Inani Labantu Emhlabeni—Kuthiwani Ngekusasa?
IZINDLU ezingamafuku, izimo ezingenampilo, ukuntuleka kokudla namanzi ahlanzekile, izifo, ukungondleki kahle—lobu nobunye ubunzima obuningi buyinto eyenzeka nsuku zonke ekuphileni kwengxenye enkulu yenani labantu emhlabeni. Nokho, njengoba siye sabona, abantu abaningi abahlala ngaphansi kwalezozimo bayakwazi ngandlela-thile ukubhekana nazo futhi baqhubeke nokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Nokho, kuthiwani ngekusasa? Ingabe abantu kuyomelwe baqhubeke bekhuthazelela izinto ezinjalo ezenzeka ekuphileni ezibuhlungu phakade? Okwenza izinto zibe inkimbinkimbi, kuthiwani ngenhlekelele nosizi izazi zesayensi yendawo ezungezile nabanye abakubikezelayo njengomphumela wokwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani labantu? Basitshela ukuthi sonakalisa indawo esihlala kuyo ngokungcolisa umoya, amanzi, nomhlabathi esithembele kukho. Bakhomba futhi ekushiseni okubabazekayo, ukukhishwa kwamagesi, njengesikhutha, imethane, amachlorofluorocarbon (iziqandisi nezinto ezakha amagwebu), okuyophumela ekushiseni komoya nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu sembulunga yonke, kube nemiphumela ebhubhisayo. Ingabe lokhu ekugcineni kuyoletha ukunyamalala kwempucuko ngendlela esiyazi ngayo? Ake sihlole ngokuseduze ngokwengeziwe izici ezimbalwa eziyisihluthulelo.
Ingabe Abantu Baningi Kakhulu?
Okokuqala nje, ingabe inani labantu emhlabeni liyoqhubeka landa phakade? Ingabe kukhona okubonisa ukuthi liyohamba ibanga elingakanani? Yebo, yiqiniso lokuthi inani labantu emhlabeni liyanda naphezu kwemizamo yokuhlelwa kwemindeni. Ukwanda kwaminyaka yonke manje cishe kuyizigidi ezingu-90 (okulingana nenye iMexico minyaka yonke). Kubonakala sengathi alikho ithemba lamanje lokukunqanda. Nokho, uma sibheka phambili, izazi eziningi zenani labantu ziyavuma ukuthi inani labantu ekugcineni liyokuma. Umbuzo osengqondweni yabo owokuthi kuliphi izinga futhi nini.
Ngokokulinganisela kwePopulation Fund yeUN, inani labantu emhlabeni lingase lifinyelele ezigidini zezigidi ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokuba lime. Nokho, abanye balinganisela ukuthi lingafinyelela enanini eliphakathi kwezigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-10 kuya ezigidini eziyizigidi ezingu-11. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi, imibuzo ebalulekile yilena: Ingabe kuyoba nabantu abaningi kakhulu? Ingabe umhlaba ungahlalisa inani labantu elisukela kweliphindeke kabili noma kathathu kwelanamuhla?
Ngokombono wezokubala, abantu abayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-14 emhlabeni wonke bangafinyelela esilinganisweni sabantu abangu-104 kulelo nalelokhilomitha-skwele. Njengoba siye sabona, ukuminyana kwabantu eHong Kong kungabantu abangu-5 592 kulelo nalelokhilomitha-skwele. Njengamanje, ukuminyana kwabantu eNetherlands kungabantu abangu-430, kuyilapho eJapane kungabantu abangu-327, futhi lawa amazwe anamazinga okuphila okungaphezu kokusesilinganisweni. Ngokusobala, ngisho noma inani labantu emhlabeni belingakhula ngezinga elibikezelwe, inani labantu aliyona inkinga.
Ingabe Kuyoba Nokudla Okwanele?
Khona-ke, kuthiwani ngesilinganiso sokudla? Ingabe umhlaba ungakhiqiza okwanele kokusuthisa abantu abayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-10 noma abayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-14? Ngokusobala, umkhiqizo wezwe wanamuhla wokudla awanele ukuba unakekele inani elingako labantu. Eqinisweni, sivame ukuzwa ngendlala, ukungondleki kahle, nokulamba. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi asikhiqizi ukudla okwanele kokunakekela inani labantu manje, ingasaphathwa eyenani eliphindeke kabili noma kathathu ngokwengeziwe?
Lowo umbuzo okunzima ukuwuphendula ngenxa yokuthi uxhomeke kulokho okushiwoyo ngokuthi “kwanele.” Nakuba amakhulu ezigidi zabantu emazweni ampofu kakhulu omhlaba engenakukwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele ukuze aqhubeke ethola ngisho nokudla okuncane, okunempilo, abantu emazweni acebile, athuthukile bahlushwa imiphumela yokudla okunothe ngokweqile—ukufa uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, njalonjalo. Lokhu kusithinta kanjani isimo sokudla? Ngokokunye ukubala, kudinga amakhilogremu ayisihlanu okudla okusanhlamvu ukuze kukhiqizwe ikhilogremu elilodwa lenyama yenkomo. Ngenxa yalokho, isigamu sesine senani labantu abadla inyama emhlabeni sidla cishe ingxenye yomkhiqizo womhlaba wokudla okusanhlamvu.
Ngokuqondene nenani lilonke lokudla okukhiqizwayo, phawula lokho incwadi ethi Bread for the World ekushoyo: “Uma umkhiqizo womhlaba wokudla wamanje wabiwa ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abantu bomhlaba, kungasaphazwa lutho, bonke abantu bebengaba nokwanele. Mhlawumbe okunganele kakhulu, kodwa okwanele.” Lawomazwi ashiwo ngo-1975, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-15 edlule. Siyini isimo namuhla? NgokweWorld Resources Institute, “emashumini eminyaka amabili adlule, ingqikithi yomkhiqizo wezwe wokudla yanda, yedlula isidingo. Ngenxa yalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, amanani okudla okuyinhloko okusetshenziswa njalo ezimakethe zezizwe zonke ehla ngempela.” Okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi amanani okudla okusetshenziswa njalo njengerayisi, umbila, ubhontshisi, nokunye ukudla okusanhlamvu ehla ngengxenye noma ngaphezulu ngaleyonkathi.
Konke lokhu ngokuyisisekelo kusho ukuthi inkinga yokudla ayixhomekanga kakhulu kangako enanini elikhiqizwayo njengasezingeni nasemikhubeni yokudla. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bezici zofuzo buye bathola izindlela zokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zerayisi, ukolweni, nokunye ukudla okusanhlamvu ezingawuphinda kabili umkhiqizo wanamuhla. Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi kulomkhakha bagxile ezilimweni ezithengwa kakhulu, njengogwayi notamatisi, ukuze banelise ukuhaha kwabacebile kunokugcwalisa izisu zabampofu.
Kuthiwani Ngendawo Ezungezile?
Labo abacabangela lendaba ngokunakekela bakuqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukwanda kwenani labantu kumane nje kungesisodwa sezici ezisongela inhlala-kahle yesintu yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini yabo iPopulation Explosion, uPaul noAnne Ehrlich bahlongoza ukuthi umphumela womsebenzi womuntu endaweni yethu ezungezile ungaboniswa ngalesibalo esilula: Umphumela = inani labantu × izinga lokuceba × umphumela wezobuchwepheshe bamanje endaweni ezungezile.
Ngalesimiso, abalobi baphikisa ngokuthi amazwe anjengeUnited States anabantu abaningi ngokweqile, hhayi ngenxa yokuthi anabantu abaningi kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izinga lawo lokuceba lixhomeke esilinganisweni esiphakeme sokudliwa kwemicebo engokwemvelo nakwezobuchwepheshe eziyilimaza kakhulu indawo ezungezile.
Okunye ukuhlola okuningi kubonakala kukuqinisekisa lokhu. INew York Times icaphuna isazi sezomnotho uDaniel Hamermesh sithi ‘izinto ezikhishelwa emoyeni ezibangela ukushisa okubabazekayo zihlobene kakhulu ngokwengeziwe nezinga lomsebenzi wezomnotho kunasenanini lezinto ezikubangelayo. Umuntu waseMelika ovamile ukhipha isikhutha esiphindwe ka-19 kunomuntu ovamile waseIndia. Futhi kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, iBrazil echumayo ngokwezimali enenani labantu elikhula kancane kancane ibingashisa amahlathi ayo asezindaweni ezishisayo ngokushesha kakhulu ukwedlula iBrazil ekhungethwe ubumpofu enokwanda okusheshayo kwenani labantu.’
Eveza iphuzu elifanayo ngokuyisisekelo, uAlan Durning weWorldwatch Institute uyaphawula: “Abantu abayizigidi eziyisigidi abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni baye badala uhlobo oluthile lwempucuko ehaha nesaphaza kangangokuthi iplanethi lisengozini. Indlela yokuphila yaleliqembu eliphambili—abashayeli bezimoto, abadla inyama yenkomo, abaphuzi bakanemenayidi, nabathengi bezinto ezisetshenziswa bese zilahlwa—bawusongo olungenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yini ngobukhulu endaweni ezungezile ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, kokwanda kwenani labantu.” Uveza ukuthi “lengxenye yesihlanu ecebe kakhulu” yesintu ikhiqiza cishe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi zamachlorofluorocarbon nangaphezu kwengxenye yamanye amagesi abangela ukushisa okubabazekayo asongela indawo ezungezile.
Inkinga Yangempela
Engxoxweni engenhla, kuba sobala ukuthi ukusola ukwanda kwenani labantu kukodwa njengokubangela izinsizi ezibhekene nesintu namuhla kuwukulahlekelwa iphuzu langempela. Inkinga ebhekene nathi ayikhona ukuthi siphelelwa indawo yokuhlala noma umhlaba awukwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla okwanele ukuze kube nokudla okunempilo kubo bonke noma ukuthi yonke imicebo engokwemvelo iyosetshenziswa iphele nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngokushesha. Lezi kumane nje kuyizimpawu. Inkinga yangempela iwukuthi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme ngokwengeziwe lokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela yezenzo zabo. Lesifiso esinganeliseki sokuthola okwengeziwe siyibhubhisa kakhulu indawo yethu ezungezile kangangokuthi amandla omhlaba okusekela izinto eziphila kuwo adlulwa ngokushesha. Ngamanye amazwi, inkinga eyisisekelo ayikho kangako enanini kodwa isohlotsheni lwesintu.
Umlobi uAlan Durning ukubeka ngalendlela: “Endaweni okuphilwa kuyo entekenteke, inhlekelele yokugcina yesintu ingase ixhomeke ekutheni singawuhlakulela yini umqondo ojule ngokwengeziwe wokuzithiba, osekelwe esimisweni sokuhle esisakazeke kabanzi sokulinganisela okusetshenziswayo nokuthola ukucetshiswa okungekhona okwezinto ezibonakalayo.” Leliphuzu lisekelwe kahle, kodwa umbuzo kumelwe ubuzwe, Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba abantu kuyo yonke indawo bakuhlakulele ngokuzithandela ukuzithiba, balinganisele okusetshenziswayo, futhi baphishekele ukucetshiswa okungekhona okwezinto ezibonakalayo? Lutho neze. Uma kubhekwa ukuzitika nendlela yokuphila yokuzitika ngenjabulo evame kangaka namuhla, okuphambene yikhona okungenzeka ngokwengeziwe. Abantu abaningi namuhla babonakala bephila ngalesiqubulo: “Masidle, siphuze, ngokuba ngomuso sizakufa.”—1 Korinte 15:32.
Ngisho nakuba abantu abanele bebengasanguluka babone amaqiniso futhi baqalise ukushintsha indlela yabo yokuphila, besisayolokhu singakwazi ukuguqula izinto nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngokushesha. Ake ubheke amaqembu amaningi abashisekeli bendawo ezungezile nezinye izindlela zokuphila eziye zavela eminyakeni edlule. Amanye awo kungenzeka ukuthi aye aphumelela ekuphumeni emakhasini aphambili kumaphephandaba, kodwa ingabe aba nomphumela wangempela ezindleleni zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphakathi wesimanje? Lutho neze. Iyini inkinga? Iwukuthi sonke isimiso—sezomnotho, sezempucuko, nesingokwezombangazwe—siphokophele ekuthuthukiseni umqondo ogxilile wokuthi izinto ziphelelwa isikhathi nokuthengwa kwezinto ezilahlwayo. Kulomongo ngeke lube khona ushintsho ngaphandle kokwakhisisa kabusha kusukela phansi esisekelweni. Futhi lokho kudinga ukufundiswa kabusha okukhulu.
Ingabe Likhona Ikusasa Eliqhakazile?
Isimo singase sifaniswe nesomkhaya ohlala endlini enefenisha nenazo zonke izinto elungiselelwe ngumuntu othile ophanayo. Ukuze awenze uzizwe usekhaya ngokuphelele, uwunikeza imvume yokusebenzisa zonke izinto ezisendlini ngokubona kwawo. Yini ebingenzeka uma umkhaya uqala ukulimaza ifenisha, ukudabula okuphansi, ukuphahlaza amafasitela, ugxishe amapayipi okukhuculula indle, usebenzise izinto eziningi ezingenakuthwalwa amandla kagesi—kafushane, usongele ukubhubhisa indlu ngokuphelele? Ingabe umnikazi ubeyomane abukele nje angenzi lutho? Ubengeke neze. Ngokungangabazeki ubeyothatha isinyathelo sokususa abaqashi ababhubhisayo endaweni yakhe abe eseyibuyisela esimweni sayo esifanelekile. Akekho obengathi isinyathelo esinjalo asithetheleleki.
Khona-ke, kuthiwani ngomkhaya wesintu? Asifani yini nabaqashi abahlala endlini enefenisha enhle nenezinto eziphakeme elungiselelwe uMdali, uJehova uNkulunkulu? Yebo, sifana nabo, ngoba njengoba umhubi ekubeka: “Umhlaba ungokaJehova nokugcwala kwawo, izwe nabakhileyo kulo.” (IHubo 24:1; 50:12) UNkulunkulu akasilungiselelanga nje kuphela zonke izidingo ezenza ukuphila kube nokwenzeka—ukukhanya, umoya, amanzi, nokudla—kodwa futhi uye wazilungiselela ngobuningi nangokuhlukahluka ukuze enze ukuphila kujabulise. Nokho, njengabaqashi, isintu siye saziphatha kanjani? Ngeshwa, asiziphathanga kahle kakhulu. Silibhubhisa ngokoqobo lelikhaya elihle esihlala kulo. Umnikazi, uJehova uNkulunkulu, uyokwenzani ngakho?
‘Ukubhubhisa ababhubhisa umhlaba’—yilokho uNkulunkulu ayokwenza! (IsAmbulo 11:18) Futhi uyokwenza kanjani? IBhayibheli liyaphendula: “Ezinsukwini zalawomakhosi uNkulunkulu wasezulwini uyakumisa umbuso ongasoze wachithwa nobukhosi bawo bungayikushiyelwa kwabanye abantu, kepha uyakuchoboza, uqede yonke lemibuso wona uqobo ume phakade.”—Daniyeli 2:44.
Yini esingayilindela ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso kaNkulunkulu ohlala kuze kube phakade? Ngamazwi omprofethi uIsaya, sinikezwa umbono kusengaphambili walokho okuyokuza:
“Bayakwakha izindlu, bahlale kuzo; bayakutshala izivini, badle izithelo zazo. Abayikwakha, kuhlale omunye; abayikutshala, kudle omunye, ngokuba izinsuku zabantu bami ziyakuba-njengezinsuku zomuthi, nomsebenzi wezandla zabakhethiweyo bami uyakugugela kubo. Abayikushikashikela ize, bazalele izinhlupheko, ngokuba bayinzalo yababusisiweyo bakaJehova, nabantwana babo bayakuba-nabo.”—Isaya 65:21-23.
Yeka ikusasa eliqhakazile okuyilo ngesintu! Kulelozwe elisha elenziwe uNkulunkulu, isintu ngeke sisahlushwa izinkinga zezindlu, ukudla, amanzi, impilo, nokunganakwa. Ekugcineni, isintu esilalelayo, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaNkulunkulu, siyokwazi ukugcwalisa umhlaba siwunqobe, ngaphandle kwanoma ikuphi ukusongela kwabantu abaningi ngokweqile.—Genesise 1:28.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 13]
Kungani Ukudla Kuvame Ukubiza?
Ngisho nakuba izindleko zangempela zokudla bezehla, okubonwa yibo bonke ukuthi amanani okudla ayanyuka. Ngani? Esinye isizathu esilula siwukuthuthela emadolobheni. Ukuze kusuthiswe izixuku ezisemadolobheni omhlaba akhula njalo, ukudla kumelwe kuthuthwe amabanga amade. Ngokwesibonelo, eUnited States “ukudla nje okungangena emlonyeni kuhamba [amakhilomitha angu-2 100] kusuka ensimini yasepulazini kuya esitsheni sokudla kwasemini,” kusho okunye ukuhlola kweWorldwatch. Umthengi kumelwe angakhokheli nje kuphela ukudla kodwa futhi nezindleko ezicashile zokukulungisa, ukukupakisha, nokukuthutha.
[Umdwebo ekhasini 10]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Umoya osemkhathini womhlaba uvalela ukushisa kwelanga. Kodwa ukushisa okudalekayo—okuthwalwa imisebe yokushisa—akuphunyuki kalula ngenxa yamagesi abangela ukushisa okubabazekayo, ngaleyondlela kunezele ekushiseni kobuso komhlaba
Amagesi abangela ukushisa okubabazekayo
Imisebe ephunyukayo
Imisebe yokushisa evalelekile
[Izithombe ekhasini 12]
Kudinga amakhilogremu ayisihlanu okudla okusanhlamvu ukuze kukhiqizwe ikhilogremu elilodwa lenyama yenkomo. Ngaleyondlela, isigamu sesine senani labantu abadla inyama emhlabeni sidla cishe ingxenye yomkhiqizo womhlaba wokudla okusanhlamvu