Udokotela ULuka Wenza Umsebenzi Omuhle
UZIZWA kanjani ngodokotela? Kuwo wonke umlando abantu baye babheka odokotela njengabaphakeme. Imiphakathi yasendulo yayibheka izinyanga zayo ngokuphakeme njengoba kunjalo ngemiphakathi yanamuhla nodokotela bayo. Ngani?
Ngisho nakuba amandla okuvuselela imizimba yethu enqoba cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zokugula kwethu ngaphandle kosizo lwemithi, odokotela abakhathalelayo ngokuvamile babangela ukuba bathenjwe, okungase kusize isiguli kakhulu ukuba sisinde. Futhi, odokotela baye bakwazi ukusisiza ngolwazi lwabo lwemithi esebenza kangcono nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bayabazisa odokotela njengabantu abenza umsebenzi omuhle ngokuvelele.
Nokho iBhayibheli lisitshela ngodokotela owayezinikezele owashintsha kulowomsebenzi wakhe ukuze afeze okuhle ngokungaphezulu. Usibekela isibonelo sokuthi singakwenza kanjani okuhle ngokuphila kwethu.
Lendoda, uLuka, yayiphila ngekhulu lokuqala C.E. UPawulu, umphostoli ongumKristu, wabiza uLuka ngokuthi “inyanga ethandekayo,” futhi njengoba sizobona, ukubhala kukaLuka kunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi wayengudokotela wezokwelapha. (Kolose 4:14) Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi idumela likaLuka alibangelwanga ukwelapha abagulayo noma abalimele. Kunalokho, laba umphumela walokho akwenza ngemva kokuba umKristu.
Nakuba uLuka ngokunokwenzeka ayengase abe semzini owodwa aphile ngokunethezekile njengodokotela, wakhetha ukwamukela ubunzima ngokuhambisana noPawulu ohambweni lwakhe lwevangeli. Kamuva uLuka wazinikela ekucwaningeni nasekubhaleni iVangeli lomlando wokuphila kukaJesu nenkonzo yakhe. Elithi “iVangeli” lisho “izindaba ezinhle.” Ngemizamo yakhe ekusakazeni izindaba ezinhle zobuKristu, kuhlanganise nokubhala iVangeli lakhe nezenzo zabaPhostoli, uLuka wabonisa ukuthi ubuhle umuntu angabufeza emisebenzini yobuKristu budlulela kude ngisho nalokho udokotela onekhono angakwenza ekwelapheni ukugula noma izinhlungu zabantu okwesikhashana. Singase siwuqaphele kangcono umsebenzi omuhle kaLuka ngokuphawula ezinye zezinto ngaye nokulandisa kweVangeli lakhe.
Umuntu Owaloba Incwadi
Abanye baye bathi uLuka wayengoweZizwe ngenxa yegama lakhe lesiGreki, indlela yakhe yokubhala neqiniso lokuthi kwabaseKolose 4:10-14 uPawulu ukhuluma ngalabo “abangabokusokwa” kamuva abese ethinta uLuka. Nokho, lokho kumane kuwukuzicabangela nje futhi kuphambene nokuboniswa amaRoma 3:1, 2. Lapho sitshelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu amazwi akhe wawaphathisa ‘amaJuda.’ Ngakho-ke uLuka kungenzeka wayengumJuda okhuluma isiGreki onegama lesiGreki.
Ukubhala kukaLuka kuqinisekisa ukuthi wayefundisiwe. Wabhala ngendlela eshelelayo yesiGreki, nemsulwa. Imisho yakhe iyinkimbinkimbi kunaleyo yamanye amaVangeli, futhi usebenzisa amagama amaningana olimi.
Isingeniso seVangeli lakhe futhi sibonisa isizinda sikaLuka semfundo. Liqala kanje: “Njengokuba abaningi sebezamile ukulanda ngokuhlelekile ngalezozindaba ezigcwaliseké phakathi kwethu, njengalokho basinika zona labo ababekhona kwasekuqaleni, bezibonela ngamehlo, . . . kuhle nakimina, lokhu ngizihlolisisile zonke izinto, kusukela ekuqaleni, ngikulobele ngokulandelana, . . . ukuze wazi ukuqiniseka kwalezizindaba ozifundisiweyo.” (Luka 1:1-4) Lokhu kufana nezingeniso ezisezincwadini ezivelele zesiGreki.
Lapha uLuka uqinisekisa abafundi ukuthi akahambi nje ngenzwabethi noma indaba ayizwa ngokhokho. Ngani? Njengoba uLuka ngokusobala akazange abe umfundi ngesikhathi uJesu esesemhlabeni, lapho uLuka elungiselela iVangeli lakhe wacwaningisisa kahle phakathi ‘kofakazi bokuzibonela.’ Futhi, wahlolisisa eminye imibhalo efanayo, ‘ehlolisisa zonke izinto kusukela ekuqaleni.’ Lokhu kumelwe kusenze sethembele ekulobeni kukaLuka.
Kodwa uLuka wakutholaphi ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe? Endaweni ethile ekulandiseni kwayo ngohambo lukaPawulu, incwadi yezEnzo ishintsha isuka kokukhulunywa ngaye (“yena,” “bona”) iye kokhulumayo (“thina” sa-). Ngalokhu kuyaqondakala ukuthi uLuka waqala ukuhamba noPawulu ohambweni lwakhe lwesibili. (IzEnzo 16:10) Ngokusobala ngokuhambisana noPawulu eya eJerusalema ekupheleni kohambo lwesithathu, uLuka lapho kumelwe ukuba wakwazi ukuxoxa nabesilisa nabesifazane ababengofakazi bokuzibonela benkonzo kaJesu. (IzEnzo 21:1, 7, 15-18) Lapho uLuka futhi kungenzeka wahlola izincwadi ezithile, njengalezo ezasetshenziswa ekuhleleni uhlu lozalo kuLuka 3:23-38.
Umphostoli uPawulu waboshwa eKhesariya kusukela cishe ngo-56 kuya ku-58 C.E. Njengoba uLuka abhala iVangeli lakhe ngaphambi kwencwadi yezEnzo (waqeda cishe ngo-61 C.E.), kubonakala sengathi uLuka, esebenzisa isikhathi sakhe kahle, wabhala iVangeli lakhe ngesikhathi uPawulu eboshiwe.
Yini Okumelwe Uyibheke?
Uyokuthola kuvuza kakhulu ukufunda incwadi kaLuka enokwaziswa okubhalwe ngokucophelela, nangokufudumele. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungakwazi ukubheka abantu abathile abathakazelisayo ngokunenzuzo noma izici ezithile ezingavamile. Singabala zibe zine.
Esokuqala siwukuthi uLuka usebenzisa izinkulumo eziphathelene nezokwelapha nendlela achaza ngayo. Abesifazane nomthandazo kunakekelwe ngokukhethekile eVangelini likaLuka, ngakho qaphela lezozici ezimbili. Iphuzu lesine liwukuthi uLuka wabhalela bonke abantu. Ukuze sivuse isithakazelo sakho ngalencwadi, ake siphawule ezinye izibonelo zalezizici ezine.
Ngokombono Kadokotela
Wonke amavangeli abika ngezimangaliso zikaJesu, kodwa lapho ufunda uLuka phawula ukuthi ukulandisa ngokuphindwe kanjani ukuphulukisa kukaJesu. Futhi nakekela indlela yokukhuluma esetshenzisiwe noma imininingwane enikeziwe.
Ngokwesibonelo, uLuka ngokuvamile uphawula okuthile ngokwezokwelapha uMathewu noMarku abakushiyayo. Lapho laba ababili besitshela ukuthi uPetru wanquma indlebe kaMalkusi, uLuka usho ngokuqondile ukuthi kwakuyindlebe yokunene nokuthi uJesu wayiphatha wayipholisa. Ingabe lokho akuzwakali kufana nodokotela? (Mathewu 26:51; Marku 14:47; Luka 22:50, 51) Ngokufanayo, uLuka ubika ngokuqondile ukuthi umkhwekazi kaPetru “wayebanjwe ngumkhuhlane omkhulu,” nokuthi uJesu walapha indoda “eyayigcwele uchoko” nenye ‘esandla sayo sokunene sasishwabene.’—Luka 4:38, 39; 5:12-14; 6:6-10.
Kunobuningi obunye ubufakazi bombono kaLuka kwezokwelapha. Ekubikeni ukuthi uJesu wa“phulukisa abaningi ezifweni nasebuhlungwini nakomoya ababi,” uLuka uhlukanisa ukuphulukisa okwakungokomzimba nje kuphela nalokho okuhlangene namademoni. (Luka 7:21) ULuka kuphela ositshela ukuthi ngesikhathi uJesu ethandaza ngaphambi kokubanjwa kwakhe, ‘waba sosizini olunzima’ nokuthi “izithukuthuku zakhe zaba njengamathonsi egazi.” (Luka 22:44) Isithakazelo sobudokotela saqhubekela ngisho nasekubikeni kwakhe imizekeliso kaJesu. ULuka kuphela ositshela ngomfanekiso ‘womSamariya olungileyo.’ Uyakhumbula ukuthi umSamariya wawathoba kanjani amanxeba endoda ayithola eceleni komgwaqo? Lokho uLuka akuchazayo kuyahambisana nenqubo yezokwelapha kodokotela ngalesosikhathi. (Luka 10:29-37) ULuka unikeza ukuphela kwendaba ‘yendoda ecebile noLazaru.’ Futhi ingabe uyayikhumbula incazelo uLuka ayisebenzisayo ngokuqondene nenkinga yempilo kaLazaru? Yibheke kuLuka 16:20. Lapho usayivulile, phawula Luka 16 evesini lika-24 ukukhala kwendoda ecebile, “ngiyahlushwa.” ULuka wasebenzisa igama lesiGreki ubuhlungu noma usizi okungekho omunye umlobi weBhayibheli owalisebenzisa, kodwa ngokuvamile elalisetshenziswa ngodokotela bamaGreki njengoHippocrates, Aretaeus noGalen.
Ukukhathalela Abesifazane Nomthandazo
Lapho ufunda incwadi kaLuka bheka ubufakazi besithakazelo sakhe sozwela ngabesifazane, mhlawumbe okubonisa isimo sozwela esamenza abe ngudokotela. Ngokwesibonelo, isahluko sokuqala sinikeza okuwukuphela kokwaziswa esikuthola eVangelini ngoElizabethi, unina kaJohane uMbhapathizi, aze abike nokuthi wezwa umntwana egxuma esizalweni. Lesosahluko esifanayo sinikeza umbono ofudumele ngokusabela kukaMariya emqondweni wokuba unina kaMesiya.
Kamuva eVangelini likaLuka uzofunda ngalaba: Umprofethikazi uAna; umfelokazi waseNayini; owesifazane owayeyisoni kodwa owageza izinyawo zikaJesu ngezinyembezi zakhe; abesifazane abakhonza uJesu ngababenakho; ukuphulukisa kukaJesu owesifazane owayesophe isikhathi eside; ukusizana kwasekhaya phakathi kukaMarta noMariya; “indodakazi ka-Abrahama” eyayisiqede iminyaka eyi-18 yopha nomfanekiso wowesifazane owalahlekelwa uhlamvu lwesiliva nowomfelokazi nomahluleli.—Luka 2:36-38; 7:11-15, 36-50; 8:1-3, 43-48; 10:38-41; 13:11-16; 15:8-10; 18:2-8.
Ingabe uyavuma ukuthi loluhlu luhlanganisa konke ukubhekisela okukhethekile kwabesifazane encwadini kaLuka? Nokho, uma ungowesifazane, unesithakazelo kwabesifazane noma ungathanda ukubona ukuthi uLuka wayengudokotela onesithakazelo sozwela kangakanani, funda umlando wakhe ubone ukuthi okungakanani okwengeziwe oyokuthola. Lapho wenza kanjalo, phawula indlela uLuka athinta ngayo umthandazo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Uyothola ukuthi uLuka kuphela okhuluma ngeminingi yemithandazo kaJesu. Ngokwesibonelo, uLuka kuphela ositshela ukuthi uJesu wayethandaza lapho izulu livuleka nomoya ongcwele uthululwa phezu kwakhe nokuthi kamuva uJesu wathandaza ubusuku bonke. (Luka 3:21; 6:12) Uma ungathanda ukuphawula ezinye izibonelo, funda uLuka 5:16; 9:18, 28; 11:1; 23:46. ULuka futhi usixoxela ngeminingi imifanekiso kaJesu ngomthandazo, njengalowo womngane owangqongqoza phakathi nobusuku, umahluleli omubi nomFarisi nomthelisi.—Luka 11:5-13; 18:1-8, 10-14.
“Izindaba Ezinhle” Zabantu Bonke
UMathewu kubonakala ukuthi iVangeli lakhe walibhalela amaJuda ngokukhethekile, uMarku elakhe walibhalela amaRoma, kodwa uLuka wabhala “izindaba ezinhle” zabantu bonke. Isibonakaliso esisodwa salokho siwukuthi uLuka uhlehla nozalo lukaJesu aze afike kuAdamu, ukhokho wesintu sonke. (Luka 3:23, 38; qhathanisa noMathewu 1:1, 16.) EVangelini lakhe elikhanga abantu bonke, uLuka usisiza ukuba sibone ukuthi isigijimi sikaKristu nemisebenzi sasingaletha okuhle kungakhathaliseki isizinda somuntu—umSamariya owayenochoko, umthelisi ocebile ngisho nesela elilahliwe elalifa esigxotsheni. (Luka 17:11-19; 19:2-10; 23:39-43) Uyophawula futhi ukunxusa kukaLuka kubo bonke ‘ababelahlekile,’ ngenxa yokuthi uloba ngemifanekiso kaJesu ephathelene nemvu elahlekile, uhlamvu olulahlekile, indodana yolahleko nomFarisi nomthelisi. (Luka 15:4-32; 18:9-14) Njengoba ufunda iVangeli likaLuka, qaphela nezinye izibonelo zokunikeza kukaLuka ithemba kubo bonke.
Yebo, kuneziningi ezinye izinto ezingavamile ongase uziphawule eVangelini likaLuka. Kodwa okuphawuleka kukho konke kuyilokho kwencwadi ebhalwe umbhali ofundisiwe nonakekelayo, kodwa enomlando ofudumele noshukumisayo ngokuphila kukaJesu. Ingumlando weVangeli oqokomisa ukuthi “izindaba ezinhle” zingatholakala kubo bonke.
Ikakhulukazi kusesikhathini sethu lapho “izindaba ezinhle” ezinjalo zaziswa khona. Udokotela uLuka uwukuphela komlobi wevangeli owabhala ngesiprofetho sikaJesu sokuthi sasiyofika isikhathi, lapho, ngenxa yosizi emhlabeni phakathi nesiphelo sesimiso sezinto, ‘abantu babeyoxakeka ngokwesaba nokulindela okuthile.’ Yeka futhi ukuthi kumelwe ukuba wajabula kanjani uLuka ngokubika ngamazwi kaJesu akhuthazayo kuLuka 21:25-28!