Ukubona “Umuntu Ongenamthetho”
“Uzakwambulwa lowo ongenamthetho, eyakumqeda iNkosi uJesu.”—2 THESALONIKA 2:8.
1, 2. Kungani kubalulekile ukuba simazi umuntu ongenamthetho?
SIPHILA enkathini yokungabi namthetho. Kuyinto esemhlabeni wonke. Yonke indawo kukhona ukwesaba izinswelaboya ezingenamthetho nosongo eziyilo kithina nasempahleni yethu. Nokho, kukhona ingxenye engenamthetho enobuqili ngokungaphezulu ebilokhu isebenza emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi adlule. EBhayibhelini ibizwa ngokuthi “umuntu ongenamthetho.”
2 Kubalulekile ukuba simazi lomuntu ongenamthetho. Ngani? Ngoba uzimisele ukwenza buthaka ukuma kwethu okuhle noNkulunkulu nethemba lethu lokuphila okuphakade. Kanjani? Ngokusenza silahle iqiniso futhi esikhundleni salo sikholelwe amanga, kanjalo asiphambukise ekukhulekeleni uNkulunkulu “ngomoya nangeqiniso.” (Johane 4:23) Ngokwezenzo zayo kusobala ukuthi lengxenye engenamthetho imelene noNkulunkulu nezinjongo zakhe, kanye nabantu bakhe abazinikezele.
3. IBhayibheli lisiqaphelisa kanjani ngomuntu ongenamthetho?
3 IBhayibheli lilandisa ngalomuntu ongenamthetho kweyesi-2 Thesalonika 2:3. Ephefumlelwe umoya kaNkulunkulu, umphostoli uPawulu wabhala: “Makungabikho-muntu onikhohlisayo nangayiphi indlela; ngokuba aluyikufika [usuku lukaJehova lokubhubhisa lesimiso esibi], kungaveli kuqala ukuhlubuka, kwambulwe umuntu ongenamthetho.” Lapha uPawulu waprofetha ukuthi kwakuyovela ukuhlubuka futhi umuntu ongemathetho wayeyovela ngaphambi kokuba lesimiso siphele. Eqinisweni, uPawulu wathi evesini 7: “Imfihlakalo yokungabi-namthetho isiyasebenza.” Ngakho ekhulwini leminyaka lokuqala, lona ongenamthetho wayeseqalile ukuzibonakalisa.
Imvelaphi Yomuntu Ongenamthetho
4. Ngubani umsunguli nomsekeli womuntu ongenamthetho?
4 Ubani owasungula nosekela lomuntu ongenamthetho? UPawulu uyaphendula: “Lowo okufika kwakhe kungokokusebenza kukaSathane ngawo onke amandla, nezibonakaliso, nezimangaliso zamanga, nangayo yonke inkohliso yokungalungi kwababhubhayo, ngenxa yokuba bengavumanga ukuthanda iqiniso, ukuze basindiswe.” (2 Thesalonika 2:9, 10) Ngakho uSathane unguyise nomsekeli womuntu ongenamthetho. Futhi njengoba nje uSathane emelene noJehova, nezinjongo zaKhe, nabantu baKhe, unjalo nomuntu ongenamthetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyakuqaphela lokho noma cha.
5. Isiphi isiphetho esilindele ongenamthetho nalabo abamlandelayo?
5 Labo abahambisana nomuntu ongenamthetho bayohlangabezana nesiphetho esifana nesakhe—imbubhiso: “Uzakwambulwa lowo ongenamthetho, eyakumqeda iNkosi uJesu . . . imchithe ngokubonakala kokufika kwayo.” (2 Thesalonika 2:8) Lesosikhathi sokubhujiswa komuntu ongenamthetho nabasekeli bakhe (‘ababhubhayo’) siyofika ngokushesha “ekwambulweni kweNkosi uJesu, evela ezulwini, enezingelosi zamandla akhe, elangabini lomlilo, ephindisela kwabangamazi uNkulunkulu nakwabangalaleli ivangeli leNkosi yethu uJesu, abazakunikwa isijeziso esingukubhujiswa okuphakade.”—2 Thesalonika 1:6-9.
6. Ikuphi ukwaziswa okwengeziwe uPawulu akunikezayo ngongenamthetho?
6 UPawulu uyaqhubeka echaza lona ongenamthetho, ethi: “Omelana nakho konke, nozikhukhumeza phezu kwakho konke okuthiwa uNkulunkulu noma into ekhonzwayo, aze azihlalise ethempelini likaNkulunkulu ezishaya uNkulunkulu.” (2 Thesalonika 2:4) Ngakho uPawulu uxwayisa ngokuthi uSathane wayeyoveza ongenamthetho, into yokuhlonishwa yamanga, owayeyozibeka ngisho nangaphezu komthetho kaNkulunkulu.
Ukubona Lona Ongenamthetho
7. Kungani siphetha ngokuthi uPawulu wayengakhulumi ngomuntu oyedwa, futhi umuntu ongenamthetho umelelani?
7 Ingabe uPawulu wayekhuluma ngomuntu oyedwa? Cha, ngoba uthi ‘lomuntu’ wayebonakala osukwini lukaPawulu futhi wayeyoqhubeka ekhona kuze kube yilapho uNkulunkulu embhubhisa ekupheleni kwalesimiso. Kanjalo, usebe khona amakhulu eminyaka amaningi. Ngokusobala, akekho umuntu ongokoqobo oseye waphila isikhathi eside kangako. Ngakho amazwi athi “umuntu ongenamthetho” kumelwe ukuba amelela indikimba yabantu, noma isigaba.
8. Ungubani umuntu ongenamthetho, futhi yiziphi ezinye izici ezimbonakalisayo?
8 Bangobani? Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi bayindikimba ezidlayo nehahayo yabefundisi beLobukholwa, labo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule abaye bazenza umthetho bona ngokwabo. Lokhu kungabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi kunezinkulungwane zezinkolo ezihlukahlukene namahlelo eLobukholwa, ngalinye elinomfundisi walo, kodwa ngalinye liyaphikisana namanye esicini esithile semfundiso noma sesenzo. Lesimo sokuhlukana phakathi siwubufakazi obucacile bokuthi abalandeli umyalo kaNkulunkulu. Abanakuba ngabavela kuNkulunkulu. (Qhathanisa noMika 2:12; Marku 3:24; Roma 16:17; 1 Korinte 1:10.) Into eyodwa zonke lezinkolo ezifana ngayo iwukuthi azibambeleli ezimfundisweni zeBhayibheli, ziye zaphula umthetho othi: “[Ni]ngeqisi kokulotshiweyo.”—1 Korinte 4:6; bheka futhi uMathewu 15:3, 9, 14.
9. Yiziphi izinkolelo ezingekho ngokombhalo lona ongenamthetho aye wazifaka esikhundleni samaqiniso eBhayibheli?
9 Kanjalo, lona ongenamthetho ungumuntu ohlanganisa abaningi: abefundisi benkolo beLobukholwa. Bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangopapa, abapristi, obaba besonto, noma abashumayeli bamaProthestani, bahlanganyela icala lezono ezingokwenkolo zeLobukholwa. Baye benana iqiniso likaNkulunkulu ngamagama obuqaba, befundisa izimfundiso ezingekho ngokomBhalo njengokungafi komphefumulo womuntu, isihogo somlilo, isihlanzo, noZiqu-zintathu. Banjengabaholi benkolo uJesu athi kubo: “Nina ningabakayihlo uSathane, nithanda ukwenza izinkanuko zikayihlo. . . . [U]ngumqambimanga noyise wawo.” (Johane 8:44) Nezenzo zabo zibadalula njengabangenamthetho, ngoba bayahlanganyela ezenzweni eziphula imithetho kaNkulunkulu. Kwabanjalo uJesu uthi: “Sukani kimi nina-benzi bokubi.”—Mathewu 7:21-23.
Ukuziphakamisa Kwabo
10. Yibuphi ubuhlobo ongenamthetho anabo nababusi bezombangazwe?
10 Umlando ubonisa ukuthi labo abakulesigaba somuntu ongenamthetho baye babonisa ukuzidla nokuqhosha okukhulu kangangokuba eqinisweni baye batshela ababusi bezwe lokho okumelwe bakwenze. Ngaphansi kwezaba zemfundiso yokuthi ‘amakhosi anegunya laphezulu,’ abefundisi baye bazisholo ukuthi bawumxhumanisi osemqoka phakathi kwababusi noNkulunkulu. Baye bathwesa amakhosi nababusi imiqhele futhi babasusa ezikhundleni futhi baye bakwazi ukwenza izixuku ukuba zivune ababusi noma zimelane nabo. Empeleni, baye bathi: “Asinankosi, uKesari kuphela,” njengoba kwasho abapristi abakhulu bobuJuda abalahlwa uJesu. (Johane 19:15) Nokho, uJesu wafundisa ngokucacile: “Umbuso wami awusiwo owalelizwe.”—Johane 18:36.
11. Abefundisi baye baziphakamisa kanjani?
11 Ukuze siziphakamise ngisho nakakhulu kunabantu abavamile, lesigaba esingenamthetho siye samukela ngisho nesambatho esihlukile, ngokuvamile esimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siye sazihlobisa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezibonisa ubukhosi, kanye nemiqhele, iziphambano, nezigqoko zababhishobhi. (Qhathanisa noMathewu 23:5, 6.) Kodwa uJesu nabalandeli bakhe babengenaso isembatho esinjalo; babegqoka njengabantu abavamile. Abefundisi baye bazithathela neziqu ezinjengokuthi “Fata,” “Fata Ongcwele,” “Mfundisi,” “Mfundisi Omkhulu,” “Omuhle Kakhulu,” nokuthi “Ophakeme Kakhulu,” okwenezela ‘ekuzikhukhumezeni ngaphezu kwakho konke.’ Nokho, uJesu wafundisa lokhu ngeziqu ezingokwenkolo: “Ningabizi-muntu emhlabeni ngokuthi uyihlo.” (Mathewu 23:9) Ngokufanayo, uElihu, lapho elahla ubuzenzisi babaduduzi bakaJobe, wathi: “Mangingakhethi ubuso bamuntu, ngingathophi nobani.”—Jobe 32:21.
12. UPawulu wathi abefundisi babekhonza bani ngempela?
12 Lapho uPawulu emuva osukwini lwakhe ethi umuntu ongenamthetho wayesewuqalile kakade umsebenzi wakhe, wabuye washo lokhu ngokuqondene nalabo ababonisa isimo sengqondo somuntu ongenamthetho: “Ngokuba abanjalo bangabaphostoli bamanga, izisebenzi ezikhohlisayo, beziguqula abaphostoli bakaKristu. Akumangalisi, ngokuba uSathane uqobo uziguqula ingelosi yokukhanya. Ngakho akuyinto enkulu, uma nezikhonzi zakhe ziziguqula izingelosi zokulunga ezikuphela kwazo kuyakuba-njengokwemisebenzi yazo.”—2 Korinte 11:13-15.
Ukuhlubuka Ekukhulekeleni Kweqiniso
13. Kuyini ukuhlubuka okwabikezelwa uPawulu?
13 UPawulu wathi lomuntu ongenamthetho wayeyokhula kanye nokuhlubuka. Eqinisweni, umkhondo wokuqala uPawulu awunikeza wokubona lesigaba esingenamthetho uwukuthi “usuku luka[Jehova] [lapho uJehova ebhubhisa lesimiso esibi sezinto] . . . aluyikufika, kungaveli kuqala ukuhlubuka.” (2 Thesalonika 2:2, 3) Kodwa kushiwoni ‘ngokuhlubuka’? Kulomongo, akusho nje ukuphola noma ukuhlala phansi ngenxa yobuthakathaka obungokomoya. Igama lesiGreki elithi “ukuhlubuka” elisetshenziswe lapha lalisho, phakathi kokunye, “ukushiya” noma “ukuvukela.” Izinguqulo eziningi zilihumusha ngokuthi “ukwambuka.” Inguqulo kaWilliam Barclay ithi: “Lolosuku aluyikufika kuze kube yilapho uKwambuka Okukhulu sekwenzekile.” IJerusalem Bible ikubiza ngokuthi “Ukuvukela Okukhulu.” Ngakho-ke, emongweni walokho uPawulu akhuluma ngakho, “ukuhlubuka” kusho ukuvukela ukukhulekela kweqiniso.
14. Ukuhlubuka kwaqala nini ukudlanga?
14 Lokhu kuhlubuka, ukwambuka, kwakhula kanjani? Kweyesi-2 Thesalonika 2:6, uPawulu wabhala, ngokuqondene nosuku lwakhe, ngokuthile ‘okubambezela’ umuntu ongenamthetho. Kwakuyini lokho? Kwakungamandla abaphostoli abambezelayo. Ukuba khona kwabo, benezipho ezinamandla ababeziphiwe umoya ongcwele, kwavimbela ukuhlubuka ekubeni ngalesosikhathi kube umqedazwe. (IzEnzo 2:1-4; 1 Korinte 12:28) Kodwa lapho abaphostoli sebefile, cishe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lokuqala, lamandla abambezelayo asuswa.
Isigaba Sabefundisi Esingekho Ngokombhalo Siyakhula
15. Yiliphi ilungiselelo uJesu alimisela ibandla lobuKristu?
15 Ibandla uJesu alimisa lakhula phakathi nekhulu leminyaka lokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabadala (ababonisi) nezinceku ezikhonzayo. (Mathewu 20:25-27; 1 Thimothewu 3:1-13; Thithu 1:5-9) Laba bakhethwa ebandleni. Babengamadoda angokomoya afanelekayo ayengenakho ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kobufundisi, njengoba nje noJesu ayengenakho ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo. Ngempela, abaphikisi bakhe bazibuza: “Lona uyazi kanjani imibhalo engafundanga na?” (Johane 7:15) Futhi ngokuqondene nabaphostoli, ababusi benkolo baphawula okufanayo: “Kwathi bebona isibindi sikaPetru noJohane, beqonda ukuthi bangabantu abangafundile, bayimifunda nje, bamangala; babazi ukuthi kade benoJesu.”—IzEnzo 4:13.
16. Ukuhlubuka kwakubangela kanjani ukuphambuka esimisweni sobuKristu sekhulu leminyaka lokuqala sokuhlela ibandla?
16 Nokho, ukuhlubuka kwangenisa imiqondo eyayithathwe kubefundisi bamaJuda futhi ekugcineni esimisweni senkolo samaRoma sobuqaba. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka nokulahla iqiniso kwenzeka, kwakhula isigaba sabefundisi esingekho ngokombhalo. Upapa othweswe umqhele waqala ukubusa phezu kwendikimba yawokhadinali, nabo ababethathwe emakhulwini ababhishobhi nakubabhishobhi abakhulu, ababekhushulelwe esikhundleni besuka ekubeni abapristi abaqeqeshwe ezikoleni zokufundela ubufundisi. Kanjalo, ngokushesha ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka lokuqala, isigaba sabefundisi esingaqondakali saqala ukubusa kweLobukholwa. Lesigaba sasingaklanyiwe njengabadala abangamaKristu bekhulu leminyaka lokuqala nezinceku ezikhonzayo kodwa sasiklanywe ngokwesimiso senkolo sobuqaba.
17. Kunini, ikakhulukazi, lapho amandla ongenamthetho aqiniswa khona?
17 Ekuqaleni kangangekhulu lesithathu leminyaka C.E., amakholwa avamile ayehlehliselwe esigabeni sesibili sabantu abavamile. Umuntu ongenamthetho kancane kancane wathatha izintambo zokubusa. Lamandla aqiniswa phakathi nokubusa kombusi waseRoma uConstantine, ikakhulukazi ngemva koMkhandlu waseNicaea ngo-325 C.E. Ngalesosikhathi iSonto noMbuso kwahlanganiswa ndawonye. Kanjalo, umuntu ongenamthetho—abefundisi beLobukholwa—waba uhlu lwamakhulu eminyaka lwezihlubuki eziye zavukela uNkulunkulu weqiniso, uJehova. Imithetho namalungiselelo eziye zawalandela awazo akuwona akaNkulunkulu.
Izimfundiso Zobuqaba
18. Yiziphi izimfundiso zobuqaba ezihlazisayo ongenamthetho azamukela?
18 Lomuntu ongenamthetho owayekhula wathatha futhi nezimfundiso zobuqaba. Ngokwesibonelo, unkulunkulu onguZiqu-zintathu oyimfihlakalo, nongaqondakali wafakwa esikhundleni saLowo othi: “NginguJehova; yilo igama lami; angiyikunika omunye inkazimulo yami.” “Mina nginguJehova, akakho omunye; ngaphandle kwami akakho uNkulunkulu.” (Isaya 42:8; 45:5) Lokhu kufakwa kwemibono yabantu, yobuqaba nokwenza, esikhundleni samaqiniso kaNkulunkulu kwandiswa ukuze kuhlanganise nokuhlambalaza okwengeziwe: ukuhlonishwa kukaMariya othobekile waseBhayibhelini ‘njengoNina KaNkulunkulu’ weLobukholwa. Kanjalo, abagqugquzeli bezimfundiso ezinjalo zamanga, isigaba sabefundisi, baba ngabaphambili kunabo bonke ‘bokhula’ olwahlwanyelwa uSathane ukuze azame ukuminyanisa imbewu enhle eyayihlwanyelwe uKristu.—Mathewu 13:36-39.
19. ELobukholwa liye lahlukana kanjani phakathi namakhulu eminyaka adlule, kodwa yini eyaqhutshekiselwa phambili?
19 Njengoba kwakuba khona imifantu nokuqhekeka, eLobukholwa lahlukana laba amakhulu ezinkolo namahlelo. Kodwa inkolo ngayinye entsha noma ihlelo, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa kakhulu, yayisalokhu isilondolozile isigaba sayo sabefundisi nabantu abaphansi. Kanjalo, isigaba somuntu ongenamthetho siye saqhutshekiselwa phambili kuze kube namuhla. Futhi sisaqhubeka siziphakamisa ngaphezu kwabantu abavamile njengoba sinezingubo zaso ezihlukile neziqu zaso ezizwakala ziphakeme. Ngokusobala, uPawulu akazange eqise lapho ethi isigaba somuntu ongenamthetho sasiyozidumisa futhi siziphakamisele esikhundleni esinjengesikaNkulunkulu.
Isikhundla Sawopapa
20. Incwadi yamaKatolika imchaza kanjani upapa?
20 Isibonelo sokuzidumisa okunjalo yileso sawopapa baseRome. Isichazamazwi sesonto esabhalwa uLucio Ferraris, esanyatheliswa eItaly, sichaza upapa ngokuthi “ungohlonipheke nophakeme kangangokuthi akayena nje umuntu, kodwa kunjengokungathi, unguNkulunkulu, neBamba likaNkulunkulu.” Umqhele wakhe ungumqhele okathathu “njengenkosi yezulu, eyomhlaba, neyesihogo.” Sona lesichazamazwi siyaqhubeka: “Upapa, kunjengokungathi, unguNkulunkulu emhlabeni, ukuphela kwenkosana yabathembekileyo bakaKristu, inkosi enkulu yawo wonke amakhosi.” Siyanezela: “Upapa ngezinye izikhathi angawuphikisa umthetho waphezulu.” Futhi, iNew Catholic Dictionary ithi ngopapa: “Amanxusa akhe anesikhundla esiphakeme kunesamanye amalungu endikimba yamanxusa.”
21. Veza umehluko phakathi kwezenzo zikapapa nalezo zikaPetru nezengelosi.
21 Ngokungafani nabafundi bakaJesu, upapa ngokuvamile ugqoka izingubo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi wamukela ukukhulekelwa abantu. Upapa uvumela abantu ukuba bamkhothamele, baqabule indandatho yakhe, futhi bamgqogqoshe ehlezi esihlalweni esikhethekile. Yeka ukuzikhukhumeza opapa abaye bakubonisa emakhulwini eminyaka edlule! Okuyinto ephambene ngempela nokuzehlisa ngentobeko kukaPetru, owathi kuKorneliyu induna yebutho lamaRoma owaguqa ngasezinyaweni zakhe ukuze amkhulekele: “Sukuma, . . . ngimane nje ngingumuntu”! (IzEnzo 10:25, 26, iJerusalem Bible yamaKatolika) Futhi yeka ukuthi kuphambene kanjani nento eyenziwa ingelosi eyanikeza umphostoli uJohane isAmbulo! UJohane wazama ukukhothamela leyongelosi ayikhulekele, kodwa ingelosi yathi: “Musa; ngiyinceku kanye nawe nabazalwane bakho abaprofethi nabagcina amazwi alencwadi; khuleka kuNkulunkulu.”—IsAmbulo 22:8, 9.
22. Kungamuphi umthetho ongokomBhalo ongenamthetho angabonakala ngawo?
22 Ingabe lokhu kuhlolwa kwesigaba sabefundisi kuqine kakhulu? Lokhu singakubona ngokusebenzisa umthetho uJesu awunikeza ukuze sibone abaprofethi bamanga: “Niyakubazi ngezithelo zabo.” (Mathewu 7:15, 16) Khona-ke, siye saba yini isithelo sabefundisi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule nasekhulwini lethu leminyaka lama-20? Siyoba yini isiphetho somuntu ongenamthetho futhi obani abazoba nengxenye kuso? Imuphi umthwalo wemfanelo labo abamesaba ngempela uNkulunkulu abanawo ngokuqondene nalomuntu ongenamthetho? Izihloko ezilandelayo zizokhulumela lamaphuzu.
Imibuzo Yokubukeza:
◻ Uyini umuntu ongenamthetho, futhi wabonakala nini?
◻ IBhayibheli limveza kanjani umsunguli walesigaba esingenamthetho?
◻ Abefundisi baye baziphakamisa kanjani ngaphezu kwabantu?
◻ Yiziphi izimfundiso zokuhlubuka nezenzo eziye zathuthukiswa abefundisi?
◻ Isimo sengqondo sawopapa siphambene kanjani naleso sikaPetru nesengelosi?
[Isithombe ekhasini 14]
Umphostoli uPetru, ngokungafani nawopapa, akazange avumele umuntu ukuba amkhulekele