Ukuhlolisisa Uhulumeni

Ingxenye 8—Ingxubevange Engokombangazwe Yensimbi Nobumba Oluthambile

Ubuzwe: umuzwa wokuziqaphela kwezizwe ophakamisa esinye isizwe ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye nobeka ukuthuthukiswa kwempucuko nezithakazelo zaso ngaphezu kwalezo zezinye; umqondo owaba sobala okokuqala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 leminyaka kodwa oye wafinyelela umvuthwandaba wawo ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka.

OHULUMENI babantu bayahluleka ukuletha ukusimama emphakathini wesintu, beshaqeka ngokungenakuzisiza ukusuka kolunye usizi beya kolunye. NgokukaZbigniew Brzezinski, umeluleki wokulondeka kwesizwe walowo owayengumongameli waseU.S. uJimmy Carter, lesimo asinakuguquka ngokushesha.

Intatheli uGeorgie Anne Geyer yakhulumisana noBrzezinski nabanye abaholi bezwe lapho ilungiselela isihloko esakhishwa ngo-1985 esasithi “Izwe Lethu Elihlukanayo.” Kuso yacaphuna ukuthi uBrzezinski wathi: “Izici eziyimbangela yokuntengantenga kwezizwe zonke ziyasizakala ngokomlando ngezici ezisebenzela ukubambisana okuhleleke ngokwengeziwe. Isiphetho esingagwemeki sanoma yikuphi ukuhlaziywa okuzimele kokuthambekela kwembulunga yonke ukuthi isiyaluyalu sezenhlalo, udlame lwezombangazwe, izinkinga zezomnotho, nokungezwani kwezizwe zonke ngokunokwenzeka kuzosakazeka kabanzi ngokwengeziwe phakathi nesikhathi esisele salelikhulu leminyaka.”

Kuyisibikezelo esingenathemba ngempela kodwa esingabamangazi abafundi beBhayibheli. Sona kanye lesimo sabikezelwa kudala. Nini? Kuphi?

Ukhathazwa Yiphupho

Kusukela ngo-624 kuya ku-582 B.C.E., uNebukadinesari, inkosi yaseBabiloni wayekhathazwa iphupho. Kulo wayebone isithombe esikhulu esinekhanda legolide, isifuba nezingalo kuyisiliva, isisu namathanga kuyithusi, imilenze iyinsimbi, izinyawo nezinzwane ziyinsimbi ihlanganiswe nobumba. Umprofethi kaNkulunkulu uDaniyeli wachazela uNebukadinesari okushiwo yilesithombe, emtshela: “Wena-nkosi . . . uyikhanda legolide. Emva kwakho kuyakuvuka omunye umbuso omncane kunawe, nomunye umbuso wesithathu wethusi oyakubusa emhlabeni wonke.” Ngakho, ngokusobala, lesithombe sasiphathelene nohulumeni wabantu.—Daniyeli 2:37-39.

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sikaDaniyeli, kokubili iGibithe neAsiriya kwakucindezele amaIsrayeli, abantu abakhethiwe boMlobi weBhayibheli. (Eksodusi 19:5) Emongweni weBhayibheli, lokhu kwayenza yaba imibuso yezwe, eqinisweni eyokuqala ohlwini lweyisikhombisa iBhayibheli elikhuluma ngayo. (IsAmbulo 17:10) Khona-ke, osukwini lukaDaniyeli, iBabiloni lagumbuqela iJerusalema, lithumba amaIsrayeli. Ngaleyondlela iBabiloni laba ngowesithathu walemibuso yezwe, okubhekiselwa kuwo ngokufanelekile kulendaba ngokuthi “ikhanda legolide.” IBhayibheli kanye nomlando wabantu kubonisa imibuso yezwe eyayisazofika njengeyamaMede namaPheresiya, iJavani (iGrisi), iRoma, futhi ekugcineni, amaNgisi namaMelika.a

Lezizwe iBhayibheli lizibheka njengemibuso yezwe ngenxa yokuthi zathintana nabantu bakaNkulunkulu futhi zamelana nokubusa kwaphezulu okwakumelelwa yilezinceku zikaNkulunkulu. Ngakho, isithombe esabonwa uNebukadinesari sayifanekisa kahle indlela ukubusa komuntu okwakuyoqhubeka ngayo kusetshenziswa ngokumelene nobukhosi baphezulu ngisho nangemva kokuphela kombuso wakhe. Ukulandelana kwemibuso yezwe okufanekiselwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesithombe kwaqala ngekhanda futhi kwehla. Khona-ke, ngokunengqondo, izinyawo nezinzwane kwakuyofanekisela ukubonakaliswa kokugcina kokubusa komuntu okwakuyoba khona phakathi ‘nesikhathi sokugcina,’ njengoba uDaniyeli akuchaza. Khona-ke, yini okumelwe siyilindele?—Daniyeli 2:41, 42; 12:4.

‘Izinzwane Eziyishumi’

Izinceku zikaNkulunkulu akusezona ezesizwe esisodwa noma indawo eyodwa, ukuze zikwazi ukucindezelwa umbuso wezwe owodwa. (IzEnzo 1:8; 10:34, 35) Njengoba zingamalungu azo zonke izizwe, izakhamuzi zalo lonke uhlobo lukahulumeni wabantu, ngentshiseko zimemezela ukuthi isikhathi sesiphelo sesiqalile nokuthi ukubusa sekuphelelwe isikhathi—ngokushesha kuzothathelwa indawo ukubusa kwaphezulu.b Ngakho, isigijimi esinamandla ezisimemezelayo sibhekene nayo yonke imibuso yezombangazwe ekhona. Ngokufanelekile, isibalo ‘esiyishumi’ njengoba sisetshenziswe eBhayibhelini sibonisa ukuphelela kwezinto zasemhlabeni. Ngakho ukubusa komuntu okungokombangazwe kuphelele, kumelene nobukhosi baphezulu phakathi nesikhathi sesiphelo, yilokho ngokunengqondo okwakuyomelelwa ‘izinzwane eziyishumi’ zesithombe.

Sasiyini isimo sezombangazwe ekuqaleni kwalenkathi ebikezelwe? Ngonyaka ka-1800, izizwe zaseYurophu zazilawula amaphesenti angu-35 endawo yomhlaba, kodwa ngo-1914 lesibalo sase senyukele emaphesentini angaphezu kwangu-84! ICollins Atlas of World History iphawula ukuthi “ngokuhlwa kwangaphambi kwempi ka-1914, kwabonakala sengathi ukwehlukaniselana izwe kwemibuso emikhulu cishe kwase kuphelele.” Eqinisweni, uHugh Brogan, isazi esifundisa ezomlando eYunivesithi yase-Essex, eNgilandi, sithi kwabonakala sengathi “kungekudala izwe lonke lizobe libuswa imibuso eyisithupha.”

Nokho, ukusebenzisa ‘izinzwane eziyishumi’ ukufanekisela ukuphelela kohulumeni bezwe ababengeke ngokoqobo babe ‘imibuso engaphezu kweyisithupha’ kuphela, bekungeke neze kubonakale kunengqondo. Ngakho, ukuze ekugcwalisekeni kwalesosiprofetho, ‘izinzwane eziyishumi’ zibonakale ngempela, isimo sezombangazwe esasikhona ngo-1914 kwakuyomelwe sishintshe.

Njengoba kwakuqalisa iminyaka yawo-1900, uMbuso waseBrithani, umbuso omkhulu kunayo yonke izwe elake layibona, wabusa phezu kwayo yonke ingxenye yesine yabantu emhlabeni. Eminye imibuso yaseYurophu yalawula ezinye izigidi ezengeziwe zabantu. Kodwa iMpi Yezwe I yaphumela ekunqobeni ngenxa yobuzwe. UPaul Kennedy, uprofesa wezomlando eYunivesithi yaseYale, uyachaza: “Ushintsho olwaluphawuleka kakhulu eYurophu, uma lubhekwa ngokwesimo somthetho wokulawula amanye amazwe, kwakuwukuvela ngokungazelelwe kwethala lemibuso yezizwe—iPoland, iCzechoslovakia, iAustria, iHungary, iYugoslavia, iFinland, iEstonia, iLatvia, neLithuania—esikhundleni samazwe ayeyingxenye yemibuso yaseHabsburg, eRomanov, naseHohenzollern.”

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lolushintsho lwashesha. Ubuzwe bagqashuka ngamandla amakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kwenkathi yamaphakathi kwawo-1950, lolushintsho lwalungasalungiseki. Amakhulu amahlanu eminyaka okulawula amanye amazwe kweYurophu ayephelela ekuwohlokeni kwemibuso ephethwe kwamanye amazwe. Inani lezizwe eAfrika, eAsia, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi landa ngokuphawulekayo.

INew Encyclopædia Britannica ithi lokhu “okwakwenzeka kwakuphambene nemicabango eyayibuse ukucabanga okungokombangazwe eminyakeni engu-2 000 eyayandulele.” Nakuba “kuze kube yilesikhathi umuntu ayegcizelele okuvamile nokuhlanganisa indawo yonke futhi ebheke ubunye njengomgomo ofiselekayo,” ubuzwe manje bagcizelela ukwehluka ngokobuzwe. Esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa, bathambekela ekuhlukaniseni.

Insimbi Nobumba Oluthambile

Phawula ukuthi iBhayibheli lichaza izinyawo nezinzwane zesithombe ngokuthi “inxenye yinsimbi, inxenye yibumba,” linezela: “Uyakuba-ngumbuso owahlukeneyo; . . . uyakuba-namandla ngokwenxenye, nangokwenxenye ube-buthakathaka . . . kepha abayikunamathelana omunye nomunye.” (Daniyeli 2:33, 41-43) Lokhu kuntuleka kokunamathelana ngobunye kwaba sobala njengoba ukuphela kokulawulwa kwamanye amazwe kwakuqhubeka, njengoba ubuzwe babuchuma, futhi njengoba amazwe asathuthuka ayezuza ukuqapheleka. Imbulunga yayiwela ngokushesha oqhekekweni lwezombangazwe.

Ngokufanayo nengxubevange engahlangani yensimbi nobumba ezinyaweni nasezinzwaneni zesithombe, abanye ohulumeni bebenjengensimbi—umbuso wempoqo noma wobushiqela—futhi eminye ibinjengobumba—ethonyeka kalula noma eyentando yeningi. Ngokuqondakalayo, iye yangakwazi ukuhlangana ngobunye bomhlaba wonke. Ikhuluma ngokungagwegwesi ngalokhu osukwini lwethu, incwadi yesiJalimane iUnsere Welt—Gestern, Heute, Morgen, 1800-2000 (Izwe Lethu—Izolo, Namuhla, Kusasa; 1800-2000), ithi: “Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, inkululeko yokubusa ngentando yeningi yase ichumile cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aphucukile, futhi ngasekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe I, imbangela yenkululeko yabonakala isifinyelele ekunqobeni kokugcina. . . . Ngesikhathi sokuvukela kwaseRashiya ngo-1917, ubushiqela bavela kabusha. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka liye laphawulwa ngokuvela ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye nokungezwani phakathi kobushiqela nokubusa ngentando yeningi.”—Omalukeke sizenzele.

Umbuso Wabantu

Phawula futhi ukuthi phakathi nokubusa ‘kwezinzwane eziyishumi,’ abantu abavamile, ‘inzalo yabantu,’ yayiyoba ngehileleke kakhulu kuhulumeni. Ingabe amaqiniso angokomlando ayasisekela lesibikezelo?—Daniyeli 2:43.

Umbuso wentando yeningi, owuhulumeni wabantu, wawuthandwa ngokwedlulele ngokushesha nje ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, ngisho nakuba phakathi nangawo-1920 nawo-1930, imibuso yentando yeningi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba yayithathelwa isikhundla ukubusa kobushiqela. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukuphela kokulawulwa kwamanye amazwe kwaveza futhi inani lemibuso emisha ebusa ngentando yeningi. Nokho, kamuva ngawo-1960 nawo-1970, amazwe amaningi ayebuswa amanye amazwe ngaphambili akhetha uhlobo lukahulumeni osebenzisa impoqo ngokwengeziwe.

Nokho, ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, lolushintsho kwakungelokufaka imibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi noma ohulumeni babantu esikhundleni samakhosi nemibuso yobushiqela. Umagazini iTime wachaza ushintsho olukhulu olungokombangazwe lwangonyaka odlule eMpumalanga Yurophu ngokuthi “Unyaka Wabantu.” Futhi ekugcineni lapho udonga lwaseBerlin seluwile, umagazini wezindaba waseJalimane iSpiegel wahlobisa isihloko sawo sangaphandle ngamazwi athi “Das Volk siegt”—abantu bayanqoba!

Ukukhuluma Kakhulu, Ukwenza Okuncane

Kuwo wonke amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu lapho imibuso yabantu iye yaphoqelela khona inguquko yezombangazwe, kuye kwafunwa ukuba kwenziwe ukhetho lukawonk’ uwonke okuhlanganyela kulo amaqembu amaningi angokombangazwe. Esimweni sawo sanamuhla, amaqembu ezombangazwe aqala eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, aye asakazekela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Namuhla, makhulu, anamandla, futhi ahlelwe kangcono ngokwengeziwe kunanini ngaphambili. Ngawo, nangezinyunyane zezisebenzi, abathonya iziphathimandla, amaqembu akhathalela indawo ezungezile yabantu, nezinye izakhamuzi eziningi namaqembu anezithakazelo ezikhethekile, umbuso wabantu manje ukhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe nakakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Nokho, njengoba inani labantu abahileleke enqubweni yezombangazwe landa, kunjalo futhi nangobunzima ekufinyeleleni ukuvumelana ngokombangazwe. Phakathi kwemibono eminingi nezithakazelo okuphikisanayo, ngokuvamile kuvela ohulumeni babambalwa, ohulumeni abaphikisanayo abakhuluma kakhulu kodwa benze okuncane.

Njengensimbi nobumba oluthambile, yonke ingxubevange yezombangazwe esembulungeni yonke kusukela ngo-1914 ibinezimfa. Ngokwesibonelo, sezadlula izinsuku lapho abantu babefuna isiqondiso saphezulu ezindabeni eziphathelene nohulumeni. “Ngaleyondlela abantu bempucuko yaseNtshonalanga baye balahlekelwa amaqhinga ngokuphelele, futhi bazithola bentula,” kuphetha iColumbia History of the World.

Singakulindela Okungcono?

“Kungani zonke lezizenzakalo eziphawulekayo kodwa ezihlobene ziye zahlangana ndawonye engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 leminyaka? Kungani lokhu kusongela kokuwohloka kwezwe kuthushuke esikhathini ngokuqondile lapho umuntu eye wafinyelela intuthuko nolwazi olwengeziwe olungokwesayensi kunakuwo wonke umlando wesikhathi sakhe esidlule?” Lemibuzo eyaphakanyiswa umhleli wephephandaba uGeyer ishukumisa ingqondo. Kodwa ingabe ukhona onezimpendulo?

Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, iWorld Book Encyclopedia yaphawula ngendlela enikeza ithemba: “Cishe sinethuba elikhudlwana lokuxazulula izinkinga zezikhathi zethu kunanoma yisiphi isizukulwane sangesikhathi esidlule.” Kodwa manje, ishumi leminyaka kamuva, ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ingabe sisengakulindela okungcono? ‘Yebo,’ ungase usho, ukhomba ukuphela kweMpi Yokubhekana Ngeziqu Zamehlo, ekubambisaneni okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga, nasenqubekeleni phambili enkulu eyenziwayo ekunciphiseni kwezwe izikhali.

IBhayibheli labikezela ukuthi babeyokwenza kanjalo. Libonisa ukuthi phakathi nokubusa kombuso wezwe wesikhombisa womlando weBhayibheli, umbuso wezwe wesishiyagalombili owawuyofika ngesikhathi esifanayo wawuyomiswa ngokukhethekile ngenjongo yokuhlanganisa izizwe. (IsAmbulo 17:11) Kodwa ingabe wawuyophumelela? Ingxenye 9 yesithi “Ukubusa Komuntu Kubekwe Esilinganisweni” izophendula.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

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“Yilowo nalowombuso owahlukene wodwa uyachi-theka.”—Mathewu 12:25

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“Izizwe ziyaxokozela; imibuso iyazamazama.”—IHubo 46:6