwenza okuqondile. Kodwa uma omunye wabo engayilaleli incwadi kaPawulu, ibandla kumelwe limenze abe namahloni ngokumphawula futhi lingabe lisazihlanganisa naye, ngesikhathi esifanayo limluleke njengomzalwane. UPawulu uthandazela ukuba iNkosi yokuthula ibaphe “ukuthula ngezikhathi zonke nangezindlela zonke,” futhi uphetha incwadi yakhe ngemikhonzo ebhalwe ngesandla sakhe.—2 Thes. 3:16.
ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO
10. Yiziphi ezinye zezimfundiso nezimiso eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisiwe encwadini yesiBili KwabaseThesalonika?
10 Lencwadi emfushane ephefumlelwe eya kwabaseThesalonika ithinta izici eziningi kakhulu zeqiniso lobuKristu, zonke okunenzuzo ukuzicabangela. Cabangela izimfundiso nezimiso ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisiwe: UJehova unguNkulunkulu wensindiso, futhi ungcwelisa ngomoya nangokholo eqinisweni (2:13); umKristu kumelwe akhuthazelele ukuhlupheka ukuze kuthiwe uwufanele uMbuso kaNkulunkulu (1:4, 5); amaKristu kumelwe aqoqelwe ndawonye eNkosini uJesu Kristu ekubeni khona kwayo (2:1, NW); uJehova uyoletha isahlulelo sokulunga kulabo abangazilaleli izindaba ezinhle (1:5-8); labo ababiziwe bayokhazinyuliswa kanye noKristu Jesu, ngokuvumelana nomusa kaNkulunkulu ongafanele (1:12); babizwa ngokushunyayelwa kwezindaba ezinhle (2:14); ukholo luyimfuneko ebalulekile (1:3, 4, 10, 11; 2:13; 3:2); kufanelekile ukusebenza ukuze umuntu azondle enkonzweni; uma umuntu engasebenzi, angase avilaphe abese eqala ukuzigaxa ezintweni ezingahlangene naye (3:8-12, qhathanisa neNW.); uthando lukaNkulunkulu luhlangene nokukhuthazela (3:5). Yeka ingcebo yokwaziswa okwakhayo etholakala encwadini eyodwa emfushane ephefumlelwe!
11. Yikuphi ukwaziswa okubalulekile nesiqinisekiso okunikezwayo ngokuphathelene noMbuso?
11 Kulencwadi uPawulu wabonisa ukukhathalela okujulile ngenhlala-kahle engokomoya yabazalwane bakhe baseThesalonika nangobunye nokuchuma kwebandla. Waqondisa isimo sabo ekulindeleni isikhathi sosuku lukaJehova, ebonisa ukuthi kumelwe kuqale kubonakale “umuntu ongenamthetho,” ahlale “ethempelini likaNkulunkulu ezishaya uNkulunkulu.” Nokho, labo okuthiwa ‘bawulungele umbuso kaNkulunkulu’ bangaqiniseka ngokuphelele ngokuthi ngesikhathi esifanele iNkosi uJesu iyokwambulwa isezulwini, iphindisela elangabini lomlilo ‘nxa ifika ukuba ikhazimuliswe kubo abangcwele bayo, ibe-ngomangalisayo kubo bonke abakholwa.’—2:3, 4; 1:5, 10.