Jwetri ko ni Aŋɔtee lɛ Eje Kpo Faŋŋ—Makarios Biblia lɛ He Sane

YƐ AFI 1993 mli lɛ, sanemlipɛilɔ ko yana Orthodox Review woji tɛtrɛbii memeji babaoo ni amɛkwa ni ato yɛ ŋmoŋmolo nɔ yɛ Russian National Library (Russia Maŋ Wojiatoohe) ni yɔɔ St. Petersburg lɛ. Nɔ ni yɔɔ woji tɛtrɛbii ni afee yɛ afi 1860 kɛyashi 1867 lɛ baafai lɛ amli ji jwetri ko ni akɛtee Russiabii lɛ fe afii oha ni eho nɛ. Eji Hebri Ŋmalɛi, loo “Kpaŋmɔ Momo” ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ fɛɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi kɛtee Russia wiemɔ mli!

Mikhail Iakovlevich Glukharev ni ale lɛ akɛ Archimandrite Makarios lɛ, kɛ Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky ji Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔlɔi lɛ. Mɛi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ ji Russia Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli bii ni ale amɛ jogbaŋŋ, kɛ wiemɔ he nilelɔi hu. Beni hii nɛɛ je amɛ nitsumɔ lɛ shishi yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii oha lɛ mra beaŋ lɛ, no mli lɛ, atsɔko Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ shishi kɛyako Russia wiemɔ mli lolo.

Eji anɔkwale akɛ no mli lɛ atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee Slavonic, ni ji wiemɔ ni tsɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Russia wiemɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli. Shi, beni shɛɔ afii ohai 19 lɛ teŋgbɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ akɛ Slavonic wiemɔ lɛ tsuuu nii dɔŋŋ, ja yɛ jamɔŋ nifeemɔi amli pɛ, he ni osɔfoi lɛ kɛtsuɔ nii yɛ lɛ. Shihilɛ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ etee nɔ yɛ Anaigbɛ dã, he ni Roma Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛha Biblia lɛ ahi Latin wiemɔ pɛ mli, yɛ be mli ni Latin ebatsɔ wiemɔ ni akpa wiemɔ kwraa sɛɛ lɛ.

Makarios kɛ Pavsky bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛha gbɔmɛi foji lɛ anine ashɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, amɛ nitsumɔ ni hiɛ ekpa nɔ kwraa ni ana lɛ, ha anyɛ atswa woloŋlee kɛ jamɔŋ gboshinii lɛ fã ko ni he hiaa ni yɔɔ Russia lɛ ama shi ekoŋŋ.

Shi, namɛi diɛŋtsɛ ji Makarios kɛ Pavsky? Ni mɛni hewɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛbɔ koni amɛŋma Biblia lɛ yɛ wiemɔ ni gbɔmɛi lɛ nuɔ waa mli lɛ kɛ naatsii ni tamɔ nakai kpe? Amɛ sane lɛ yɛ miishɛɛ waa, ni eji nɔ ni woɔ gbɔmɛi fɛɛ ni sumɔɔ Biblia lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli hewalɛ.

Nɔ Hewɔ ni Biblia he Bahia yɛ Russia Wiemɔ Mli

Jeee Makarios kɛ Pavsky ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɛi ni na akɛ Biblia ni aŋma yɛ wiemɔ ni gbɔmɛi lɛ nuɔ jogbaŋŋ mli lɛ he miihia. Yɛ afii oha ni tsɔ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Russia maŋtsɛ Peter I, loo Peter Kpeteŋkpele lɛ hu na hiamɔ ni tamɔ nakai. Nɔ ni sa kadimɔ waa ji akɛ, ekɛ bulɛ susu Ŋmalɛi Krɔŋkrɔŋi lɛ ahe, ni akɛɛ ekɛɛ akɛ: “Biblia lɛ ji wolo ko ni hi fe ekrokomɛi fɛɛ, ni nibii fɛɛ ni kɔɔ gbɔmɔ gbɛnaa nii kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ enaanyo he lɛ yɛ mli.”

Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, yɛ afi 1716 lɛ, Peter fã e-maŋtsɛwe lɛ mli bii lɛ koni amɛha akala Biblia lɛ yɛ Amsterdam koni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ewo he nyɔmɔ. Abaaŋmala ŋmalɛi yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli yɛ afã kome, kɛ Dutch wiemɔ hu yɛ afã kroko yɛ baafa fɛɛ baafa. Yɛ afi pɛ sɛɛ nɔŋŋ, yɛ afi 1717 lɛ, agbe Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ, loo “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” lɛ fã lɛ naa.

Beni shɛɔ afi 1721 lɛ, no mli lɛ akala Dutch Hebri Ŋmalɛi wolokpoi ejwɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi awo egbɛhe lɛ. Ashi afã kome, he ni yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ abaaŋmala ŋmalɛi yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ efolo. Peter kɛ Bibliai lɛ yaha “Osɔfoi Agwabɔɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ” ni yɔɔ Russia Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔ mli lɛ—ni ji jamɔŋ hewalɛ ni fe fɛɛ ni yɔɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ—koni amɛha agbe ekalamɔ lɛ naa, ni amɛkwɛ koni aja. Shi, osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ tsuuu he nii kɛgbeee naa.

Yɛ nɔ ni shɛɛɛ afii ejwɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Peter gbo. Mɛni ba e-Bibliai lɛ anɔ? Aŋmalaaa nɔ ko nɔ ko awooo afã ni aje gbɛ ashi kɛha ŋmalɛi yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ kwraa. Abua Bibliai lɛ pii naa awo tsũ ko shishi, ni amɛfite yɛ jɛmɛ—anaaa wolo lɛ ekome folo po yɛ sɛɛ mli ni fiteko! Osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ yiŋkpɛɛ ji akɛ, “amɛbaahɔɔ nɔ ni eshwɛ lɛ fɛɛ amɛha jarayelɔi gbɛfãlɔi lɛ.”

Aje Shishitsɔɔmɔ he Mɔdɛŋbɔɔ Shishi

Yɛ afi 1812 lɛ, John Paterson ni ji British and Foreign Bible Society (Ŋleshi kɛ Maŋsɛɛ Wiemɔ Biblia Asafo) lɛ mli nyo lɛ ba Russia. Paterson tee St. Petersburg nilelɔi akuu lɛ amiishɛɛ kɛha Biblia asafo shishitoo lɛ shi. Yɛ December 6, 1812—nakai afi lɛ nɔŋŋ mli ni Russia asraafoi lɛ shwie Napoléon I tabilɔi ni baa abatutua maŋ lɛ—Maŋtsɛ Alexander I kpɛlɛ yɛ mla naa koni ato Russsia Biblia asafo shishi. Yɛ afi 1815 lɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ fã asafo lɛ sɛinɔtalɔ lɛ, ni ji Prince Aleksandr Golitsyn koni ewo jamɔŋ nɔyelɔi lɛ hewalɛ akɛ: “Esa akɛ Russiabii lɛ hu aná hegbɛ ni amɛkane Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ yɛ amɛ Russia maŋ wiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ mli.”

Nɔ ni sa yijiemɔ ji akɛ, akɛ hegbɛ ha koni atsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli kɛjɛ shishijee Hebri lɛ mli tɛ̃ɛ. Blema Hela Septuagint lɛ fee nɔ ni adamɔ nɔ atsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛtee Slavonic mli. Akɛɛ gbɔmɛi ni baatsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ akɛ, esa akɛ shishitoo mlai ni yɔɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ titri afee ejalɛ, nɔ ni yɔɔ faŋŋ, kɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ krɔŋŋ. Mɛni jɛ shishijee mɔdɛŋ ni abɔ koni aná Biblia lɛ yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ mli ba?

Ani Eji Nɔ ko ni Kɛ Biblia Shishitsɔɔmɔ Baaba Naagbee?

Gbɛjianɔtoi ni sumɔɔɔ tsakemɔ ni yɔɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ nɔyeli lɛ mli lɛ fɛɛ bɔi amɛhe nɔ kwɛmɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ maŋsɛɛ jamɔŋ kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ hewalɛ ni amɛaana yɛ amɛnɔ lɛ he. Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli hiɛnyiɛlɔi komɛi tee nɔ amɛkɛɛ akɛ Slavonic—ni ji wiemɔ ni akɛɛ esa kɛha jamɔ lɛ—tsɔɔ Biblia shɛɛ sane lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ fe Russia wiemɔ.

Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, yɛ afi 1826 lɛ, agu Russian Bible Society (Russia Biblia Asafo) lɛ. Ashã shishitsɔɔmɔi woji komekomei ni Biblia asafo lɛ efee lɛ akpekpei abɔ. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, Biblia lɛ bafee nɔ ni he ehiaaa kɛ akɛto jamɔŋ nifeemɔi kɛ blema saji ahe. Akɛni amɛnyiɛ Roma Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ sɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, jamɔŋ nɔyelɔi lɛ wo akpɔ yɛ afi 1836 akɛ: “Gbɔmɔ folo ni yaa sɔlemɔ lɛ yɛ hegbɛ ni eboɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ toi, shi mɔ ko mɔ ko bɛ hegbɛ akɛ ekaneɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ fãi komɛi, titri lɛ, Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ ni mɔ ko etsɔɔɔ lɛ.” Ebafee tamɔ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ eba naagbee.

Pavsky Nitsumɔ Lɛ

Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Gerasim Pavsky, ni ji Hebri wiemɔ lɛ he nilelɔ, je Hebri Ŋmalɛi ni aaatsɔɔ shishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ he nitsumɔ shishi. Yɛ afi 1821 mli lɛ, egbe Lalai awolo lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ naa. Maŋtsɛ lɛ kpɛlɛ nɔ amrɔ nɔŋŋ, ni beni shɛɔ January 1822 lɛ ajie Lalai awolo lɛ kpo aha maŋbii lɛ. Akpɛlɛ nɔ amrɔ nɔŋŋ, ni ebi koni asaa akala nakai shii 12 ekoŋŋ—ni fɛɛ feɔ woji komekomei 100,000!

Nilee ni Pavsky yɔɔ lɛ ha wiemɔ he nilelɔi kɛ jamɔ he nilelɔi pii kɛ bulɛ ha lɛ. Awie ehe akɛ eji nuu ni wieɔ yɛ faŋŋ mli kɛ mɔ ni yeɔ anɔkwa ni haaa ŋaa ni atsɔɔ yɛ teemɔŋ ni ebɔle ehe kɛkpe lɛ ana enɔ hewalɛ. Yɛ shitee-kɛ-woo ni sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛba Russian Bible Society (Russia Biblia Asafo) lɛ nɔ, kɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ mɛi komɛi nuɔ he akɛ eji maŋsɛɛ nifeemɔi lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Nilelɔ Pavsky tee nɔ etsɔɔ Biblia kukuji lɛ ashishi kɛtee Russia wiemɔ mli yɛ be mli ni etsɔɔ enikaselɔi anii lɛ. E-nikaselɔi ni nyaa he lɛ kɛ amɛniji ŋmala eshishitsɔɔmɔi lɛ, ni yɛ be ni sa mli lɛ amɛnyɛ amɛbua enitsumɔ lɛ naa. Yɛ afi 1839 lɛ, amɛfee ekãa, ni amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛkɛ nikasemɔhe tsɔne ni akɛkalaa woji lɛ kala woji komekomei 150—ní amɛbiii mɛi ni kwɛɔ woji ni akalaa lɛ anɔ lɛ gbɛ.

Pavsky shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ na ekanelɔi lɛ anɔ hewalɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ, ni bɔ ni abiɔ shi lɛ tee nɔ efa. Shi yɛ afi 1841 lɛ, akɛ naafolɔmɔ ni aleee mɔ ni kɛba lɛ yaha osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ yɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ “oshara” ni yɔɔ nɛkɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ he, atsɔɔ mli akɛ egba afã kɛjɛ Ortodɔks tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he. Afii enyɔ sɛɛ lɛ, osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ wo akpɔ ko akɛ: “Ahe G. Pavsky Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ, kɛ nɔ ni ákala ni yɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ yɛ edɛ̃ ni akpata hiɛ.”

Nyɔŋmɔ Gbɛi lɛ Hiɛnyamwoo

Shi kɛlɛ, Pavsky etee miishɛɛ ni yɔɔ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ mli lɛ shi. Eto nɔ ko ni he baahia he gbɛjianɔ kɛha wɔsɛɛ be shishitsɔɔlɔi yɛ sane kroko ni he hiaa lɛ he—Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ he gbɛjianɔtoo.

Korsunsky, ni ji Russianyo ni pɛiɔ nii amli lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: ‘Hebri niŋmaai okadii ejwɛ, יהוה (YHWH) feɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ, egbɛi lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni yɔɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ fe fɛɛ, ni atsɛɔ no bianɛ akɛ Yehowa lɛ.’ Yɛ blema Biblia woji komekomei amli lɛ, nakai Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi ni esoro lɛ kwraa lɛ jeɔ kpo shii akpei abɔ yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ pɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, Yudafoi lɛ kɛ tɔ̃mɔ bahe amɛye akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ yɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ tsɔ akɛ aaaŋma loo aaatsɛ. Korsunsky wie kɛkɔ enɛ he akɛ: ‘Bei babaoo lɛ, akɛ Adonai, ni ji wiemɔ ko ni afɔɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ akɛ “Nuntsɔ” lɛ toɔ najiaŋ yɛ wiemɔ aloo niŋmaa mli.’

Yɛ faŋŋ mli lɛ, apasa hemɔkɛyeli mli gbeyeishemɔ hewɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ kpa nitsumɔ—shi jeee Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyeishemɔ hewɔ. He ko he ko bɛ Biblia lɛ mli ni jeɔ mɔ ko nijiaŋ wui koni ekɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ akatsu nii. Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ kɛɛ Mose akɛ: “Bɔ ni okɛɛ Israelbii lɛ nɛ: Yehowa, nyɛtsɛmɛi a-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ . . . tsu mi nyɛŋɔɔ nɛɛ; enɛ ji migbɛi kɛyaa naanɔ, ni enɛ ji mikaimɔ kɛyaa yinɔi fɛɛ.” (2 Mose 3:15) Ŋmalɛi lɛ woɔ jálɔi ahewalɛ shii abɔ akɛ: “Nyɛdaa Yehowa shi, nyɛtsɛa egbɛi lɛ!” (Yesaia 12:4) Enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔi pii hala akɛ amɛaanyiɛ Yudafoi lɛ ablema nifeemɔ lɛ sɛɛ, ni amɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ tsuuu nii.

Shi kɛlɛ, Pavsky enyiɛɛɛ blema nifeemɔi nɛɛ asɛɛ. Gbɛi Yehowa lɛ jeɔ kpo fe shii 35 yɛ Lalai awolo lɛ ni etsɔɔ shishi lɛ pɛ mli. Ekãa ni efee lɛ yaná eyinɔbii lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome nɔ hewalɛ yɛ gbɛ ni sa kadimɔ waa nɔ.

Archimandrite Makarios Lɛ

Nɛkɛ eyinɔnyo nɛɛ ji archimandrite Makarios lɛ, ni ji Russia Ortodɔks maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa jajelɔ ni nuɔ wiemɔi babaoo jogbaŋŋ lɛ. Beni eji gbekɛ fioo ni eye afii kpawo lɛ, enyɛɔ etsɔɔ Russia Ŋmalɛi amli wiemɔi kukuji ashishi kɛyaa Latin wiemɔ mli. Beni eyeɔ afii 20 lɛ, no mli lɛ enuɔ Hebri, German kɛ French. Shi kɛlɛ, heshibaa su kɛ henumɔ ni mli wa ni eyɔɔ yɛ egbɛnaa nii kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ ye ebua lɛ ni etsi ehe kɛjɛ naagba ni yɔɔ ekãa ni anáa fe nine lɛ he. Etee gbɔmɛi ni nuɔ wiemɔi pii kɛ nilelɔi krokomɛi aŋɔɔ shii abɔ kɛtao ŋaawoo.

Makarios miisumɔ koni esaa maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa jajemɔ nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ Russia lɛ ekoŋŋ. Enu he akɛ, dani abaanyɛ atsɔɔ Moslembii kɛ Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Russia lɛ Kristojamɔ lɛ, esa akɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ “aha maŋbii lɛ ale kɛtsɔ skul sɔrɔtoi ashishitoo kɛ Bibliai ni aŋmala yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli ni aaaja lɛ nɔ.” Yɛ March 1839 lɛ, Makarios yashɛ St. Petersburg, kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ akɛ enine baashɛ gbɛŋmɛɛ nɔ koni etsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli.

No mli lɛ, Makarios etsɔɔ Biblia woji ni ji Yesaia kɛ Hiob lɛ shishi momo. Shi, osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ kpoo akɛ amɛaaŋmɛ lɛ gbɛ koni etsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, akɛɛ Makarios koni ejie ejwɛŋmɔ kɛjɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ kɛmiiya Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ nɔ kwraa. Osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ wo akpɔ ko, ni je kpo yɛ April 11, 1841 ni miifã Makarios “koni ekɛ otsii etɛ kɛmiishɛ ekpaa asɔmɔ yɛ osɔfonukpa ko shia ni yɔɔ Tomsk lɛ mli, koni ekɛkpa ehe eshai ahe fai bɔni afee ni etsuu ehenilee he kɛtsɔ sɔlemɔ kɛ shikulamɔ nɔ.”

Makarios Ekãafeeemɔ Lɛ

Kɛjɛ December 1841 kɛyashi January 1842 lɛ, Makarios kɛ tsu ehe eshaifaa sɔlemɔ lɛ he nii egbe naa. Shi beni egbe no feemɔ naa nɔŋŋ kɛkɛ ni eje Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni eshwɛ lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ shishi. Enine shɛ Pavsky Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ eko nɔ, ni ekɛtsu nii ni ekɛto nɔ ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ etsɔɔ shishi lɛ he akɛ eja lo. Taakɛ Pavsky ji lɛ, ekpoo akɛ ekɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ aaatee. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Gbɛi Yehowa lɛ je kpo fe shii 3,500 yɛ Makarios shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli!

Makarios kɛ woji ni efee lɛ ekomɛi maje enanemɛi ni kpɛlɛɔ nɔ lɛ. Eyɛ mli akɛ aja woji ni akɛ niji eŋmala lɛ fioo komɛi moŋ, shi sɔlemɔ lɛ tee nɔ amɛtsĩ wolo ni efee lɛ akalamɔ naa. Makarios to gbɛjianɔ koni eha e-Biblia lɛ ayashɛ maŋsɛɛ. Hela mɔ lɛ gbi gbɛkɛ ni ebaashi lɛ, ni egbo yɛ no sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ yɛ afi 1847 mli. Akalaaa Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ ni efee lɛ kwraa yɛ ewala shihilɛ mli.

Ákala Agbɛnɛ!

Yɛ naagbee lɛ, maŋkwramɔŋ kɛ jamɔŋ gbɛjianɔtoi lɛ tsake. Shihilɛ hee ni ŋmɛɔ susumɔi sɔrɔtoi agbɛ lɛ te shi yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ fɛɛ, ni yɛ afi 1856 lɛ osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ shikome ekoŋŋ koni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya Russia wiemɔ mli. Yɛ shihilɛ ni etee hiɛ nɛɛ mli akala Makarios Biblia lɛ fiofio awo fãi sɔrɔtoi amli awo Orthodox Review wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ mli kɛjɛ 1860 kɛyashi 1867 yɛ saneyitso ni ji An Experiment of Translation Into the Russian Language (Shishitsɔɔmɔ Kɛmiiya Russia Wiemɔ lɛ Mli He Nɔ ko ni Aaka Aakwɛ) lɛ shishi.

Osɔfonukpa Filaret ni yɔɔ Chernigov, ni ji Russia jamɔ woji akaselɔ lɛ kpɛlɛ Makarios Biblia lɛ nɔ akɛ: “Eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛ Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ yaa, ni eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli wiemɔi yɛ krɔŋŋ ni ekɔɔ sane lɛ he.”

Shi kɛlɛ, ajieee Makarios Biblia lɛ kpo ahaaa maŋbii lɛ kwraa. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, hiɛ kpa fɛɛ nɔ. Yɛ afi 1876 mli lɛ, atsɔɔ Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ, ni Hebri kɛ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ fata he lɛ shishi kɛtee Russia wiemɔ mli yɛ osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ nɔkpɛlɛmɔ naa. Afɔɔ nɛkɛ Biblia ni agbe naa nɛɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ osɔfoi agwabɔɔ mli shishitsɔɔmɔ. Nɔ ni kɛ ehe kpãaa gbee lɛ, Makarios shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ, kɛ Pavsky nɔ lɛ ni fata he lɛ fee nɔ titri ni akɛtsu nii kɛha nɛkɛ “mla naa” Russia Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ. Shi akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ tsu nii yɛ hei fioo komɛi ni ejeɔ kpo yɛ, yɛ Hebri wiemɔ mli lɛ pɛ.

Makarios Biblia lɛ Ŋmɛnɛ

Atee nɔ akɛ Makarios Biblia lɛ tee aahu kɛbashi 1993. Taakɛ wɔna kɛtsɔ hiɛ yɛ hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ lɛ mli lɛ, yɛ nakai be lɛ mli ana wolo lɛ eko yɛ Orthodox Review woji tɛtrɛbii ni etsɛ lɛ amli, ni ato awo he ni woji ni anaaa lɛ yɔɔ yɛ Russian National Library (Russia Maŋ Wojiatoohe) lɛ mli. Yehowa Odasefoi yɔse bɔ ni ehe hiaa koni aha maŋbii lɛ anine ashɛ Biblia nɛɛ nɔ. Wojiatoohe lɛ ŋmɛ Yehowa Odasefoi a-Jamɔ Gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ Russia lɛ gbɛ koni amɛnine ashɛ Makarios Biblia ni afee lɛ eko nɔ, bɔni afee ni amɛnyɛ amɛto he gbɛjianɔ ni akala.

Kɛkɛ ni Yehowa Odasefoi to gbɛjianɔ koni akala nɛkɛ Biblia nɛɛ aaafee 300,000 yɛ Italia ni aja yɛ Russia fɛɛ kɛ maji krokomɛi ni awieɔ Russia wiemɔ yɛ mli lɛ. Kɛfata Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo ni Makarios fee lɛ ahe lɛ, Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ ni ji Lalai awolo lɛ ni Pavsky tsɔɔ shishi lɛ, kɛ osɔfoi agwabɔɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ ni yɔɔ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli ni Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔ lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ ni afee lɛ hu fata he.

Yɛ January, yɛ afi nɛɛ mli lɛ, ajie lɛ kpo yɛ be mli ni afeɔ sane hee ni eje kpo he kpee yɛ St. Petersburg, Russia lɛ. (Kwɛmɔ baafa 26.) Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, gbɔmɛi ni kaneɔ Russia wiemɔ lɛ baanu nibii ashishi jogbaŋŋ ni Biblia hee nɛɛ baatswa amɛ ema shi.

No hewɔ lɛ, Biblia nɛɛ feemɔ ji jamɔŋ kɛ wolo kanemɔ mli kunimyeli! Agbɛnɛ hu, eji hemɔkɛyeli mli hewalɛwoo kaimɔ nɔ̃ ni tsɔɔ anɔkwale ni wiemɔi ni yɔɔ Yesaia 40:8 lɛ ji lɛ: “Jwɛi gbiɔ, ni fɔfɔi hu ŋalaa: shi wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ!”

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Mɛi ni Wieɔ Shiɔ Nii lɛ Jie Biblia lɛ Yi Waa Diɛŋtsɛ

“AJIE wolo kroko hu ni aŋma lɛ kpo: Makarios Biblia lɛ.” Adafitswaa wolo ni ji Komsomolskaya Pravda lɛ kɛ nakai shishijee wiemɔ lɛ tswa Makarios Biblia lɛ ni ajie lɛ kpo lɛ he adafi.

Beni adafitswaa wolo nɛɛ yɔse akɛ amɛ aahu kɛyashi nɔ ni shɛɔ “afii 120 ni eho” lɛ dani Biblia lɛ pue klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ Russiabii awiemɔ mli ni adafitswaa wolo nɛɛ ye awerɛho akɛ: “Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ afii babaoo te shi wo woji krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ashishi ni atsɔɔ kɛyaa wiemɔ ni ekanemɔ waaa mli lɛ. Yɛ be mli ni sɔlemɔ lɛ ekpoo shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo lɛ, yɛ naagbee lɛ ekpɛlɛ amɛteŋ ekome nɔ yɛ afi 1876, ni abale no akɛ osɔfoi agwabɔɔ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, aŋmɛɛɛ gbɛ koni akane yɛ sɔlemɔi lɛ amli. Kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ, Biblia kome pɛ ni ale yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ yɛ Slav wiemɔ mli.”

Adafitswaa wolo ni ji St. Petersburg Echo lɛ hu tsɔɔ sɛɛnamɔ ni yɔɔ Makarios Biblia lɛ feemɔ he, ni ekɛɛ akɛ: “Woloŋlelɔi ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔ̃ɔ amɛnɔ ni jɛ St. Petersburg State University, Herzen Pedagogical University, kɛ State Museum of Religious History lɛ jie Biblia hee nɛɛ yi waa diɛŋtsɛ.” Beni adafitswaa wolo lɛ wieɔ Biblia lɛ ni Makarios kɛ Pavsky tsɔɔ shishi kɛtee Russia wiemɔ mli yɛ naagbee afii oha lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ fã lɛ mli lɛ he lɛ ekɛɛ: “Kɛbashi nakai be lɛ mli yɛ Russia lɛ, no mli lɛ abaanyɛ akane Biblia lɛ yɛ Slav wiemɔ pɛ ni osɔfoi akuu lɛ mli bii pɛ nuɔ shishi lɛ mli.”

Abɔ Makarios Biblia lɛ ni Yehowa Odasefoi jie kpo lɛ he amaniɛ yɛ kpee ko ni afee yɛ St. Petersburg yɛ afi nɛɛ shishijee mli lɛ mli.” Maŋ lɛ adafitswaa wolo Nevskoye Vremya lɛ kɛɛ: “Woloŋlelɔi ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔɔ amɛnɔ lɛ . . . ma nɛ mi akɛ esa akɛ abu wolo lɛ akɛ anɔkwale ko ni he hiaa waa diɛŋtsɛ yɛ Russia kɛ St. Petersburg hiŋmɛigbelemɔ shihilɛ mli. Yɛ nɔ ni mɔ ko baasusu yɛ jamɔŋ gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ nitsumɔ he lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he akɛ, Biblia lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ni aleee kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ he yɛ sɛɛnamɔ waa diɛŋtsɛ.”

Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, mɛi ni sumɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ fɛɛ ná miishɛɛ beni aná e-wiemɔ ni aŋma lɛ yɛ wiemɔ ni gbɔmɛi foji lɛ baanyɛ akane ni amɛnu shishi lɛ mli lɛ. Mɛi ni sumɔɔ Biblia ni yɔɔ he fɛɛ he lɛ yɛ miishɛɛ akɛ aná Biblia shsishitsɔɔmɔ kroko aha gbɔmɛi akpekpei abɔ ni yɔɔ jeŋ fɛɛ ni wieɔ Russia wiemɔ lɛ.

[Mfoniri]

Atswa Makarios Biblia ni ajie lɛ kpo lɛ he adafi yɛ adafitswaa woji aŋmalalɔi akpee nɛɛ shishi

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 23]

Russia Maŋ Wojiatoohe he ni ana jwetri ni aŋɔtee lɛ yɛ lɛ

Peter Kpeteŋkpele lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni eha afee Biblia lɛ yɛ Russia wiemɔ mli

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Corbis-Bettmann

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 24]

Gerasim Pavsky, mɔ ni fata he ni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee Russia wiemɔ mli lɛ

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 24]

Archimandrite Makarios lɛ mɔ ni akɛ egbɛi wo Russia Biblia hee lɛ