Iziqondiso Zokuhumusha IBhayibheli

Abanye bangase baphethe ngokuthi indlela yokuhumusha yegama negama, efana neye-interlinear ingenza umfundi athole lokho okucishe kufane nalokho okwakubhalwe ezilimini zokuqala. Nokho, akunjalo ngempela. Cabangela izizathu ezimbalwa:

• Azikho izilimi ezimbili ezifana ncamashi ngokohlelo lolimi, amagama nokwakheka kwemisho. Uprofesa wolimi lwesiHebheru, uS. R. Driver, wabhala ukuthi izilimi “azihluki nje kuphela ngokohlelo lolimi nangomsuka wazo, kodwa . . . nangendlela imiqondo eyakhiwa ngayo ibe imisho.” Izilimi ezihlukahlukene zidinga izindlela zokucabanga ezingafani. UProfesa uDriver uyaqhubeka, “ngenxa yalokho, indlela imisho ebekwa ngayo ayifani ngokwezilimi.”

• Alukho ulimi lwanamuhla olunamagama nohlelo lolimi okufana ncamashi nesiHebheru, isi-Aramu nesiGreki seBhayibheli, ngakho ukuhumusha iBhayibheli igama negama kungase kungacaci noma ngezinye izikhathi kungadlulisela ngisho nomqondo oyiphutha.

• Incazelo yegama noma yenkulumo ingase ihluke kuye ngomongo esetshenziswe kuwo.

Umhumushi angase akwazi ukuveza umqondo wegama negama wolimi lokuqala ezindaweni ezithile, kodwa lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zendlela ukuhumusha igama negama okungase kuqondakale ngayo ngokungeyikho:

• EmiBhalweni, igama elithi ‘ukulala’ lolimi lokuqala lingasho ukulala ubuthongo nokulala kokufa. (Mathewu 28:13; Johane 11:11) Lapho leli gama lisetshenziswe endabeni ekhuluma ngokufa, abahumushi beBhayibheli bamane nje bathi ‘ukufa’ ukuze bagweme ukudideka.​—1 Korinte 7:39; 1 Thesalonika 4:13; 2 Petru 3:4.

• Umphostoli uPawulu wasebenzisa inkulumo etholakala kweyabase-Efesu 4:​14 ngokwegama negama engahunyushwa ngokuthi “ngokudlala kwamadoda idayisi.” Lesi sisho sasendulo sichaza umkhuba wokukhohlisa abanye kusetshenziswa idayisi. Ezilimini eziningi, ukuhumusha le nkulumo igama negama kuyenza ingaqondakali kahle. Ukuhumusha le nkulumo ngokuthi “ngokukhohlisa kwabantu” yindlela ecacile yokudlulisela incazelo.

• KweyabaseRoma 12:11, kusetshenziswe inkulumo yesiGreki ngokwegama negama esho ukuthi “ukubila emoyeni.” Le ndlela ayidluliseli incazelo ehlosiwe esiZulwini, ngakho ihunyushwe ngokuthi “vuthani emoyeni” kule nguqulo.

• 

  ENtshumayelweni yakhe yaseNtabeni edumile, uJesu wasebenzisa inkulumo evame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi “Babusisiwe abampofu emoyeni.” (Mathewu 5:3, IBhayibheli Elingcwele) Kodwa ezilimini eziningi, ukuhumusha le nkulumo igama negama kuyawufihla umqondo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhumusha le nkulumo igama negama kungasho nokuthi “abampofu emoyeni” bagula ngekhanda noma abanamdlandla futhi abazimisele. Nokho, uJesu lapha wayefundisa abantu ukuthi injabulo yabo yayingancikile ekwaneliseni izidingo zabo zenyama, kodwa ekuqapheleni ukuthi badinga isiqondiso sikaNkulunkulu. (Luka 6:20) Ngakho, indlela yokuhumusha ethi “abaqaphelayo ukuthi bayamdinga uNkulunkulu” noma “abaqaphela isidingo sabo esingokomoya” idlulisela incazelo enembe kakhudlwana yenkulumo yokuqala.​—Mathewu 5:3; The New Testament in Modern English.

• Ezindaweni eziningi, igama lesiHebheru elihunyushwe ngokuthi “isikhwele” nangokuthi “umona” lihambisana nencazelo evamile yegama lesiZulu, okuwukuthi, ukucasulwa ukungathembeki komuntu osondelene naye noma ukuhalela izinto zabanye abantu. (IzAga 6:34; Isaya 11:13) Nokho, igama elifanayo lesiHebheru liphinde lisho into enhle. Ngokwesibonelo, lingase lisetshenziselwe ukuchaza ‘intshiseko,’ noma ukuvikela ngothando uJehova akubonisa izinceku zakhe noma ukuchaza ‘ukufuna ukuzinikela kuye ngokuphelele.’ (Eksodusi 34:14; 2 AmaKhosi 19:31; Hezekeli 5:13; Zakariya 8:2) Lingasetshenziselwa nokuchaza ‘intshiseko’ izinceku zikaNkulunkulu ezithembekile ezinayo ngaye nokukhulekelwa kwakhe noma ‘ukungakubekezeleli kwazo nhlobo ukuba khona kwembangi’ yakhe.—IHubo 69:9; 119:139; Numeri 25:11.

• 

  Inkulumo yesiHebheru evame ukubhekisela esandleni somuntu inezincazelo eziningi ezingafani. Leli gama lingahunyushwa ngokuthi “igunya,” ‘isandla esivulekile’ noma ‘amandla’ kuye ngomongo. (2 Samuweli 8:3; 1 AmaKhosi 10:13; IzAga 18:21) Empeleni, leli gama lihunyushwe ngezindlela ezingu-40 ezingafani kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo Engcwele yesiZulu.

Uma sibheka lezi zibonelo, ukuhumusha iBhayibheli kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuhumusha igama lolimi lokuqala ngegama elifanayo lolunye ulimi njalo lapho livela. Umhumushi kumele anqume kahle ukuze akhethe amagama olimi ahumushela kulo awuveza kahle umqondo wombhalo wolimi lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesidingo sokwakha imisho ngendlela evumelana nemithetho yohlelo lolimi okuhunyushelwa kulo, ukuze kufundeke kalula.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele kugwenywe ukushintsha amagama ngokweqile. Umhumushi oshintsha indaba eseBhayibhelini ayibeke ngokwendlela yena aqonda ngayo angase ayishintshe incazelo yendaba. Kanjani? Umhumushi angase ngephutha afake umbono wakhe ngalokho acabanga ukuthi kushiwo umbhalo wokuqala noma angase akhiphe imininingwane ebalulekile esembhalweni wokuqala. Nakuba iBhayibheli elibekwe ngenye indlela lingase lifundeke kalula, ngezinye izikhathi lingase limvimbe umfundi ekutholeni umyalezo wangempela walokho okushiwo umbhalo.

Ukuchema nezimfundiso ezithile zenkolo kungawuthonya kalula umsebenzi womhumushi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMathewu 7:13 uthi: “Uvulekile umgwaqo oholela ekubhujisweni.” Abanye abahumushi, mhlawumbe becheme nezimfundiso ezithile zenkolo, baye basebenzisa igama elithi “esihogweni” esikhundleni salokho igama lesiGreki elikushoyo ngempela, okuwukuthi, “ekubhujisweni.”

Umhumushi weBhayibheli kumele acabangele nokuthi iBhayibheli labhalwa kusetshenziswa ulimi oluvamile, olukhulunywa abantu abangafundile kangako nsuku zonke, abanjengabalimi, abelusi nabadobi. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; IzEnzo 4:13) Ngakho-ke, ukuhunyushwa kahle kweBhayibheli kwenza umyalezo eliwuqukethe uqondakale kubantu abaqotho, noma ngabe banasiphi isizinda. Amagama acacile, ajwayelekile, aqondakala kalula angcono kunamagama umuntu ongafundile kangako angajwayele ukuwasebenzisa.

Abahumushi beBhayibheli abaningana bazenzele umathanda bakhipha igama likaNkulunkulu elithi Jehova, ezinguqulweni zanamuhla ngisho noma leli gama litholakala emibhalweni yeBhayibheli yesandla yasendulo. (Bheka iSithasiselo A4) Izinguqulo eziningi zikhiphe igama likaNkulunkulu zafaka isiqu, esinjengesithi “Nkosi,” futhi ezinye zize zenze kungaqondakali ukuthi uNkulunkulu unegama. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izinguqulo, umthandazo kaJesu otholakala kuJohane 17:26 uthi: “Ngibazisile ngawe,” bese uJohane 17:6 athi: “Ngikwembulile kulabo onginike bona.” Nokho, indlela ethembekile yokuhumusha umthandazo kaJesu ithi: “Ngibazisile igama lakho,” iphinde ithi “Ngibazisile igama lakho abantu onginike bona.”

Njengoba kushiwo kusandulela se-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha yokuqala yesiNgisi: “Asiyibeki ngamazwi ethu imiBhalo. Umzamo wethu kukho konke bekuwukuhumusha igama negama uma kungenzeka, uma inkulumo yesiNgisi yanamuhla ikuvumela lokho nalapho ukuhumusha igama negama kungawufihli umqondo ngenxa yokungahleleki kahle kwamagama.” Ngakho, iKomiti YeBhayibheli LeNguqulo Yezwe Elisha yenze umzamo wokulinganisela phakathi kokusebenzisa amagama nendlela yokubeka edlulisela umqondo wolimi lokuqala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, igweme ukusebenzisa amagama angafundeki kalula noma afihla umyalezo obuhlosiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umfundi angalifunda kalula iBhayibheli futhi angaqiniseka ngokuthi umyalezo walo ophefumulelwe udluliselwe ngokwethembeka.—1 Thesalonika 2:13.