Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yama-42—ULuka

Umlobi: ULuka

Yalotshelwa: EKesariya

Ukuloba Kwaphela: Cishe ngo-56–58 C.E.

Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe: 3 B.C.E.–33 C.E.

 1. Luhlobo luni lweVangeli uLuka aliloba?

IVANGELI likaLuka lalotshwa indoda eyayinomqondo okhaliphile nenhliziyo enomusa, futhi lenhlanganisela enhle yezimfanelo, kanye nokuqondisa komoya kaNkulunkulu, kuye kwaphumela ekulandiseni kokubili okunembile nokugcwele imfudumalo nozwela. Emavesini okuqala, uthi, “Kwasengathi kuhle nakimina, lokhu ngizihlolisisile zonke izinto, kusukela ekuqaleni, ngikulobele ngokulandelana.” Ukulandisa kwakhe okuningiliziwe, okucophelelayo kuwafakazela ngokugcwele lamazwi.​—⁠Luka 1:⁠3.

 2, 3. Yibuphi ubufakazi bangaphandle nobukulo obukhomba kudokotela uLuka njengomlobi waleliVangeli?

² Nakuba uLuka engaphathwa ndawo ngegama kulokhu kulandisa, izazi zasendulo ziyavumelana ngokuthi nguye owakuloba. OCezwini LukaMuratori (cishe luka-170 C.E.) leliVangeli kuthiwa elikaLuka futhi balamukela abalobi bekhulu lesibili leminyaka abanjengoIrenaeus noClement waseAlexandria. Ubufakazi obukulo futhi bukhomba ngokunamandla kuLuka. UPawulu ukhuluma ngaye kwabaseKolose 4:​14 ngokuthi “uLuka inyanga [udokotela] ethandekayo,” futhi incwadi yakhe ingeyezinga lolwazi umuntu angalulindela endodeni eyisifundiswa, njengodokotela. Ukukhetha kwakhe ulimi oluhle nolwazi lwakhe olukhulu lwamagama olimi, olukhulu kunalolo lwabanye abalobi abathathu bamaVangeli behlangene, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusingathwa ngokunakekela okukhulu nokuqondakalayo kwendaba yakhe ebalulekile. Abanye babheka ukulandisa kwakhe ngendodana yolahleko njengendaba emfushane enhle kunazo zonke ezake zabhalwa.

³ ULuka usebenzisa ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezinkulumo zezokwelapha noma amagama anomqondo wezokwelapha abangawasebenzisi ngendlela efanayo (uma bewasebenzisa) abanye abalobi bemiBhalo yamaKristu YesiGreki.a Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ekhuluma ngochoko, uLuka akasebenzisi njalo igama elifanayo nalelo elisetshenziswa abanye. Kubona uchoko uchoko, kodwa kudokotela, kunamazinga ahlukahlukene ochoko, njengalapho uLuka ekhuluma ‘ngendoda egcwele uchoko.’ Uthi, uLazaru ‘wayegcwele izilonda.’ Akekho omunye umlobi weVangeli othi umkhwekazi kaPetru wayebanjwe “ngomkhuhlane omkhulu.” (5:​12; 16:​20; 4:​38) Nakuba abanye abathathu besitshela ngokunquma kukaPetru indlebe yenceku yompristi omkhulu, uLuka kuphela okhuluma ngokuthi uJesu wayelapha. (22:​51) Kufanelana nodokotela ukuthi owesifazane “[waye]nomoya wobuthakathaka iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, eseqhothile engenakululama nempela.” Futhi ubani omunye ngaphandle ‘kukaLuka inyanga ethandekayo’ owayengaloba ngokuningilizwe kangaka ngosizo lokuqala umSamariya alunikeza umuntu othile “wabopha amanxeba akhe ewathela ngamafutha newayini”?​—⁠13:​11; 10:⁠34.

 4. Cishe, yalotshwa nini incwadi kaLuka, futhi yiziphi izimo ezisekela lombono?

⁴ ULuka waliloba nini iVangeli lakhe? IzEnzo 1:⁠1 zibonisa ukuthi umlobi wencwadi yezEnzo (okusewuye uLuka) ngaphambili wayelobe “incwadi yokuqala,” iVangeli. Ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu incwadi yezEnzo yaqedwa cishe ngo-61 C.E. lapho uLuka eseRoma noPawulu, owayelindele icala lakhe ayelidlulisele kuKesari. Ngakho cishe ukulandisa kwaleliVangeli kwalotshwa uLuka eKesariya cishe ngo-56-58 C.E., ngemva kokuba ebuye noPawulu eFilipi ekupheleni kohambo lwesithathu lukaPawulu lobuthunywa bevangeli nangesikhathi uPawulu esalinde iminyaka emibili etilongweni laseKesariya ngaphambi kokuba ayiswe eRoma ayodlulisa icala lakhe. Njengoba uLuka ayelapho ePalestina, phakathi nalesikhathi wayesesimweni esihle ‘sokuhlolisisa zonke izinto, kusukela ekuqaleni’ eziphathelene nokuphila nenkonzo kaJesu. Ngalokho, kubonakala sengathi ukulandisa kukaLuka kwandulela iVangeli likaMarku.

 5. Kungenzeka ukuthi uLuka ‘wazihlolisisa’ kumiphi imithombo izenzakalo zokuphila kukaJesu?

⁵ Yebo, uLuka wayengeyena ufakazi wokuzibonela wazo zonke izenzakalo aziloba eVangelini lakhe, njengoba ayengeyena omunye wabangu-12 futhi mhlawumbe engelona ngisho nekholwa kwaze kwaba ngemva kokufa kukaJesu. Nokho, wayejwayelene kakhulu noPawulu ensimini yezithunywa zevangeli. (2 Thim. 4:​11; Filem. 24) Ngakho, njengoba kungase kulindeleke, ukuloba kwakhe kubonisa ubufakazi bethonya likaPawulu, njengoba kungabonakala ngokuqhathanisa ukulandisa kwabo bobabili ngeSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, kuLuka 22:​19, 20 nakweyoku-⁠1 Korinte 11:​23-25. Njengomunye umthombo wokwaziswa, uLuka wayengacaphuna eVangelini likaMathewu. ‘Ekuhlolisiseni zonke izinto,’ wayeyokwazi ukuxoxa mathupha nofakazi abaningi bokuzibonela bezenzakalo zokuphila kukaJesu, njengabafundi ababesaphila futhi mhlawumbe nonina kaJesu, uMariya. Singaqiniseka ukuthi wageqa amagula ekuhlanganiseni imininingwane enokwethenjelwa.

 6. Ingakanani ingxenye yeVangeli likaLuka okungeyakhe kuphela, futhi wayebhalela bani? Kungani uphendula kanjalo?

⁶ Kuba sobala lapho kuhlolwa ukulandisa kwamaVangeli amane ukuthi abalobi abamane nje baphinde ukulandisa komunye nomunye, noma balobe nje kuphela ukuze banikeze ubufakazi obuhlukahlukene ngalokhu kulandisa kweBhayibheli okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukulandisa kukaLuka kuzimele kakhulu endleleni okuxoxwa ngayo. Sekukonke, amaphesenti angu-59 eVangeli lakhe angawakhe kuphela. Uloba okungenani izimangaliso eziyisithupha eziqondile nemifanekiso engaphezu kweyishumi nambili engalandiswanga kwamanye amaVangeli, enikela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zeVangeli lakhe ekulandiseni futhi ezimbili kwezintathu emazwini abalingiswa ngokwabo; iVangeli lakhe lide kunawo wonke amanye. UMathewu walobela amaJuda ngokuyinhloko, kanti uMarku walobela abafundi abangemaJuda, ikakhulukazi amaRoma. IVangeli likaLuka lalibhekiswe ‘kuTheyofilu odumileyo’ futhi ngaye lalizoya kwabanye abantu, kokubili amaJuda nabangemaJuda. (Luka 1:​3, 4) Ukuze enze ukulandisa kwakhe kukhange bonke abantu, ulandelela uhlu lozalo lukaJesu kuze kufike emuva ‘kuAdamu kaNkulunkulu,’ futhi hhayi nje kuAbrahama, njengoba kwenza uMathewu lapho elobela amaJuda ngokukhethekile. Uphawula ngokukhethekile amazwi kaSimeyoni angokwesiprofetho okuthi uJesu wayeyoba indlela ‘yokwambulela abezizwe,’ futhi usitshela ukuthi “inyama yonke izakubona insindiso kaNkulunkulu.”​—⁠3:​38; 2:​29-32; 3:⁠6.

 7. Yini ebufakazela ngokunamandla ubuqiniso beVangeli likaLuka?

⁷ Kukho konke ukuloba kwakhe, uLuka uzibonakalisa ekwazi ngokuvelele ukulandisa, njengoba ukulandisa kwakhe kuhlelwe kahle futhi kunembile. Lezimfanelo zokunemba nokwethembeka ezisemibhalweni kaLuka ziwubufakazi obunamandla bobuqiniso bayo. Umlobi wezomthetho wake waphawula: “Nakuba izincwadi zothando, izinganekwane nobufakazi obungamanga kuqikelela ukuba kubeke izenzakalo ezilandiswayo endaweni ethile ekude nasesikhathini esithile esingaziwa, ngaleyondlela kwephule imithetho yokuqala thina bameli esiyifundiswayo ngokumela icala okuhle, ukuthi ‘isitatimende kumelwe sinikeze isikhathi nendawo,’ ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kusinikeza usuku nendawo yezinto ezilandiswayo ngokunemba okuphelele.”b Efakazela lokhu wacaphuna uLuka 3:​1, 2: “Kwathi ngomnyaka weshumi nanhlanu wokubusa kukaTiberiyu Kesari, uPontiyu Pilatu engumbusi waseJudiya, uHerode engumtetrarki waseGalile, uFiliphu umfowabo engumtetrarki wezwe laseItureya nelaseTrakhoniti, uLisaniya engumtetrarki waseAbilene, uAnase engumpristi omkhulu noKayafase, kwafika izwi likaNkulunkulu kuJohane indodana kaZakariya ehlane.” Akukho okungaziwa lapha ngokuqondene nesikhathi noma indawo, futhi uLuka ubala izikhulu zomphakathi ezingengaphansi kweziyisikhombisa kangangokuthi siyakwazi ukuthola isikhathi sokuqala kwenkonzo kaJohane nekaJesu.

 8. ULuka usiveza kanjani isikhathi sokuzalwa kukaJesu ‘ngokunembile’?

⁸ ULuka futhi usinikeza izikhombo ezimbili zokuthola isikhathi sokuzalwa kukaJesu lapho ethi, kuLuka 2:​1, 2: “Kwathi ngalezozinsuku kwaphuma isimemezelo kuKesari Awugustu sokuba kubalwe izwe lonke. Lokhukubalwa kokuqala kwenziwa uKhureniyu engumbusi waseSiriya.” Lokhu kwakungesikhathi uJosefa noMariya abakhuphukela ngaso eBetlehema ukuyobalwa, futhi uJesu wazalwa ngenkathi belapho.c Kumelwe simane sivumelane nomhlaziyi othi: “Ukuthi uphumelela ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufinyelela ukunemba okuphelele kungenye yezindlela ezikuvivinya kakhulu ukuba nengqondo komlando kaLuka.”d Kumelwe siwavume njengayiqiniso amazwi kaLuka okuthi ‘wazihlolisisa zonke izinto, kusukela ekuqaleni.’

 9. Yisiphi isiprofetho sikaJesu, esalotshwa uLuka, esaba nokugcwaliseka okuphawulekayo ngo-70 C.E.?

⁹ ULuka futhi uveza indlela iziprofetho zemiBhalo yesiHeberu ezagcwaliseka ngayo ngokunembile kuJesu Kristu. Ucaphuna ubufakazi bukaJesu obuphefumlelwe kulokhu. (24:​27, 44) Ngaphezu kwalokho, uloba ngokunembile iziprofetho zikaJesu ngokwakhe ngokuphathelene nezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo, futhi eziningi zalezi kakade seziye zagcwaliseka ngokuphawulekayo ngayo yonke imininingwane yazo eyabikezelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iJerusalema lakakwa ngezingodo ezicijile futhi labhubha kukhukhulela ngoqo owesabekayo ngo-70 C.E., njengoba nje uJesu ayebikezele. (Luka 19:​43, 44, qhathanisa neNW; 21:​20-24; Math. 24:⁠2) Isazi-mlando uFlavius Josephus, owayengufakazi wokuzibonela ebuthweni lamaRoma, ufakaza ukuthi indawo yasemaphandleni yaphundlwa imithi ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-16 ukuze kwenziwe izingodo, ukuthi udonga lokuvimbezela lwalungamakhilomitha angu-7,2 ubude, ukuthi abesifazane nabantwana abaningi babulawa yindlala, nokuthi amaJuda angaphezu kwangu-⁠1 000 000 alahlekelwa ukuphila kwawo futhi angu-97 000 athunjwa. Kuze kube namuhla, iKhothamo LikaTitus eRoma libonisa udwendwe lokunqoba lwamaRoma nempango yempi ethathwe ethempelini laseJerusalema.e Singaqiniseka ukuthi nezinye iziprofetho eziphefumlelwe ezalotshwa uLuka ziyogcwaliseka ngokunembe ngokufanayo.

OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KALUKA

10. Yini uLuka azimisela ukuyenza?

¹⁰ Isethulo sikaLuka (1:​1-⁠4). ULuka uloba ukuthi uzihlolisisile zonke izinto kusukela ekuqaleni nokuthi ukubone kukuhle ukuziloba ngokulandelana ukuze ‘uTheyofilu odumileyo azi ukuqiniseka’ kwalezinto.​—⁠1:​3, 4.

11. Yiziphi izenzakalo ezijabulisayo ezilandiswa esahlukweni sokuqala sikaLuka?

¹¹ Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kukaJesu (1:⁠5–2:​52). Ingelosi ibonakala kumpristi osegugile uZakariya inezindaba ezijabulisayo zokuthi uzokuba nendodana azoyiqamba igama lokuthi uJohane. Kodwa uZakariya ngeke akwazi ukukhuluma aze azalwe umfana. Njengoba kuthenjisiwe, umkakhe, uElisabethe, uyakhulelwa, nakuba naye ‘esekhulile.’ Cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, ingelosi uGabriyeli ibonakala kuMariya futhi imtshela ukuthi uzokhuleliswa ‘amandla oPhezukonke’ azale indodana ezobizwa ngokuthi uJesu. UMariya uvakashela uElisabethe, futhi ngemva kokubingelelana ngenjabulo, umtshela ngokuthokoza: “Umphefumulo wami uyayitusa iNkosi, nomoya wami uyathokoza kuNkulunkulu, uMsindisi wami.” Ukhuluma ngegama likaJehova elingcwele nangobubele bakhe obukhulu kulabo abamesabayo. Ekuzalweni kukaJohane, ulimi lukaZakariya luyathukululeka ukuze naye amemezele ububele bukaNkulunkulu nokuthi uJohane uyoba umprofethi oyolungisa indlela kaJehova.​—⁠1:​7, 35, 46, 47.

12. Kuthiwani ngokuphathelene nokuzalwa kukaJesu nobuntwana?

¹² Ngesikhathi esifanele, uJesu uyazalwa eBetlehema, futhi ingelosi imemezela lezi “zindaba ezinhle zokuthokoza okukhulu” kubelusi abalinde imihlambi yabo ebusuku. Kwenziwa ukusoka ngokoMthetho, khona-ke, lapho abazali bakaJesu ‘bemmisa phambi kweNkosi [uJehova]’ ethempelini, uSimeyoni ogugile nomprofethikazi uAna bayakhuluma ngokuphathelene nomntwana. Sebephindele emuva eNazaretha, ‘uyakhula uba namandla, egcwala ukuhlakanipha, futhi umusa kaNkulunkulu uba phezu kwakhe.’ (2:​10, 22, 40) Eneminyaka engu-12, evakashele eJerusalema esuka eNazaretha, uJesu umangaza abafundisi ngokuqonda kwakhe nangezimpendulo zakhe.

13. Yini uJohane ayishumayelayo, futhi kwenzekani ekubhapathizweni kukaJesu nangokushesha ngemva kwakho?

¹³ Ukulungiselela inkonzo (3:⁠1–4:​13). Ngonyaka we-15 wokubusa kukaTiberiyu Kesari, kufika isimemezelo sikaNkulunkulu kuJohane indodana kaZakariya, futhi uhamba “eshumayela umbhapathizo wokuphenduka, kube-ngukuthethelelwa kwezono,” ukuze inyama yonke “izakubona insindiso kaNkulunkulu.” (3:​3, 6) Lapho bonke abantu sebebhapathiziwe eJordani, uJesu naye uyabhapathizwa, futhi njengoba ethandaza, umoya ongcwele wehlela phezu kwakhe, futhi uYise ubonisa ukumvumela okuvela ezulwini. Manje cishe uJesu Kristu useneminyaka engu-30. (ULuka unikeza uhlu lozalo lwakhe.) Ngemva kokubhapathizwa kwakhe, umoya uholela uJesu ehlane izinsuku ezingu-40. Lapha uDeveli uyamlinga kuba nhlanga zimuka nomoya abese emuka “kuze kube esinye isikhathi esifanelekayo.”​—⁠4:​13, NW.

14. Kukuphi lapho uJesu ecacisa khona ukuthunywa kwakhe, kuyini, futhi izilaleli zakhe zisabela kanjani?

¹⁴ Inkonzo kaJesu yasekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi eGalile (4:​14–9:​62). Esinagogeni lasendaweni yakubo yaseNazaretha, uJesu ukwenza kucace ukuthunywa kwakhe, efunda isiprofetho sikaIsaya 61:​1, 2 futhi esisebenzisa kuye ngokwakhe: “UMoya weNkosi uphezu kwami, ngokuba ingigcobile ukuba ngishumayele ivangeli kwabampofu, ingithumele ukumemezela ukukhululwa kwabathunjiweyo, nokubona kwabayizimpumputhe, nokuhlenga abacindezelweyo, nokumemezela umnyaka omuhle weNkosi.” (4:​18, 19) Injabulo yabantu yokuqala ngamazwi akhe iphenduka intukuthelo njengoba eqhubeka nenkulumo yakhe, futhi bazama ukumbulala. Ngakho wehlela eKapernawume, lapho ephulukisa khona abantu abaningi. Izixuku ziyamlandela futhi zizama ukumlibazisa, kodwa uyazitshela: “Nakweminye imizi ngimelwe ukushumayela ivangeli lombuso kaNkulunkulu, ngokuba ngithunyelwe lokho.” (4:​43) Uyaqhubeka eshumayela emasinagogeni aseJudiya.

15. Chaza ukubizwa kukaPetru, uJakobe, noJohane, kanye nokukaMathewu.

¹⁵ EGalile, uJesu wenza ukuba uSimoni (obizwa futhi ngokuthi uPetru), uJakobe, noJohane babambe izinhlanzi ngokuyisimangaliso. Utshela uSimoni: “Kusukela manje uzakubamba abantu.” Ngakho bashiya konke futhi bayamlandela. UJesu uyaqhubeka emthandazweni nasekufundiseni, futhi ‘amandla kaJehova ayekuye ukuba aphulukise.’ (5:​10, 17, NW) Ubiza uLevi (uMathewu), umthelisi odelelekile, owenzela uJesu isidlo esikhulu, okukhona kuso futhi “isixuku esikhulu sabathelisi.” (5:​29) Lokhu kuba okokuqala kokuningi ukuhlangana nabaFarisi okubashiya behlanya futhi bakha uzungu lokumlimaza.

16. (a) UJesu ubakhetha ngemva kwani abaphostoli abangu-12? (b) Yimaphi amaphuzu aqokonyiswa uLuka ekunikezeni inkulumo efanayo yeNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni?

¹⁶ Ngemva kokuthandaza kuNkulunkulu ubusuku bonke, uJesu ukhetha abaphostoli abangu-12 phakathi kwabafundi bakhe. Kulandela eminye imisebenzi yokuphulukisa. Khona-ke unikeza intshumayelo elotshwe kuLuka 6:​20-49, efana neNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni ekuMathewu isahluko 5 kuya ku-⁠7 nokho emfushane kunayo. UJesu wenza umehluko: “Nibusisiwe nina-bampofu, ngokuba umbuso kaNkulunkulu ungowenu. Kepha maye kinina-bacebileyo, ngokuba niyamukele induduzo yenu.” (6:​20, 24) Uyala izilaleli zakhe ukuba zithande izitha zazo, zibe nesihawu, ziphane, nokuba ziveze okuhle emfuyweni enhle yenhliziyo.

17. (a) Yiziphi izimangaliso uJesu azenzayo ngokulandelayo? (b) UJesu uziphendula kanjani izithunywa zikaJohane uMbhapathizi ngokuphathelene nokuthi uJesu unguye yini uMesiya?

¹⁷ Ebuyela eKapernawume, uJesu uthola isicelo esivela enduneni yekhulu ukuba aphilise inceku egulayo. Izizwa ingakufanelekele ukuba uJesu angene ngaphansi kophahla lwayo ngakho icela uJesu ukuba ‘asho izwi’ elapho ayekhona. Ngalokho-ke, inceku iyasinda, futhi uJesu ushukunyiselwa ukuba athi: “Ngithi kini: Angizange ngifumane ukukholwa okungaka nakwaIsrayeli.” (7:​7, 9) Ngokokuqala ngqá, uJesu uvusa umuntu ofile, ukuphela kwendodana yomfelokazi waseNayini, ‘amhawukelayo.’ (7:​13) Njengoba izindaba eziphathelene noJesu zisakazekela eJudiya, uJohane uMbhapathizi uthumela kuye esetilongweni ebuza, “Wena unguye ozayo?” Ephendula uJesu utshela izithunywa: “Hambani nimlandise uJohane lokho enikubonile nenikuzwile ukuthi: Izimpumputhe ziyabona, izinyonga ziyahamba, abanochoko bayahlanjululwa, izithulu ziyezwa, abafileyo bayavuswa, abampofu bayashunyayezwa ivangeli; ubusisiwe ongayikukhubeka ngami.”​—⁠7:​19, 22, 23.

18. Ukushumayela ngoMbuso kuqhubeka ngamiphi imifanekiso, imisebenzi, nezeluleko?

¹⁸ Ekanye nabangu-12, uJesu uhamba “imizi nemizana eshumayela ememezela ivangeli lombuso [“kaNkulunkulu,” NW].” Unikeza umfanekiso womhlwanyeli, futhi uphetha ingxoxo ngokuthi: “Ngakho-ke anobheka ukuba nizwa kanjani; ngokuba yilowo nalowo onakho uyakuphiwa; kepha lowo ongenakho uyakwamukwa nalokho athi unakho.” (8:​1, 18) UJesu uyaqhubeka enza imisebenzi emangalisayo nezimangaliso. Unikeza futhi abangu-12 igunya phezu kwamademoni namandla okuphulukisa izifo futhi ubathuma “ukushumayela umbuso kaNkulunkulu nokuphulukisa.” Abayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu basuthiswa ngokuyisimangaliso. UJesu uguqulwa isimo entabeni futhi ngosuku olulandelayo uphulukisa umfana okhwelwe yidemoni abafundi abahlulekayo ukumphilisa. Uxwayisa labo abafuna ukumlandela: “Izimpungushe zinemigodi, nezinyoni zezulu zinezidleke, kepha iNdodana yomuntu kayinandawo, lapho ingacamelisa khona ikhanda.” Ukuze afanelekele uMbuso kaNkulunkulu, umuntu kufanele abeke isandla sakhe egejeni futhi angabheki emuva.​—⁠9:​2, 58.

19. UJesu ulufanekisa kanjani uthando lweqiniso ngomakhelwane?

¹⁹ Inkonzo kaJesu yakamuva eJudiya (10:⁠1–13:​21). UJesu uthuma abanye abangu-70 ukuba baye “ekuvuneni,” futhi bagcwala injabulo ngokuphumelela kwenkonzo yabo. Njengoba eshumayela, indoda ethile, ithanda ukuzithetha, ibuza uJesu: “Umakhelwane wami ngubani na?” Ephendula, uJesu unikeza umfanekiso womSamariya ongumakhelwane omuhle. Umuntu othile, ulele eceleni kwendlela kusele umndondo nje ngenxa yokushaywa izigcwelegcwele, ushaywa indiva umpristi odlulayo nomLevi. Kuba umSamariya odelelekile omayo, anakekele amanxeba akhe ngomusa, amkhwelise esilwaneni sakhe, amyise endlini yezihambi, futhi amkhokhele ukuba anakekelwe. Yebo, “yilowo owamenzela isihawu” owazenza umakhelwane.​—⁠10:​2, 29, 37.

20. (a) Yiliphi iphuzu uJesu alivezayo kuMarta noMariya? (b) Yikuphi ukugcizelela akwenzayo ngomthandazo?

²⁰ Endlini kaMarta, uJesu umkhuza ngobumnene ngokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngemisebenzi yasendlini, futhi uncoma uMariya ngokukhetha isabelo esingcono, ukuhlala phansi nokulalela izwi lakhe. Ufundisa abafundi bakhe umthandazo oyisibonelo kanye nesidingo sokuphikelela emthandazweni, ethi: “Qhubekani nicela, niyophiwa, qhubekani nifuna, niyothola.” Kamuva ukhipha amademoni futhi uthi babusisiwe “abalizwa izwi likaNkulunkulu, balilondoloze.” Esesidlweni, uxabana nabaFarisi ngoMthetho futhi umemezela omaye kubo ngenxa yokususa “isihluthulelo sokwazi.”​—⁠11:​9, 28, 52, qhathanisa neNW.

21. Yisiphi isixwayiso uJesu asinikezayo ngokuhaha, futhi yini akhuthaza abafundi bakhe ukuba bayenze?

²¹ Njengoba esenesixuku futhi, umuntu othile uncenga uJesu: “Shono kumfowethu ukuba abelane nami ifa.” UJesu uya emsukeni wenkinga ngokuphendula: “Bhekani, nixwaye ukuhaha konke, ngokuba ukuphila komuntu akumi ngobuningi bempahla yakhe.” Khona-ke unikeza umfanekiso womuntu onothile owadiliza izinqolobane zakhe ukuba akhe ezinkulu, kanti uzofa ngabo lobobusuku futhi ashiyele ingcebo yakhe kwabanye. UJesu uveza iphuzu kafushane: “Kunjalo kozibekelela ingcebo enganothile kuNkulunkulu.” Ngemva kokukhuthaza abafundi bakhe ukuba bafune uMbuso kaNkulunkulu kuqala, uJesu uyabatshela: “Ungesabi, mhlambi omncane; ngokuba kwathandeka kuYihlo ukuninika umbuso.” Ukuphulukisa kwakhe ngeSabatha owesifazane oseneminyaka engu-18 egula kuholela kwenye ingxabano nabamelene naye, abajabhayo.​—⁠12:​13, 15, 21, 32.

22. UJesu wafundisa ngamiphi imifanekiso eqondile ngokuphathelene noMbuso?

²² Inkonzo kaJesu yakamuva, ikakhulukazi ePhereya (13:22–19:​27). UJesu usebenzisa imifanekiso ethakazelisayo yamazwi amahle ekuqondiseni izilaleli zakhe eMbusweni kaNkulunkulu. Ubonisa ukuthi labo abafuna ukuqhama nodumo bayothotshiswa. Owenza idili makameme abampofu, abangeke bamenanisele; uyobusiswa futhi “uyakwenaniselwa ekuvukeni kwabalungileyo.” Ngokulandelayo, kwenziwa umfanekiso womuntu owenza idili elikhulu lakusihlwa. Abamenyiweyo benza izaba ngokudedelana: Omunye uthenge insimu, omunye uthenge izinkabi, futhi omunye usanda kuthatha umfazi. Ethukuthele umninindlu uthumela ukuba kungeniswe “abampofu, nezilima, nezimpumputhe, nezinyonga,” futhi uthi akekho kulabo abamenywa kuqala ‘abayokulizwa’ ngisho nakancane nje idili lakhe. (14:​14, 21, 24) Unikeza umfanekiso wemvu ebilahlekile futhi esitholakele, ethi, “Ngithi kini: Kanjalo kuyakuba-khona ukuthokoza ezulwini ngesoni sisinye esiphendukayo kunabalungileyo abangamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye abangasweli ukuphenduka.” (15:⁠7) Umfanekiso wowesifazane oshanela indlu yakhe ukuze athole uhlamvu olulodwa lwedrachma uveza iphuzu elifanayo.f

23. Yini efanekiswa ngendaba yendodana yolahleko?

²³ Khona-ke uJesu ulandisa ngendodana yolahleko eyacela isabelo sefa layo kuyise yayisilichitha “ihamba ngokonakala.” Isiswele kakhulu, kwasa kulendodana futhi yabuyela ekhaya yazilahla emseni kayise. Uyise, eshukunyiswa isihawu, “wagijima, wayisingatha entanyeni, wayanga.” Kwalungiswa ingubo enhle, kwalungiselelwa nedili elikhulu, “base beqala ukujabula.” Kodwa umfowabo omdala waphikisana nalokhu. Ngomusa uyise uyamqondisa: “Mntanami, wena uhlala nami njalo; konke okwami kungokwakho. Kepha simelwe ukujabula, sithokoze, ngokuba umfowenu lo wayefile, wabuye waphila; wayelahlekile, sewatholakala.”​—⁠15:​13, 20, 24, 31, 32.

24. Yimaphi amaqiniso uJesu awagcizelela emfanekisweni wesicebi noLazaru nowomFarisi nomthelisi?

²⁴ Lapho bezwa umfanekiso womphathi ongalungile, abaFarisi abathanda imali baklolodela ukufundisa kukaJesu, kodwa uyabatshela: “Nina ningabazishaya abalungileyo emehlweni abantu; kepha uNkulunkulu uyazazi izinhliziyo zenu, ngokuba lokho okuphakemeyo phakathi kwabantu kuyisinengiso emehlweni kaNkulunkulu.” (16:​15) Ngomfanekiso wesicebi noLazaru, ubonisa indlela omkhulu ngayo umhosha obekwe phakathi kwalabo abathola umusa nalabo uNkulunkulu angabamukeli. UJesu uxwayisa abafundi ngokuthi ziyoba khona izimbangela zokukhubeka, kodwa “maye kulowo ezivela ngaye!” Ukhuluma ngobunzima obuyovela ngosuku “eyakwambulwa ngalo iNdodana yomuntu.” “Khumbulani umkaLoti,” ebatshela. (17:​1, 30, 32) Ngomfanekiso, ubanikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi nakanjani uNkulunkulu uyothatha isinyathelo ngenxa yalabo “abakhala kuye imini nobusuku.” (18:⁠7) Khona-ke, ngomunye umfanekiso, usola abazishaya abalungile: UmFarisi, ethandaza ethempelini, ubonga uNkulunkulu ngokuthi akanjengabanye abantu. Umthelisi, emi kude futhi engafuni ngisho nokuphakamisela amehlo akhe ngasezulwini, uyathandaza: “Nkulunkulu, ngihawukele mina-soni.” UJesu ukubheka kanjani lokhu? Uthi umthelisi ulungisisiwe kunomFarisi, “ngokuba yilowo nalowo oziphakamisayo uzakuthotshiswa, kodwa ozithobayo uzakuphakanyiswa.” (18:​13, 14) EJeriko uJesu ubungazwa umthelisi uZakewu futhi unikeza umfanekiso womina abayishumi, eqhathanisa umphumela wokusebenzisa ngokwethembeka izithakazelo ophathiswe zona nowokuzifihla.

25. UJesu ungena kanjani engxenyeni yokugcina yenkonzo yakhe, futhi yiziphi izixwayiso ezingokwesiprofetho azinikezayo?

²⁵ Inkonzo yasobala yokugcina eJerusalema namaphethelo (19:​28–23:​25). Njengoba uJesu engena eJerusalema egibele ithole lembongolo futhi ehalaliselwa isixuku sabafundi njengalowo “ozayo egameni leNkosi [“likaJehova,” NW],” abaFarisi bathi makakhuze abafundi bakhe. UJesu uyaphendula: “Uma bethula laba, amatshe azakumemeza.” (19:​38, 40) Unikeza isiprofetho sakhe okumelwe sikhunjulwe sokubhujiswa kweJerusalema, ethi liyokakwa ngodonga lwempi, lihaqwe, futhi liwiselwe phansi kanye nabantwana balo nokuthi alikho itshe eliyoshiywa phezu kwelinye. UJesu ufundisa abantu ethempelini, ememezela izindaba ezinhle futhi ephendula imibuzo yobuqili yabapristi abakhulu, ababhali nabaSadusi ngemifanekiso enekhono namaphuzu. UJesu unikeza umbono okhanyayo wesibonakaliso esikhulu sokuphela, ephinda ekhuluma ngokukakwa kweJerusalema yizimpi. Abantu bayophela amandla ngokwesaba izinto eziyokwenzeka, kodwa lapho lezinto zenzeka, abalandeli bakhe kumelwe ‘balulame futhi baphakamise amakhanda abo, ngoba kusondele ukukhululwa kwabo.’ Kumelwe balinde ukuze baphumelele ekubalekeleni lokho okumelwe kwenzeke.​—⁠21:​28.

26. (a) Yiziphi izivumelwano uJesu azethulayo, futhi uzihlanganisa nani? (b) UJesu uqiniswa kanjani ngaphansi kovivinyo, futhi yikuphi ukukhuza akwenzayo ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwakhe?

²⁶ Manje sekunguNisan 14, 33 C.E. UJesu wenza iPhasika abese ethula “isivumelwano esisha” kubaphostoli bakhe abathembekile, esihlanganisa nesidlo esingokomfanekiso abayala ukuba basigubhe ukuze bamkhumbule. Futhi uyabatshela: “Ngenza isivumelwano sombuso kanye nani, njengoba noBaba enzé isivumelwano kanye nami.” (22:​20, 29, qhathanisa neNW.) Ngabo lobobusuku, njengoba uJesu ethandaza eNtabeni yemiNqumo, ‘kubonakala kuye ingelosi ivela ezulwini, imqinisa. Esosizini olunzima, uyaqhubeka ethandaza ngokuqinisela, futhi izithukuthuku zakhe ziba njengamathonsi egazi, aconsela emhlabathini.’ Isimo siyashuba njengoba uJuda umkhapheli ehola isixuku esizobopha uJesu. Abafundi bayamemeza: “Nkosi, sigadle ngenkemba na?” Omunye wabo unquma indlebe yenceku yompristi omkhulu, kodwa uJesu uyabakhuza futhi uphulukisa indoda elimele.​—⁠22:​43, 44, 49.

27. (a) Yikuphi uPetru ahluleka kukho? (b) Yimaphi amacala athweswa uJesu, futhi uquliswa futhi agwetshwe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

²⁷ UJesu uqhutshelwa endlini yompristi omkhulu eyophenywa, futhi ngenxa yokubanda kwasebusuku, uPetru uzihlanganisa nesixuku esotha umlilo. Kathathu umangalelwa ngokuthi ungumlandeli kaJesu, futhi kathathu uyaphika. Khona-ke iqhude liyakhala. INkosi iyaphenduka ibheka uPetru, futhi uPetru, ekhumbula indlela uJesu ayibikezele ngayo yona kanye lento, uphumela ngaphandle futhi ukhala kamunyu. Ngemva kokuhudulelwa ehholo leSanhedrin, uJesu manje uyiswa phambi kukaPilatu futhi umangalelwa ngokudukisa isizwe, ukunqabela ukukhokhwa kwezintela, futhi “ethi nguye onguKristu inkosi.” Lapho ezwa ukuthi uJesu ungowaseGalile, uPilatu umthumela kuHerode, oseJerusalema ngalesosikhathi. UHerode namabutho akhe bayambhinqa uJesu futhi bamphindisela emuva ukuba aphenywe phambi kwesixuku esihlanyayo. UPilatu ‘unikela uJesu kubo njengokuthanda kwabo.’​—⁠23:​2, 25.

28. (a) Yini uJesu ayithembisa isela elibonisa ukholo kuye? (b) Yini uLuka ayilobayo ngokuphathelene nokufa, ukumbelwa, nokuvuka kukaJesu?

²⁸ Ukufa, ukuvuka, nokwenyuka kukaJesu (23:​26–24:​53). UJesu ubethelwa phakathi kwezelelesi ezimbili. Esinye siyamgcona, kodwa esinye sibonisa ukholo futhi sicela ukukhunjulwa eMbusweni kaJesu. UJesu uyathembisa: “Ngiqinisile ngithi kuwe namuhla, Uyoba nami ePharadesi.” (23:​43, NW) Khona-ke kuba nobumnyama obungajwayelekile, isihenqo sethempeli sidabuka phakathi, futhi uJesu uyamemeza: “Baba, ezandleni zakho ngiyawubeka umoya wami.” Khona-ke uyafa, futhi isidumbu sakhe siyehliswa futhi sibekwa ethuneni eliqoshwe edwaleni. Ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto, abesifazane ababefike naye bevela eGalile baya ethuneni kodwa abasifumani isidumbu sikaJesu. Njengoba nje yena ngokwakhe abikezela, uvukile ngosuku lwesithathu!​—⁠23:⁠46.

29. IVangeli likaLuka liphetha ngakuphi ukulandisa okujabulisayo?

²⁹ Ebonakala endleleni eya e-Emawuse kwababili babafundi bakhe nokho abangaboni ukuthi nguye, uJesu ukhuluma ngokuhlupheka kwakhe futhi ubachazela imiBhalo. Ngokushesha bayamazi, kodwa uyanyamalala. Manje bathi: “Inhliziyo yethu ibingavuthi yini phakathi kwethu, lapho ekhuluma kithi endleleni, nalapho esivulela imibhalo, na?” Ngokushesha baphindela eJerusalema beyotshela abanye abafundi. Ngisho nalapho besakhuluma lezizinto, uJesu ubonakala phakathi kwabo. Abakholelwa ngenxa yentokozo nokumangala. Khona-ke ‘uvula ingqondo yabo, ukuze baqonde’ emiBhalweni incazelo yakho konke okwenzekile. ULuka uphetha ukulandisa kweVangeli lakhe ngencazelo yokunyukela kukaJesu ezulwini.​—⁠24:​32, 45.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO

30, 31. (a) Incwadi kaLuka ikwakha kanjani ukuqiniseka ngokuthi imiBhalo yesiHeberu iphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu? (b) Yimaphi amazwi kaJesu uLuka awacaphunayo ekusekeleni lokhu?

³⁰ Izindaba ezinhle “ngokukaLuka” zakha ukuthembela komuntu eZwini likaNkulunkulu futhi ziqinisa ukholo lwakhe ukuze amelane nobunzima bezwe lobufokazi. ULuka unikeza izibonelo eziningi zokugcwaliseka okunembile kwemiBhalo yesiHeberu. UJesu uboniswa ecaphuna ukuthunywa kwakhe ngokuthé ngqo encwadini kaIsaya, futhi uLuka ubonakala esebenzisa lokhu njengesihloko kuyo yonke incwadi. (Luka 4:​17-19; Isaya 61:​1, 2) Lesi kwakungesinye sezikhathi zokucaphuna kukaJesu kubaProfethi. Wacaphuna naseMthethweni, njengalapho enqaba izilingo ezintathu zikaDeveli, nakumaHubo, njengalapho ebuza izitha zakhe, “Basho kanjani ukuthi uKristu uyindodana kaDavide na?” Ukulandisa kukaLuka kuqukethe ezinye izingcaphuno eziningi ezivela emiBhalweni yesiHeberu.​—⁠Luka 4:​4, 8, 12; 20:​41-44; Dut. 8:⁠3; 6:​13, 16; IHu. 110:⁠1.

³¹ Lapho uJesu engena eJerusalema egibele ithole lembongolo njengoba kwabikezelwa kuZakariya 9:​9, izixuku zamhalalisela ngenjabulo, zisebenzisa kuye umbhalo okumaHubo 118:​26. (Luka 19:​35-38) Kwenye indawo amavesi amabili kaLuka anele ukuhlanganisa amaphuzu ayisithupha imiBhalo yesiHeberu eyawaprofetha ngokuphathelene nokufa kukaJesu okuyihlazo nokuvuka kwakhe. (Luka 18:​32, 33; IHu. 22:⁠7; Isaya 50:⁠6; 53:​5-⁠7; Jona 1:​17) Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuvuka kwakhe, uJesu wakugcizelela ngamandla kubafundi ukubaluleka kwayo yonke imiBhalo yesiHeberu. “Wayesethi kubo: Yiwo lawomazwi ami engawakhuluma kini ngisenani okuthi: Kumelwe ukugcwaliseka konke okulotshwe ngami emthethweni kaMose, nakubaprofethi, nasemaHutsheni. Khona wayesevula ingqondo yabo, ukuze baqonde imibhalo.” (Luka 24:​44, 45) Njengalabo bafundi bakaJesu Kristu bokuqala, nathi singakhanyiselwa futhi sizuze ukholo oluqinile ngokunaka ukugcwaliseka kwemiBhalo yesiHeberu, echazwe ngokunembe kangaka uLuka nabanye abalobi bemiBhalo yamaKristu yesiGreki.

32. Ukulandisa kukaLuka kuwuqokomisa kanjani uMbuso futhi kumelwe sibe yini isimo sethu sengqondo ngoMbuso?

³² Kukho konke ukulandisa kwakhe, uLuka ukhomba njalo umfundi eMbusweni kaNkulunkulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwencwadi, lapho ingelosi ithembisa khona uMariya ukuthi umntwana ayomzala “uyakuba-yinkosi yendlu kaJakobe kuze kube-phakade, nombuso wakhe awukuyiba-nakuphela,” kuze kufike ezahlukweni zokugcina, lapho uJesu ekhuluma khona ngokungenisa abaphostoli esivumelwaneni soMbuso, uLuka uqokomisa ithemba loMbuso. (1:​33; 22:​28, 29) Ubonisa uJesu ehola ekushumayeleni ngoMbuso futhi ethuma abaphostoli abangu-12, futhi kamuva abantu abangu-70, ukuba benze wona kanye lomsebenzi. (4:​43; 9:​1, 2; 10:​1, 8, 9) Ukuzinikela kokuzimisela okudingekile ukuze umuntu angene eMbusweni kugcizelelwa amazwi kaJesu angagunciyo: “Yeka abafileyo bembele abafileyo babo, kodwa hamba wena, ushumayele umbuso kaNkulunkulu,” nathi, “Akakho othi esebeké isandla sakhe egejeni, abuke emuva, ofanele umbuso kaNkulunkulu.”​—⁠9:​60, 62.

33. Nikeza izibonelo zokugcizelela kukaLuka umthandazo. Yisiphi isifundo esingasithola kulokhu?

³³ ULuka ugcizelela indaba yomthandazo. IVangeli lakhe livelele kulokhu. Usitshela ngesixuku esasikhuleka lapho uZakariya esethempelini, ngokuzalwa kukaJohane uMbhapathizi njengempendulo yemithandazo yokucela umntwana, nangokuthandaza kuka-Ana umprofethikazi ubusuku nemini. Lichaza ukuthandaza kukaJesu ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa kwakhe, ukuthandaza kwakhe ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokukhetha abangu-12, nangokuthandaza kwakhe phakathi nokuguquka isimo. UJesu uyala abafundi bakhe ukuba “bamelwe ukukhuleka njalo, bangadangali,” efanekisa lokhu ngomfelokazi owayephikelela enxusa njalo kumahluleli waze wamzwela. ULuka kuphela olandisa ngesicelo sabafundi sokuba uJesu abafundise ukukhuleka nangokuqinisa kwengelosi uJesu njengoba ayethandaza eNtabeni yemiNqumo; futhi nguye kuphela oloba amazwi omthandazo kaJesu wokugcina: “Baba, ezandleni zakho ngiyawubeka umoya wami.” (1:​10, 13; 2:​37; 3:​21; 6:​12; 9:​28, 29; 18:​1-⁠8; 11:⁠1; 22:​39-46; 23:​46) Njengasosukwini uLuka aloba ngalo iVangeli lakhe, kanjalo namuhla umthandazo uyilungiselelo elibalulekile lokuqinisa bonke abenza intando yaphezulu.

34. Yiziphi izimfanelo zikaJesu uLuka azigcizelela njengezibonelo ezinhle zamaKristu?

³⁴ Ngomqondo wakhe oqaphe ngokukhaliphile nangosiba lwakhe olushelelayo, oluchazayo, uLuka ufaka imfudumalo nokuphila ekufundiseni kukaJesu. Uthando, ubumnene, isihawu, nesihe sikaJesu kwababuthakathaka, abacindezelekile, nabasosizini, kuphambana ngokuphelele nenkolo yababhali nabaFarisi engenaluzwela, enemicikilisho, entula ulwazi, enobuzenzisi. (4:​18, 18:⁠9) UJesu unikeza isikhuthazo esihlala njalo nosizo kwabampofu, abathunjwa, izimpumputhe, nabacindezelweyo, ngaleyondlela enikeza izibonelo ezinhle kulabo abafuna ‘ukulandela eduze ezinyathelweni zakhe.’​—⁠1 Pet. 2:⁠21.

35. Kungani singabonga ngempela kuJehova ngelungiselelo lakhe leVangeli likaLuka?

³⁵ Njengoba nje uJesu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu ephelele, eyenza izimangaliso, yabonisa ukukhathalela kothando kubafundi bayo nakubo bonke abantu abanenhliziyo eqotho, nathi kumelwe silwele ukufeza inkonzo yethu ngothando, yebo, “ngemisesane yesihawu sikaNkulunkulu wethu.” (Luka 1:​78) Kulokhu izindaba ezinhle “ngokukaLuka” zinenzuzo kakhulu ngempela futhi ziwusizo. Singabonga ngempela kuJehova ngokuphefumlela uLuka, “inyanga ethandekayo,” ukuba alobe lokhu kulandisa okunembile, okwakhayo, nokukhuthazayo, okukhomba njengoba kwenza ensindisweni ngoMbuso kaJesu Kristu, “insindiso kaNkulunkulu.”​—⁠Kol. 4:​14; Luka 3:⁠6.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]