Asusuuu Sane-Heŋmɛɛmɔ kɛ Saamɔ He!

YEHOWA nine fata Yesu Kristo mra be mli sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ahe. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 11:21) Amɛdi gbɛ ni ji jalɛ gbɛ sɛɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ yelikɛbuamɔ naa. Akɛ amɛ hu amɛkɛ basabasa-feemɔ kpe ni awa amɛyi waa lɛ ji yinɔsane mli anɔkwa sane ni ale jogbaŋŋ.

Emuuyeli mli ni Kristo klɛŋklɛŋ sɛɛnyiɛlɔi anɔkwafoi lɛ hiɛ lɛ efee abɛbua loo anɔkwa sane ko ni ale jogbaŋŋ. Amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ amɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni amɛaaŋmɛɛ he koni amɛkɛsaa saji ahe yɛ be mli ni amɛwala ka oshara mli po. Shi mɛni hewɔ afee amɛ niseniianii waa nakai lɛ?

Anyɛ Amɛ Yakatswaa

Taakɛ Yesu ji lɛ, anɔkwa Kristofoi kɛ amɛhe wooo nibii ni je nɛɛ shweɔ ni amɛna kɛ amɛhemɔkɛyelii amli. (1 Yohane 4:4-6) Agbɛnɛ hu, yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Edmond de Pressensé kɛɛ akɛ Kristojamɔ shweremɔ lɛ “etee nɔ oyayaayai, ni omanye ni eye lɛ jeɔ kpo faŋŋ akɛ, bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni ji lɛ, naataomɔ kpele baaba [amɛkɛ Roma nɔyeli lɛ teŋ].”

Be ko lɛ Yesu kɛ gbalɛ lala ko ni kɛɔ nɛkɛ lɛ to ehe: “Amɛnyɛmi yakatswaa.” (Yohane 15:​25; Lala 69:⁠5) Dani eeekɛɛ ekaselɔi lɛ enɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ etsɔ hiɛ ebɔ amɛ kɔkɔ akɛ: “Nyɔŋ efeee enuŋtsɔ. Kɛ amɛwami yi lɛ, amɛaawa nyɛ hu yi.” (Yohane 15:20) Enajifaamɔi asɛɛnyiɛmɔ efeŋ mlɛo. Nɔ kome ji akɛ, jamɔ mli hiɛnyiɛlɔi ni yɔɔ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ lɛ baabu Yesu kaselɔi Yudafoi lɛ akɛ mɛi ni ekwa Yuda jamɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ. Beni amɛfa Yesu sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ akɛ amɛkawie ehe dɔŋŋ lɛ, amɛkpoo nakai feemɔ, koni amɛkaŋmɛɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli he ni amɛkɛsaa.​—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 4:​17-20; 5:​27-32.

Yɛ odase ni Stefano ye Yudafoi akuashɔŋ lɛ yɛ afi 33 Ŋ.B. Pentekoste sɛɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ, amɛfolɔ Stefano naa akɛ “ewie Mose kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ he musubɔɔ wiemɔi.” Eyɛ mli akɛ naafolɔmɔi lɛ ji amale ni eyɛ hiɛgbele moŋ, shi atswia lɛ tɛi agbe lɛ. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, “nakai gbi lɛ nɔ nɔŋŋ lɛ, yiwalɛ kpele te shi wo asafo ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ,” ni “amɛ fɛɛ amɛgbɛ amɛshwa Yudea kɛ Samaria niiaŋ, ja bɔfoi lɛ kɛkɛ shwɛ.” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 6:​11, 13; 8:⁠1) Awo amɛteŋ mɛi pii atsuŋ.

Wolo ni ji Christianity and the Roman Empire lɛ kɛɔ akɛ, “akɛ hetsɛ ni baaa shi” tiu Yesu sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ. Ni nɔ hewɔ lɛ ji akɛ, yɛ bei pii amli lɛ ehe bahiaa ni Roma nɔyeli lɛ afee nii ni ekɛbu Kristofoi ahe! Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Roma asraafoi lɛ jie bɔfo Paulo kɛjɛ Yudafoi lɛ ni amɛkpɛ amɛyiŋ akɛ amɛbaagbe lɛ lɛ adɛŋ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 21:​26-36) Ni kɛlɛ, toiŋjɔlɛ kpakpa ko bɛ wekukpaa ni ka Kristofoi lɛ kɛ Romabii lɛ teŋ.

Roma Ha Yiwaa lɛ Mli Wo Wu

Aaafee Stefano gbele lɛ sɛɛ afii nɛɛhu lɛ, Roma nɔyelɔ Herode Agripa I ha agbe bɔfo Yakobo bɔni afee ni ekɛsa Yudafoi lɛ ahiɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 12:​1-3) No mli lɛ Kristo mli hemɔkɛyeli egbɛ eshwa kɛyashɛ Roma. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 2:10) La ni tsoɔ grigri kpata maŋtiase lɛ fa titri hiɛ yɛ afi 64 Ŋ.B. Kristofoi lɛ ayiwaa ni yɔɔ gbeyei nyiɛ sɛɛ, ejaakɛ Nero kɛ oshara ni ba nɛɛ he sɔ fɔ amɛnɔ yɛ bɔ ni esumɔɔ ni akpa wiemɔ ni awieɔ akɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni wo nakai la lɛ hewɔ. Ani ewo maŋ lɛ mli la akɛni eesumɔ ni eku sɛɛ etswa maŋ lɛ ehee yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ fɛo babaoo nɔ ni eku sɛɛ ekɛ egbɛi awo maŋ lɛ ni atsɛ lɛ akɛ Neropolis? Aloo ani emaŋnyɛ Poppaea, ni etsake ebatsɔ Yudanyo ni ale lɛ akɛ esumɔɔɔ Kristofoi lɛ asane lɛ ji mɔ ni tsirɛ eyisɛɛ koni efolɔ amɛnaa akɛ amɛ amɛwo la lɛ? Saji amlipɛilɔi bɛ nɔmimaa yɛ enɛ he, shi nɔ ni jɛ mli ba lɛ yɛ gbeyei waa.

Roma yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Tacitus kɛɔ akɛ: “Akɛ hefɛoyeli fata gbele he; akɛ kooloi ahewoji wo Kristofoi lɛ, ni gbeei tsɛrɛ Kristofoi lɛ aloo; akala amɛ akpɛtɛ krɔɔs loo sɛŋmɔtsei ahe; akɛ mu ni baanyɛ ashã amɛ ni amɛtso kpa amɛhe, koni kɛ duŋ wo lɛ ni amɛtsɔmɔ kanei,” adesa kanei ní baaha maŋtsɛ we lɛ abɔɔi lɛ amli akpɛ. Tacitus, ni ejeee Kristofoi lɛ anaanyo lɛ kɛfata he akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ amɛye fɔ, ni toigbalamɔ ni baanyɛ afee nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ sa amɛ moŋ, shi mɔbɔ ni anaa amɛ ji amɛhiɛkpatamɔ, jeee kɛha maŋbii lɛ ahilɛkɛhamɔ, shi nɔ ni jɛ gbɔmɔ kome,” Nero, “yiwalɛ nifeemɔ mli.”

Sɔrɔto-feemɔi ni Mli Ka Shi Faŋŋ

Eyɛ mli akɛ esa Nero hiɛ akɛ eeefolɔ Kristofoi lɛ anaa akɛ amɛ amɛkpata Roma hiɛ moŋ, shi etsiii amɛnaa aloo ni eeegu Kristojamɔ akɛ jamɔ ni yɔɔ Maŋ lɛ mli. Belɛ mɛni hewɔ Romabii lɛ tee nɔ amɛkɛ yiwaa lɛ ba lɛ? Ejaakɛ, taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Will Durant kɛɔ lɛ, “Kristofoi akutsei bibii lɛ kɛ amɛ krɔŋŋ-feemɔ kɛ hetsemɔ shihilɛ lɛ miihao wɔŋjamɔ je lɛ ni ŋɔɔmɔyeli he miishɛɛ eye amɛ sɛkɛ lɛ. Sɔrɔto-feemɔ ni ka Kristojamɔ kɛ Roma akaŋshilɔi ni shwieɔ la shi lɛ ateŋ lɛ da naakpa. Hegbɛ ni Romabii lɛ aaana ni amɛkɛjie Kristofoi lɛ kɛjɛ shihilɛ mli ni amɛkɛjɔɔ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛhenileei ahe lɛ hi tsɔ akɛ amɛaaha eje amɛdɛŋ.

Akɛ jeŋ hewalɛ lɛ, Roma tamɔ maŋ ni anyɛɛɛ aye nɔ kunim. Romabii lɛ he ye akɛ yiŋtoo kome ni haa amɛhe saa yɛ tawuu mli lɛ jɛ nyɔŋmɔi fɛɛ ni amɛjaa amɛ lɛ hewɔ. No hewɔ lɛ eha ebafee nɔ ni wa kɛha amɛ akɛ amɛaanu Kristofoi anyɔŋmɔ kome pɛ jamɔ lɛ kɛ nyɔŋmɔi krokomɛi fɛɛ, ni maŋtsɛ lɛ jamɔ fata he lɛ ní amɛkpooɔ lɛ shishi. Belɛ ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ Roma aaana Kristojamɔ akɛ hewalɛ ni fiteɔ maŋtsɛyeli muu lɛ fɛɛ shishitoo.

Nyɔmɔ ni Awoɔ yɛ Odase ni Ayeɔ lɛ He

Kɛmiiba Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ, atswa bɔfo Yohane naneshi tu kɛtee Patmo ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ nɔ “yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ wiemɔ lɛ kɛ Yesu Kristo he odaseyeli lɛ hewɔ.” (Kpojiemɔ 1:⁠9) Aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ Roma maŋtsɛ Domitian ji mɔ ni kɛ enɛ ba. Yɛ nɔnyɛɛ ni akɛba Yesu sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ anɔ lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, beni aboteɔ afii oha kroko mli lɛ, Kristojamɔ egbɛ eshwa Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli fɛɛ. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni enyɛ eba lɛ nakai hu? Wolo, A History of the Early Church lɛ kɛɔ akɛ Kristojamɔ “sɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ fee lɛ ekome.” Ni taakɛ Yohane ji lɛ, mra be mli Kristofoi ni awaa amɛyi lɛ eŋmɛŋ amɛhemɔkɛyeli he ni amɛkɛsaa, shi moŋ amɛkɛ ekãa tee nɔ amɛwie Nyɔŋmɔ he ni amɛye Yesu he odase.​—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:​20, 21; 2 Timoteo 4:⁠2.

Kristofoi lɛ ayiwaa tsake yɛ afi 112 Ŋ.B., beni Maŋtsɛ Trajan hala Pliny akɛ Bithynia (amrɔ nɛɛ Turkey kooyi-anaigbɛ) amralo lɛ sɛɛ afii enyɔ. Maŋnɔkwɛmɔ gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ gbɔjɔ, ni nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji basabasafeemɔ. Ashi sɔlemɔtsui lɛ amamɔ shi efolo ni ayaaa mli, ni kooloi aniyenii ni aheɔ ahaa kooloi ni akɛ amɛ shaa afɔle lɛ eba shi kwraa. Jarayelɔi wie shi bɔ ni Kristofoi lɛ ajamɔ yɔɔ kuku ni ebɛ haŋtsii lɛ, ejaakɛ amɛbɛ afɔleshaa nii kɛ amagai.

Pliny bɔ mɔdɛŋ waa koni esaa eto wɔŋjamɔ ema shi, yɛ be mli ni Kristofoi gboiɔ akɛni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ amɛkɛ wein kɛ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma aaasha afɔle yɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ amagai lɛ hiɛ lɛ hewɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ Roma nɔyelɔi lɛ kpɛlɛ nɔ, taakɛ Professor Henry Chadwick wie lɛ, akɛ Kristofoi lɛ “ji gbɔmɛi ni yɔɔ jeŋba kpakpa, shi anyɛɛɛ anu nɔ hewɔ ni amɛsumɔɔɔ blema jamɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ kwraa nakai lɛ shishi.” Eyɛ mli akɛ Kristofonyo ni mɔ ko ji lɛ haa akɛ gbele gbalaa etoi moŋ, shi Yesu anɔkwa sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ bɛ susumɔ ko akɛ amɛaaŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni amɛkɛsaa.

Professor W. M. Ramsay kɛɛ akɛ “mlifu ni ba wɔŋjalɔi awekui amli yɛ weku lɛ mlinyo ko ni atsakeɔ lɛ lɛ hewɔ” lɛ ha anyɛ amɛ waa. Ni Dr J. W. O. Wand kɛɛ akɛ, “kwasafo shihilɛ mli bawa waa kɛha mɔ ni nyɛɛɛ atsu kusum-nifeemɔi ahe nii taakɛ ekutsoŋbii feɔ akɛni nakai feemɔ tsɔɔ kpɛlɛmɔ ni ekpɛlɛɔ wɔji anɔ hewɔ lɛ. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ no hewɔ ni mɛi pii bu mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ akɛ mɛi ni nyɛɔ gbɔmɛi kɛ mɛi ni kɛɛ nyɔŋmɔi bɛ lɛ.

Shweremɔ kɛ Yiwaa Babaoo Baa

Polycarp, ni abɔ amaniɛ akɛ bɔfo Yohane tsɔɔ lɛ nii lɛ bafee onukpa ni abuɔ lɛ waa yɛ Smyrna maŋtiase (amrɔ nɛɛ Izmir) lɛ mli. Ashã lɛ yɛ tso he yɛ ehemɔkɛyeli hewɔ yɛ afi 155 Ŋ.B. Roma kpokpaa amralo, Statius Quadratus bua gbɔmɛi asafoi anaa. Wɔŋjalɔi ni teɔ shi woɔ Polycarp ni eye afii 86 lɛ bayi shwɛmɔ he lɛ obɔ, akɛni esumɔɔɔ ni ajaa amɛnyɔŋmɔi hewɔ, ni Yudafoi ni eye jamɔ he sɛkɛ hu jɛ amɛsuɔmɔ mli amɛbua lai ni akɛbaashã Polycarp lɛ anaa, eyɛ mli akɛ amɛfee enɛ yɛ Hejɔɔmɔ Gbi Wulu lɛ nɔ.

Yɛ no sɛɛ lɛ akɛ yiwaa babaoo ba Kristofoi lɛ anɔ yɛ Roma je lɛ fɛɛ mli. Agbe Kristofoi babaoo diɛŋtsɛ yɛ Maŋtsɛ Marcus Aurelius nɔyeli beaŋ. Kɛ amɛji Romabii lɛ, akɛ klante gbeɔ amɛ; shi kɛ amɛji gbɔi lɛ ahaa kooloi gbeɔ amɛ yɛ amɛshwɛmɔ hei lɛ. Mɛni ji efɔŋ ni amɛfee? Amɛji Kristofoi kɛkɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ amɛaaŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni amɛkɛsaa aloo ni amɛaakwa amɛhemɔkɛyeli.

Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ French maŋtiase ni ji Lyons da kɛjɛ Roma shihemɔ maŋ ni ji Lugdunum, he ni nɔyeli lɛ yitso yɔɔ, kɛ he pɛ ni Roma asraafoi akuu ko yɔɔ ni ka Roma kɛ Rhine Faa lɛ teŋ lɛ mli. Beni shɛɔ afi 177 Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ Kristofoi akutso ko ni he wa waa yɛ jɛmɛ ni wɔŋjalɔi lɛ kɛ mlifu te shi wo amɛ waa. Enɛ je shishi beni aŋmɛɛɛ Kristofoi lɛ agbɛ ni amɛya hei ni maŋbii lɛ kpeɔ amɛjieɔ amɛhiɛtserɛ yɛ lɛ. Gbɔmɛi asafoi je basabasafeemɔ shishi, ni bɔ ni yiwaa ni nyiɛ sɛɛ ba lɛ mli wa sɔŋŋ hewɔ lɛ, Kristofonyo ko nyɛɛɛ aje kpo kɛjɛ eshia. Roma amralo lɛ fa ni atao Kristofoi ni agbe amɛ.

Nyɔmɔwoo Lɛ

Beni Yesu bɔfoi lɛ gboi ni amɛhewalɛ ni tsiɔ nibii anaa lɛ ho pɛ kɛkɛ ni hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ je shishi yɛ mɛi ni tsɛɔ amɛhe Kristofoi lɛ ateŋ. (2 Tesalonikabii 2:⁠7) Kɛmiiba Ŋ.B. afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ naagbee mli ni Kristojamɔ ni ekwa hemɔkɛyeli lɛ batsɔ Maŋ jamɔ. No mli lɛ efite aahu po akɛ efee klalo akɛ eeeŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni ekɛsaa ni eha ale lɛ akɛ je lɛ fa​—nɔ ko ni Yesu kɛ emra be mli kaselɔi lɛ efeee kɔkɔɔkɔ. (Yohane 17:16) No mli lɛ atsɔ hiɛ agbe Biblia wolo kpo muu lɛ fɛɛ, ni Kristofoi ahemɔkɛyeli lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ naa.

Ani klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi akpei abɔ lɛ apiŋmɔ kɛ gbele lɛ fee efolo? Dabi kwraa! Akɛni amɛbɛ jwɛŋmɔ ko akɛ amɛaaŋmɛɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli he ni amɛkɛsaa hewɔ lɛ, ‘amɛye anɔkwa kɛyashi gbele mli, ni aha amɛ naanɔ wala akekre lɛ.’ (Kpojiemɔ 2:10) Yehowa tsuji nuɔ yiwaa he lolo, shi mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli kɛ emuuyeli mlihiɛmɔ ji hewalɛwoo jɛɛhe kpele kɛha amɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Kristofoi hu susuuu saji ahe ni amɛaaŋmɛɛ ni amɛkɛsaa he.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 8, 9]

Nero

Bɔ ni Roma nɔyeli maŋtiase lɛ yɔɔ ha

Afɔleshaa latɛ ni atuu aha Kaisare jamɔ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Nero: Courtesy of The British Museum

Museo della Civiltà Romana, Roma

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]

Marcus Aurelius

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

The Bettmann Archive