and this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.”​—Romans 11:25-27, American Standard Version.

More than 19 centuries ago, on Nisan 14, 33 C.E., on the night of the Jewish Passover, the prospective Mediator of that covenant presented a cup of wine to his faithful apostles and made this comment: “This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in your behalf.” (Luke 22:20) But after all this time the Republic of Israel does not recognize Jesus Christ as the Mediator of the covenant foretold in Jeremiah’s prophecy.

10. The believing natural Jews formed how much of Abraham’s “seed” for the blessing of all mankind, and with what consequence?

¹⁰ According to the Israelis, “the deliverer” has not yet come out of Zion. (Isaiah 59:20; Romans 11:26) But on the day of Pentecost of 33 C.E., a remnant of ancient Israel did accept Jesus as the Messiah. That remnant then began to receive the promised holy spirit and to be brought into the foretold new covenant. Yet, a remnant was not sufficient to make up the full membership of the spiritual “bride” of Christ, which is 144,000 strong. (Revelation 7:1-8; 14:1-3; 21:9) Thus not enough natural Israelites became part of the symbolic olive tree rooted in the Greater Abraham, who promised that the ancient patriarch’s “seed” would bring blessings to all the earth’s families, Jewish and non-Jewish.

11, 12. “All Israel” refers to what Israel, and how can this be proved Scripturally?

¹¹ How, then, was “all Israel” to be “saved” by means of the promised “deliverer”? Please note that Paul wrote his letter to the Romans about 56 C.E., after he had written to the Galatians (about 50-52 C.E.). Hence, Romans 11:25-27 was penned after his words at Galatians 6:16 about “the Israel of God.” That Israel is the one with which the new covenant was made by means of Jesus Christ, not the prophet Moses. Jesus was the Mediator for a Christian Israel, a spiritual Israel, that was born as a nation on the day of Pentecost, 33 C.E., when the holy spirit was poured out upon the Jews who accepted Jesus Christ as Mediator of the new covenant.