Imibuzo Evela Kubafundi

▪ Ingabe oFakazi BakaJehova bayakuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwegazi elikhishwe kubo (ukumpontshelwa ngegazi lakho siqu), njengokuthi igazi labo ngokwabo ligcinwe kuthi kamuva liphindiselwe kubo?

Abezokwelapha ngokuvamile benza umehluko phakathi kwegazi eliphuma komunye umuntu (homologous blood) negazi elivela esigulini ngokwaso (autologous blood). Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova abalamukeli igazi labanye abantu. Kodwa kuthiwani ngokusebenzisa igazi lesiguli ngokwaso (autologous), okuyigama elisetshenziswayo ngokuqondene nezinqubo eziningana?

Ezinye zalezozinqubo azamukeleki kumaKristu ngenxa yokuthi zingqubuzana ngokucacile neBhayibheli, kodwa ezinye ziphakamisa imibuzo. Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi kubhalwa iBhayibheli, ukumpontshelwa nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwegazi kwezokwelapha kwakungaziwa. Kodwa uNkulunkulu wanikeza iziyalezo ezisiza izinceku zakhe ukuba zinqume ukuthi izinqubo ezithile zokwelapha ezihilela igazi ziyamjabulisa yini noma cha.

Isinqumo sikaNkulunkulu siwukuthi igazi limelela ukuphila ngakho-ke lingcwele. Wayala ukuba kungabikho muntu osindisa ukuphila kwakhe ngokwamukela igazi. Ngokwesibonelo, uNkulunkulu wathi: “Zonke izilwane eziphilayo ziyakubangukudla kwenu; . . . Kepha inyama okukuyo umphefumulo wayo okungukuthi, igazi layo, aniyikuyidla.” (Genesise 9:3, 4; Levitikusi 7:26, 27) NgokoMniki-kuphila, okuwukuphela kwendlela eyamukelekile yokusetshenziswa kwegazi kwakusemhlatshelweni: “Ngokuba umphefumulo womzimba usegazini; ngimnike lona ealtare ukwenzela imiphefumulo yenu ukubuyisana, lokhu kuyigazi elenza ukubuyisana ngomphefumulo. Ngalokho ngathi kubantwana bakwaIsrayeli: Makungabikho-muntu kini odla igazi.”—Levitikusi 17:11, 12.

Nakuba amaKristu engekho ngaphansi koMthetho kaMose, iBhayibheli lithi ‘kuyimfuneko’ ngathi ukuba ‘siyeke igazi; silibheke njengelingcwele. (IzEnzo 15:28, 29) Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba imihlatshelo ngaphansi koMthetho yafanekisela igazi likaKristu, indlela kaNkulunkulu esingazuza ngayo ukuphila okuphakade.—Heberu 9:11-15, 22.

Lalizophathwa kanjani igazi ngaphansi koMthetho uma lingasetshenziselwa umhlatshelo? Sifunda ukuthi lapho umzingeli ebulele inyamazane edliwayo, “makachithe igazi layo, alisibekele ngothuli.” (Levitikusi 17:13, 14; Duteronomi 12:22-24) Ngakho igazi lalingenakusetshenziselwa ukondliwa komzimba noma ngenye indlela. Uma likhishwe esidalweni futhi lingasetshenziselwa umhlatshelo kwakufanele lichithelwe emhlabeni, oyisenabelo sezinyawo zikaNkulunkulu.—Isaya 66:1; qhathanisa noHezekeli 24:7, 8.

Ngokucacile lokhu kunqabela ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwegazi elikhishwe esigulini ngokwaso­--ukuqoqwa kwegazi lesiguli ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukugcinwa, kamuva ukumpontshelwa kwalo kuso. Enqubweni enjalo, nakhu okwenziwayo: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okungaphuthumi, inani elithile lalo lonke igazi lomuntu liyagcinwa, noma izinhlayiya ezibomvu ziyahlukaniswa, futhi zigcinwe endaweni ebandayo. Khonake, uma kubonakala sengathi isiguli sidinga igazi phakathi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa, igazi laso ngokwaso eligciniwe lingabuyiselwa kuso. Ukukhathazeka okukhona ngezifo ezibangelwa yigazi kwenze ukusetshenziswa kwegazi lesiguli ngokwaso kwathandwa kakhulu. Nokho, oFakazi BakaJehova ABAYAMUKELI lenqubo. Sekuyisikhathi eside siqaphela ukuthi igazi elinjalo eligciniwe aliseyona ingxenye yomuntu. Liye lakhishwa kuye ngokuphelele, ngakho kufanele lichithwe ngokuvumelana noMthetho kaNkulunkulu: “Lithulule emhlabeni njengamanzi.”—Duteronomi 12:24.

Enqubweni ehlukile kancane, igazi lesiguli ngokwaso lingase liphambukiswe esigulini liyiswe emshinini ihemodialysis (inso yokwenziwa) noma emshinini omelela inhliziyo namaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Igazi liphuma ngepayipi liye esithweni sokwenziwa leso esiliphampa silisefe (noma silifake ioksijini), bese libuyela emgudwini wokujikeleza kwegazi wesiguli. Amanye amaKristu aye akuvumela lokhu uma umshini ungahlolwanga ngegazi eligciniwe. Aye abheka lelipayipi langaphandle njengesandiso somgudu wokujikeleza kwegazi ukuze igazi likwazi ukudlula kulesisitho sokwenziwa. Aye aba nomuzwa wokuthi igazi kulomjikelezo ovalekile laliseyingxenye yawo futhi akudingeki lithululwe.’a

Nokho, kuthiwani uma ukugeleza okunjalo kwegazi lesiguli ngokwaso kuma okwesikhashana, njengalapho umshini omelela inhliziyo namaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ucishiwe ngenkathi umhlinzi ehlola ukuqina kwemithambo exhunyiwe?

Eqinisweni, ukugcizelela kweBhayibheli akukho endabeni yokugeleza okunganqamukiyo. Ngisho nangaphandle kokuhlinzwa, inhliziyo yomuntu ingase ime okwesikhashana bese iqala ukusebenza futhi.b Umgudu wakhe wokujikeleza kwegazi akunakudingeka ukhishwe lonke igazi futhi lichithwe ngenxa nje yokuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kunqamukile lapho inhliziyo imile. Ngakho-ke, umKristu okumelwe anqume ukuthi uyakuvumela yini ukuba igazi lakhe liphambukiselwe emshinini othile ongaphandle noma cha kumelwe agxile, hhayi ekuphazamisekeni kwesikhashana kokuzungeza okungase kwenzeke, kodwa ekutheni ngokukanembeza unomuzwa wokuthi igazi eliphambukisiwe liseyingxenye yomgudu wakhe wokujikeleza kwegazi yini noma cha.—Galathiya 6:5.

Kuthiwani ngokwenziwa kwegazi libe uketshezi olulula? Abanye odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kunenzuzo ukuba igazi lesiguli libe uketshezi olulula phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Ngakho, lapho kuqala ukuhlinza, bafaka elinye igazi ezikhwameni zokugcina igazi ezingaphandle komzimba wesiguli futhi esikhundleni salo bafake uketshezi olungenagazi; kamuva, igazi liyadedelwa ezikhwameni liphindele esigulini. Njengoba amaKristu engavumi ukuba igazi lawo ligcinwe, abanye odokotela baye bashintshela kulenqubo, ngokuhlela umshini oxhunywe emgudwini oxhunywe nomgudu wokujikeleza kwegazi wesiguli ngokunganqamukiyo. Amanye amaKristu aye akwamukela lokhu, amanye akwenqaba. Futhi, umuntu ngamunye kumelwe anqume ukuthi uzocabangela igazi eliphambukiselwe emgudwini onjalo wegazi elenziwe uketshezi oluthambile njengelifana nalelo elijikeleza emshinini omelela inhliziyo/namaphaphu, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa yini, noma uzolicabangela njengegazi eliphume kuye ngakho-ke elifanele ukuchithwa.

Isibonelo sokugcina sokusetshenziswa kwegazi lesiguli ngokwaso sihilela ukuvikelwa kokulahleka kwegazi nokuphinde lisetshenziswe phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Kusetshenziswa umshini ukuba umunce igazi enxebeni, uliphampele ngaphandle ngesisefo (ukuze kususwe amahlule noma ukungcola) noma ngomshini wokuhlola ukujiya koketshezi (ukuze ukhiphe amanzi angafuneki), bese libuyiselwa esigulini. AmaKristu amaningi aye akhathazeka ngokuthi ekuvikeleni ukulahleka kwegazi okunjalo kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana ekuzungezeni kwalo. Nokho, njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukukhathalela okungokweBhayibheli kuwukuthi igazi elingena enxebeni lokuhlinzwa liseyiyo yini ingxenye yomuntu. Ingabe iqiniso lokuthi igazi lizungeze emgudwini wakhe wokujikeleza kwegazi laya enxebeni lisho ukuthi lifanele’lithululwe’ njengegazi eliphawulwe kuLevitikusi 17:13? Uma umuntu ekholelwa kanjalo, angase angakuvumeli ukuvikelwa kokulahleka kwegazi okunjalo. Nokho, omunye umKristu (ngokufanayo ongenakuvuma ukuba igazi liphume kuye, ligcinwe isikhathi esithile,futhi kamuva libuyiselwe kuye) angase aphethe ngokuthi umgudu onomshini wokuvikela ukulahleka kwegazi endaweni ehlinzwayo nokufakwa kwalelogazi emzimbeni ngokunganqamuki awunakuwulimaza unembeza wakhe oqeqeshiwe.

Njengoba singabona, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezandayo zemishini noma ubuchwepheshe obuhilela igazi lesiguli ngokwaso. Asinakukwazi futhi akufanele sizame ukukhulumela noma yiluphi uhlobo. Lapho ebhekene nombuzo kulokhu, umKristu ngamunye unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthola imininingwane kwabezokwelapha abese enza isinqumo sakhe siqu.

Nakuba lapha sekuye kwashiwo okuningi mayelana nezici zezokwelapha, okubaluleke kakhulu izimpikiswano ezingokwenkolo. Njengoba umKristu exazulula noma yikuphi ukungabaza noma imibuzo mayelana nezinqubo zokwelapha ezihilela igazi, okufanele kubuse isinqumo sakhe kufanele kube ukuthi ubonisa ukholo, uhlonipha umyalo kaNkulunkulu wokuba’niyeke igazi; nokuthi ulondoloza unembeza omuhle. Ngani? Ngoba indlela ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphila okungasindiswa ngayo ayiyona eyesayensi yezokwelapha kodwa amandla asindisayo egazi likaKristu. Umphostoli uPawulu wabhala: “Esinokuhlengwa kuye ngegazi lakhe.” (Efesu 1:7; IsAmbulo 7:14, 17) Nakuba ezokwelapha zanamuhla zingase zisisize ukuba sandise ukuphila kwethu okwesikhashana, ngokuqinisekile asinakufuna ukwandisa ukuphila kwethu kwamanje ngokwenza noma yini engalimaza unembeza wethu wobuKristu noma engase ingamjabulisi uMniki-kuphila wethu.—Mathewu 16:25; 1 Thimothewu 1:18, 19.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Isithombe ekhasini 31]

Ngokusebenzisa umshini omelela inhliziyo namaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuhlinza, lomgudu uhlanganisa: (1) ithumbu elixhunywe nomgudu wemithambo wesiguli; (2) iphampu yokuvikela ukulahleka kwegazi; (3) umshini ofaka ioksijini egazini; (4) isisefo segazi esiyi”hollowfiber”; (5) i”main roller pump”; (6) ithumbu eliphindisela igazi emgudwini wokujikeleza kwegazi lesiguli