Amagugu Atholakala EVangelini LikaMarku
UMOYA kaJehova waphefumlela uMarku ukuba abhale ukulandisa okugcwele izehlakalo zokuphila nenkonzo kaJesu yasemhlabeni. Nakuba leliVangeli lingasho ukuthi uMarku wayengumlobi walo, bukhona ubufakazi balokhu ezincwadini zikaPapias, uJustin Martyr, uTertullian, uOrigen, uEusebius, uJerome, nabanye abazincwadi zabo zifinyelela emakhulwini eminyaka okuqala amane eSikhathi sethu Esivamile.
Ngokwezinkolelo zabaningi, umphostoli uPetru owanikeza ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo kwaleliVangeli. Ngokwesibonelo, uOrigen wathi uMarku walibhala “ngokuvumelana neziyalezo zikaPetru.” Kodwa ngokusobala uMarku wakuthola nakweminye imithombo, ngoba abafundi babehlangana endlini kanina. Eqinisweni, njengoba uMarku ngokunokwenzeka ‘eyinsizwa’ eyabalekela labo ababopha uJesu, kungenzeka ukuthi waba nobudlelwane bomuntu siqu noKristu.—Marku 14:51, 52; IzEnzo 12:12.
Labhalelwa Obani?
UMarku ngokusobala wabhala ngokuyinhloko ecabanga ngabafundi babeZizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela yakhe ecacisayo yayivunyelaniswe nabantu abangamaRoma. Wachaza “ikorbana” ngokuthi “isipho esinikezelwe kuNkulunkulu” (7:11, NW) futhi wabonisa ukuthi ithempeli lalibonakala uma useNtabeni yemiNqumo. (13:3) UMarku futhi wachaza ukuthi abaFarisi “babezila ukudla” nokuthi abaSadusi “bathi akukho ukuvuka kwabafileyo.” (2:18; 12:18) Ukukhulumela okunjalo bekuyoba okungadingekile kubafundi abangamaJuda.
Yebo, ukufunda iVangeli likaMarku kungazuzisa wonke umuntu. Kodwa iziphi izici eziyisisekelo ezingasisiza ukuba siqonde amanye amagugu alo?
INdodana KaNkulunkulu Ingumenzi Wezimangaliso
UMarku ulandisa ngezimangaliso ezenziwa uKristu ngamandla kaNkulunkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kwesinye isenzakalo kwenye indlu kwakunesixuku esikhulu kangangokuthi ukuze kuphulukiswe umuntu ofé uhlangothi, kwadingeka ukuba ehliselwe eduze kukaJesu ngembobo embiwe ophahleni. (2:4) Ngenxa yokuthi indlu yayigcwele swí, lendoda kungenzeka ukuthi yakhushulwa ngesikhwelo noma ngezitebhisi ezingaphandle. Kodwa kungani kwakunesidingo sokumba ophahleni? Nokho, uphahla lwezindlu eziningi lwaluyisicaba futhi luphaswe ngezingodo ezisuka kolunye udonga ziye kolunye. Phezu kwalezozingodo kwakuvundliswe imishayo embozwe ngamagatsha, imihlanga, nangokunye okufana nalokho. Ngaphezulu kwakunogqinsi lomhlabathi ohuqwe ngodongwe noma ngodongwe oluxutshwe nomcako. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ayise lona ofé uhlangothi lapho kukhona khona uJesu, kwakudingeka ukuba amadoda embe uphahla olunomhlabathi. Kodwa yeka isibusiso ngemva kokwenza kanjalo! UKristu wayiphulukisa leyondoda, futhi bonke ababekhona badumisa uNkulunkulu. (2:1-12) Yeka isiqinisekiso sokuthi iNdodana kaJehova iyokwelapha ngendlela emangalisa kanjani ezweni elisha!
UJesu wenza esinye sezimangaliso zakhe esesikebheni lapho ethulisa isiphepho oLwandle lwaseGalile ngemva kokuba evuswe elele “esicamelweni.” (4:36-41) Lesosicamelo ngokusobala sasingesona esohlobo olutofozelayo manje esesisetshenziselwa ukucamelisa ikhanda embhedeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi sasimane nje siwuboya bemvu abagwedli ababehlala kubo noma umcamelo omude noma ikhushini esebenza njengesihlalo emuva esikebheni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi, lapho uJesu etshela ulwandle, “Thula, uthi du” labo ababekhona babona ukholo lusebenza, ngoba “kwanqamuka umoya, kwaba-khona ukuthula okukhulu.”
Inkonzo EDekapholi
Ewela uLwandle lwaseGalile, uJesu wangena eDekapholi, noma esifundeni esinemizi eyishumi. Nakuba ngokungangabazeki lemizi yayinabantu abaningi abangamaJuda, yayiyizikhungo zempucuko yamaGreki. Lapho, ezweni lamaGerasa, uJesu wakhipha amademoni endodeni ‘eyayihlala emathuneni.’—5:1-20.
Ngezinye izikhathi, amathuna aqoshwe emadwaleni ayeyizindawo okwakuhlala kuzo abahlanyayo, imiphandu yezigebengu, noma lapho kuhlala khona abampofu. (Qhathanisa noIsaya 22:16; 65:2-4.) Ngokwencwadi yekhulu le-19 leminyaka, isivakashi esasivakashele endaweni lapho uJesu ahlangana khona nalendoda enamademoni sathi ngendlu enjalo: “Lelithuna cishe laliphakeme ngamamitha a ngu-[2,5] ngaphakathi, njengoba lalinesitebhisi esishonayo esisuka emnyango oyitshe siya phansi. Ubukhulu balo babungaba izinyathelo eziyishumi elinambili nxa zonke; kodwa, njengoba kwakungekho lapho kungena khona ukukhanya ngaphandle komnyango, asikwazanga ukubona noma kwakunekamelo langaphakathi noma cha njengoba kunjalo ngamanye. Ibhokisi lokungcwaba elisekahle lalisekhona ngaphakathi, futhi manje lalisetshenziswa umkhaya njengenqolobane yokugcina ummbila nokunye ukudla, kangangokuba lelithuna labafileyo elisetshenziswa kabi ngaleyondlela lase liyisiphephelo esilondekile, esipholile, esihle sabaphilayo.”
UJesu Nesiko
Kwesinye isenzakalo, abaFarisi nababhali abathile bakhononda ngokuthi abafundi bakaJesu babedla ngezandla ezingahlanjiwe. Ngokwenzuzo yabafundi abangabeZizwe, uMarku wachaza ukuthi abaFarisi namanye amaJuda ‘babengadli bengazihlambanga izandla kuze kufike endololwaneni.’ Lapho bebuya emakethe, babedla kuphela ngemva kokuba bezihlanze ngokuzifafaza, futhi isiko labo lalihlanganisa “[ukubhapathiza, NW] izinkezo, nezinkamba, nezitsha zethusi.”—7:1-4.
Ngaphandle kokuzifafaza ezingcwelisa ngaphambi kokuba adle, lamaJuda ayebhapathiza, noma acwilise emanzini, izinkezo, izinkamba, nezitsha zethusi ayezisebenzisa lapho edla. Ukuthi ayenamathele kangakanani esikweni kwacaciswa isazi uJohn Lightfoot. Ecaphuna izincwadi zaworabi, wabonisa ukuthi kwakunakwa kakhulu imininingwane enjengobungako bamanzi, indlela okwenziwa ngayo, nesikhathi sokugeza ngokwanelisayo. ULightfoot wacaphuna incwadi ebonisa ukuthi amaJuda athile ayegeza ngokunakekela ngaphambi kokudla ukuze agweme ukulinyazwa uShibta, “umoya omubi ohlala ezandleni zabantu ebusuku: futhi uma noma ubani engalokotha athinte ukudla kwakhe ngezandla ezingagezwanga, lowomoya uhlala phezu kwalokho kudla, futhi kuyingozi ukukudla.” Akumangalisi ukuthi uJesu walahla ababhali nabaFarisi ‘ngokuyeka umyalo kaNkulunkulu kuyilapho bebambelela esikweni labantu!’—7:5-8.
Inkonzo KaJesu Yokugcina Yasobala
Ngemva kokubika ngenkonzo kaJesu yakamuva eGalile nangomsebenzi waKhe ePhereya, uMarku wagxilisa ukunakekela ezenzakalweni ezazenzeka eJerusalema namaphethelo. Ngokwesibonelo, walandisa ngesenzakalo lapho uKristu ayebukele kuso abantu befaka imali emiphongolweni yeminikelo yasethempelini. UJesu wabona ukuthi umfelokazi ompofu wanikela ‘ngamafadingi amabili anenani eliphansi.’ Nokho, wathi unikele ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ngoba babenikela kokusala kulokho abanakho, kanti yena ‘ebumpofwini bakhe, ubeké konke abephila ngakho.’ (12:41-44) Ngokombhalo wesiGreki, wanikela ngamalepton amabili. Ilepton kwakuwuhlamvu lwamaJuda lwethusi noma lwebronze oluncane kunazo zonke, futhi ukuthi ingalingana namalini namuhla akwaziwa ngempela. Kodwa lona owesifazane ompofu wenza ayengakwenza, ebeka isibonelo esihle sokungabi nabugovu ekusekeleni ukukhulekela kweqiniso.—2 Korinte 9:6, 7.
Njengoba inkonzo kaJesu yayisondela ekupheleni, waphenywa ngemibuzo uPontiyu Pilatu, ogama lakhe nesiqu esithi “umphathi” kuvela embhalweni oqoshiwe owatholakala eKesariya ngo-1961. Ezifundeni ezingaphandle ezinjengeJudiya, umbusi (umphathi) wayelawula kwezempi, kunguye ophatha izimali, futhi wayesebenza njengomahluleli wamacala. UPilatu wayenalo igunya lokukhulula uJesu, kodwa wenza ngokuvumelana nezitha zikaJesu futhi wafuna ukwanelisa abantu ngokumnikezela kubo ukuba bambethele futhi kukhululwe umbulali wangamabomu uBaraba.—15:1-15.
Bekulokhu kushiwo izinto ezihlukahlukene ngokuqondene nokuphila kwamuva nokufa kukaPilatu. Ngokwesibonelo, isazi-mlando uEusebius wabhala: “UPilatu ngokwakhe, umbusi wasosukwini loMsindisi wethu, wahileleka ezinhlekeleleni eziningi kangangokuthi waphoqeleka ukuba azahlulele yena ngokwakhe futhi azijezise ngesandla sakhe siqu: kubonakala sengathi ukulunga kwaphezulu akuzange kwephuze ukumfumana.” Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kwenzeka noma cha, ukufa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakungokukaJesu. Induna yempi (induna yekhulu) engumRoma eyabona ukufa kukaKristu nezenzakalo ezingavamile ezenzeka ngalesosikhathi yakhuluma iqiniso ngempela lapho ithi: “Nempela lomuntu ubeyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu.”—15:33-39.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 30]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 31]
Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums; photograph from Israel Museum, Jerusalem