Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ubudlova Buyanda

Kulabo abanomuzwa wokuthi imidlalo enjengesibhakela noma imiqhudelwano yobuciko bokulwa ayinabudlova obanele, abagqugquzeli base-United States sebevele nenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi “ukulwa okuwujuqu.” Ngokombiko we-New York Times, lokhu kulula: “Amadoda amabili ashayana kuze kube yilapho enye yawo icela umaluju noma iquleka.” Awafaki amagilavu okwenza amagalelo angabi nzima; ayikho imizuliswano noma amakhefu; ayikho imithetho ngaphandle kokwenqatshelwa kokulumana noma ukukhiphana amehlo. Abalwayo basebenzisa amasu esibhakela, i-judo, i-karate, umdlalo we-wrestling, noma ukulwa kwasemgwaqweni—ngokuvamile okubangela ukuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu. Lemiqhudelwano yenzelwa phambi kwezihlwele eziklabalasayo, ezikhokha imali yamathikithi engafinyelela ku-$200 (R700); lezi zimpi ziyathandwa naseziteshini ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo nasemakhasethini e-video aqashiswayo. Nokho, izifundazwe eziningi sezizivimbele kakade lezi zenzakalo.

Umsebenzi Owengeziwe Wabesifazane

Ingabe amadoda nabesifazane benza umsebenzi wasekhaya olinganayo? Akunjalo ngokokuhlola okwenziwa i-German Federal Office of Statistics. Izazi zezomnotho uNorbert Schwarz noDieter Schäfer zacela imikhaya engu-7200 ukuba ihlaziye futhi ibike isikhathi esichitha yenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Lokhu kuhlola kwahlanganisa imisebenzi enjengokugeza izitsha, ukuyothenga, ukunakekela izihlobo ezigulayo, nokukhanda imoto. “Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayasebenza noma cha, abesifazane bachitha isikhathi esiphindwe cishe kabili kunamadoda benza umsebenzi ongakhokhelwa,” kubika i-Süddeutsche Zeitung.

Inkolo Kuyi-“cyberspace”

Labo abasebenzisa i-computer ukuze bahlole i-“cyberspace,” izinxanxathela zama-computer anokwaziswa okuxhunyanisiwe, banokuningi abangakukhetha emkhakheni wenkolo kulezi zinsuku. I-World Wide Web manje ine-Mary Page, lapho abafuna ukwazi bengathola khona izimpendulo zemibuzo eyishumi ebuzwa kakhulu ngeNcasakazi uMariya, njengokuthi kungani ngaso sonke isikhathi ivezwa igqoke izingubo ezithanda ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-Amish, agwema ubuchwepheshe obunjengogesi, amelelwe isici esibizwa ngokuthi i-Ask the Amish. Anikezwa imibuzo enyathelisiwe, ayiphendule ngokubhala phansi, bese izimpendulo zidluliswa nge-computer—kusetshenziswa umxhumanisi. I-Christian Century iphawula ukuthi manje “kunendawo” kuyi-Internet ebizwa ngokuthi i-Confession Booth, lapho umpristi osemshinini ebuza khona ukuthi, “Yini ofisa ukuyivuma?” Umusho olandelayo unezimpendulo eziningi ongakhetha kuzo. “Ngenze isono esilandelayo: (Ukubulala) (Ukuphinga) (Ubuvila) (Inkanuko) (Ukuhahela Ingcebo) (Ukukhohlisa) (Ukuminza) (Ukuqhosha) (Intukuthelo) (Umhawu) (Ukuhluleka Ukuhlela Izinto Eziza Kuqala).”

Imbali Enkulukazi, Enephunga Elibi Ngempela

Imbali enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyindalo eyinqaba ngempela. Njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi i-rafflesia, ilingana cishe nesondo lebhasi futhi ukuze iqhakaze kuthatha isikhathi esilingana nesithathwa umuntu ukuba azalwe. Ubukhulu bayo abusona kuphela isizathu esingenza ukuba lembali ingafaneleki esixheni sezimbali. Inephunga elibi. Ukuze idonse izimpukane zokuyilethela impova, i-rafflesia inuka njengenyama ebolile. Esikhathini esidlule abantu baseMalaysia abahlala emahlathini emvula lapho i-rafflesia ikhula khona babeyibiza ngokuthi isitsha sikadeveli futhi bayigence ngokushesha. Nokho, ngokwe-South China Morning Post, ipaki likahulumeni waseMalaysia iKinabalu liye lathatha isinyathelo sokuvikela lembali eyivelakancane ukuze ososayensi bakwazi ukuqhubeka beyihlola. Izakhamuzi zendawo sezithola imali eyengeziwe ngokuqondisa izivakashi ehlathini ukuze ziyothwebula ama-rafflesia. Ngokungangabazeki, eziningi azisondeli eduze.

ILourdes Yase-Italy?

Edolobheni lase-Italy iCivitavecchia, kuthiwa isithombe sikaMadonna sikhale izinyembezi zegazi muva nje, okwabangela ukuthutheleka kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zezibukeli ezinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi nabantu abahambela ezindaweni ezingcwele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu umphathi-dolobha, uPietro Tidei, othi akalona ikholwa, waya eFrance nombhishobhi wamaKatolika. Bavakashela idolobha elidumile laseLourdes, elaziwa ngethempeli lalo lamaKatolika lapho kuthiwa kwenzeka khona “izimangaliso.” Lokhu kwakungekhona ukuhambela endaweni engcwele. Kunalokho, injongo yako kwakuwukuhlola “isimangaliso esingokomnotho” saseLourdes, ngokusobala ukuze bathole imibono yokuthi iCivitavecchia ingahlelwa futhi iphathwe kanjani njengendawo eletha ingcebo ngendlela efanayo yabantu ababuka amazwe nabahambela izindawo ezingcwele.

“Impi Engcwele” YaseBrazil

Muva nje umfundisi weSonto LikaMoya eBrazil usungule lokho imithombo yezindaba yezwe eye yakubiza ngokuthi impi engcwele. Ohlelweni lwe-TV lwezwe lonke, lomfundisi, uSergio von Helde, wakulahla ukukhulekela izithombe kweSonto LamaKatolika. Ukuze acacise iphuzu lakhe, wabukisa ngesithombe sobumba seNkosazana Yethu Yase-Aparecida, isithombe esimnyama seNcasakazi uMariya, esiwusanta oxhasa amaKatolika aseBrazil angu-110 000 000. UVon Helde wabiza lesi sithombe ngokuthi “udoli omubi, ohlazisayo” kuyilapho esishaya futhi esikhahlela ngokuphindaphindiwe. Izinkulungwane zamaKatolika ziye zabhikisha, zithwele isithombe salosanta emigwaqweni. Izixuku eziklabalasayo, ezijikijela amatshe ziye zazungeza amanye amathempeli ehlelo leSonto LikaMoya likaVon Helde, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. UVon Helde, oye wahoxiswa esikhundleni sakhe umphathi waleli sonto kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, usola abezindaba ngokusakaza ngokuphindaphindiwe ifilimu lesenzo sakhe. Lomfundisi uthi: “I-TV Globo [isiteshi sethelevishini esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni] yangenza isilwane.”

Ukubulala Kwamaqembu Anqanda Ubugebengu

ENingizimu Afrika iqembu okwakusolwa ukuthi elabaphangi bezimoto lathathwa emakhaya isixuku esithukuthele, lagencwa labulawa, futhi lathelwa ngopende. Iphephandaba i-Saturday Star laphawula ukuthi ukwanda kwezenzakalo ezinjalo “kuwuphawu lomphakathi osuphelelwe ithemba emaphoyiseni futhi okhathazekile nobesabayo ubugebengu.” Nakuba bengazivuni izenzo ezinjalo, ochwepheshe bezobugebengu babheka isenzo sokupenda izisulu ngemva kokubulawa njengesiphawulekayo. Sasihloselwe ukuxwayisa abanye abangase babe izigebengu. Omunye uchwepheshe wezobugebengu waphawula: “Zonke izimpawu zibonisa ukuthi lesi simo asisalawuleki neze nokuthi umphakathi usulahlekelwe ikhono lawo lokwamukela ukuthi uhlaselwa izigebengu.”

Inkinga Ngama-condor Asemancane

I-condor yaseCalifornia—inyoni enkulu edla ingcuba ecishe yaqothulwa kuleli khulu leminyaka—ibabekela izinselele ezikhethekile abalondolozi bemvelo abazama ukukhulula ama-condor achanyuselwe endaweni evalekile. Lezi zinyoni, ezikhishwa zisencane, “zisesigabeni sokuphila sokuhlola yonke into, zisencane, futhi zifuna ukwazi,” kusho omunye umlondolozi wemvelo ocashunwe kuyi-New Scientist. Ukungabesabi abantu noma izintambo zikagesi kuye kwabulala eziningana noma kwanciphisa inkululeko yazo. Ngakho abalondolozi bemvelo baye basungula amacebo amasha okukhulisa amatshwele ama-condor. Basebenzisa amandla kagesi amancane ukuze bafundise lenyoni ukugwema izintambo zikagesi. Ukuze bayifundise ukuzonda abantu, bayayicashela i-condor, ngaphandle kwalapho ngezinye izikhathi idlanzana labantu libhozomela lenyoni, liyithumbe, futhi liyicindezele phansi ngomhlane. I-New Scientist iphawula ukuthi “ama-condor ayakuzonda lokhu,” futhi kanjalo afunda ukugwema abantu. Kuze kube manje leli cebo liye laphumelela ngokwezinga elithile.

Okucatshangelwayo Ngemfihlo Yomhubhe

Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zemivubukulo zizibuza ukuthi kungani umhubhe kaHezekiya, owambiwa phakathi nekhulu lesi-8 B.C.E. ukuze kutholakale amanzi eJerusalema lapho lihlaselwa amabutho ase-Asiriya, unomzila ongahlelekile, omazombezombe. Umzila oqondile, onqamulelayo wawuyodinga ukuba kumbiwe amamitha angu-320 kuphela, kunokuba kube amamitha angu-533 alomhubhe. Kwatholakala umbhalo oqoshiwe, obhalwe ngesiHeberu sasendulo, odongeni lwalomhubhe ngo-1880. Wachaza indlela amaqembu amabili ezisebenzi aqala ngayo ezinhlangothini ezibhekene zalomhubhe osemadwaleni futhi ahlangana phakathi. Lokhu kwaphakamisa omunye umbuzo wokuthi zakwazi kanjani ukwenza lokhu, uma kucatshangelwa umzila omazombezombe walomhubhe. Manje izazi zokuma komhlaba zinomuzwa wokuthi zinayo impendulo. NgokukaDan Gill we-Geological Survey of Israel, lezi zisebenzi zalandela futhi zavula imisele engokwemvelo ebangelwe amanzi ahamba edwaleni lapho kwavela khona imifantu ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba noma lapho kuhlangana khona izingqimba ezihlukene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lemifantu yayiba banzi kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, okungachaza ukuthi kungani ubude balomhubhe buhlukahluka kusuka emamitheni angu-1,7 kuya emamitheni angafinyelela kwamahlanu nokuthi kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuthi izisebenzi, zisebenzisa izibani zamafutha, zithole umoya owanele. Lezi zisebenzi zazinekhono futhi, ngoba ukuphumelela kwalomhubhe kwakuxhomeke ekubeni nomthambeka omncane—ongamasentimitha nje angu-31,75 kuwo wonke umzila.