Imfihlakalo YeCodex YaseVatican
ICODEX Vaticanus 1209 ivela encwadini yokuqala ebonisa izincwadi ezisemtatsheni iVatican Library, eyahlelwa ngonyaka ka-1475. Ukuthi yafika kanjani lapho akekho owaziyo. Ingenye yamacodex amathathu amakhulu esiGreki aye aba khona kuze kube namuhla, isezingeni elifanayo nomngane wayo, iSinaiticus yekhulu lesine leminyaka, neAlexandrinus yasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka.
Nakuba ukubaluleka kwalombhalo wesandla waseVatican kwakwaziwa kakhulu yizazi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka, bambalwa kakhulu ababevunyelwe ukuba bayifunde. Ngo-1669, iVatican Library yalungiselela inhlanganisela yemibhalo ehlukahlukene yalombhalo wesandla, kodwa yalahleka futhi ayizange itholakale kwaze kwaba u-1819.
Umbusi waseFrance uNapoleon wathumba iRoma ngo-1809 futhi wathatha imibhalo yesandla ebaluleke kakhulu wayiyisa eParis, lapho yahlolwa khona nguLeonhard Hug, isazi esidumile, kodwa lapho uNapoleon eseketuliwe icodex yabuyiselwa eVatican ngo-1815. Eminyakeni eyi-75 eyalandela yabuye futhi yaba into eyimfihlo, eyayifihlwe iVatican.
UKonstantin von Tischendorf, omunye wezazi zezwe ezinkulu kakhulu zemibhalo yesandla, wavunyelwa ukuba afunde lombhalo wesandla ngo-1843 isikhathi esingaba amahora ayisithupha nje kuphela, ngemva kokuba elindiswe izinyanga eziningi. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, isazi esiyiNgisi uDkt. S. P. Tregelles, wavunyelwa ukuba ayibone icodex kodwa angayifundi. Wathi: “Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngangiyibona njalo iMS., kodwa babengangivumeli ukuba ngiyisebenzise; futhi babengangivumeli ngisho nokuthi ngiyivule bengangiseshanga, bangiphuca ipeni, uyinki, nephepha; futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amaprelati [abapristi] amabili ayengigcina ngimatasa ngengxoxo yesiLatin, futhi uma ngibheka ingxenye ethile isikhathi eside, babehlwitha incwadi esandleni sami.”
Kungani isonto lamaRoma Katolika lalingafuni kangaka ukubonisa izwe umbhalo walo wesandla ongabalulekile?
Kungani Yayifihliwe?
ESontweni lamaRoma Katolika, inguqulo okuthiwa iLatin Vulgate yemibhalo engcwele isalokhu “iyincwadi yalo ebaluleke kakhulu.” Ngokwencwadi eyayibhalwe upapa iya kubaBhishobhi iDivino Afflante Spiritu kaPius XII, eyabhalwa ngonyaka ka-1943, lenguqulo yesiLatin yekhulu lesine leminyaka eyabhalwa uJerome isalokhu ibhekwa “njengevikeleke ngokuphelele ekubeni ibe nephutha ezindabeni zokholo nezokuziphatha.” Kuthiwani ngemibhalo yesiHeberu neyesiGreki leVulgate eyahunyushwa isuselwa kuyo? Incwadi kapapa ithi, ibalulekile ‘ukuze kuvunyelaniswe’ igunya leVulgate. Ngakho noma yimuphi umbhalo wesandla wesiGreki, ngisho neCodex yaseVatican, ayikaze icatshangelwe njengegunyazwe njengeVulgate yesiLatin. Lokhu kuma okuthathwe iSonto lamaRoma Katolika ngokuzenzakalelayo kuye kwadala izinkinga.
Ngokwesibonelo, lapho isazi sekhulu le-16 leminyaka uErasmus sihumusha ‘iTestamente laso Elisha’ lesiGreki, sanxusa izikhulu zeCodex yaseVatican ukuba zisuse amagama angafanele ku-1 Johane isahluko 5, amavesi 7 no-8. UErasmus wayeqinisile, kodwa noma kunjalo ngasekupheleni kuka-1897 uPapa Leo XIII wasekela umbhalo wesiLatin owonakele weVulgate. Kusekukhishweni nje kwezinguqulo zesimanje zamaRoma Katolika lapho leliphutha liye laphawulwa khona.
Lapho iCodex Sinaiticus yembulelwa izwe engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu le-19 leminyaka, kwaba sobala ezikhulwini zamaRoma Katolika ukuthi iCodex Vaticanus yazo yayisengozini yokuba ifiphazwe. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, amakhophi amahle ezithombe atholakala ekugcineni.
Lombhalo wesandla unamakhasi ayi-759. Ayinawo amakhasi amaningi kaGenesise, amanye amaHubo, nezingxenye zokuphetha zemibhalo yamaKristu YesiGreki. Ubhalwe ngendlela engesiyo inkimbinkimbi engeyeqophelo eliphezulu esikhunjeni esibushelelezi kakhulu, esincane, okucatshangelwa ukuthi sivela ezikhunjeni zezinyamazane. Igama lawo elingokomthetho iCodex B, futhi ungabonwa namuhla eVatican Library. Awusafihliwe, futhi ukubaluleka kwawo ekugcineni kuyaqondwa futhi kuyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
[Isithombe ekhasini 31]
ICodex Vaticanus 1209 ebalulekile yafihlwa iVatican amakhulu amaningi eminyaka
[Umthombo]
Facsimile from Codices E Vaticanis Selecti