Jwetri ko ni Aŋɔtee Afii Ohai Abɔ

AYANA nakai jwetri lɛ yɛ December, afi 1922 naagbee gbɛ, beni Georgia woloŋlelɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Ivané Javakhishvili lɛ pɛiɔ bɔ ni fee ni aná Georgia niŋmaa okadii lɛ mli lɛ. Ena Yudafoi amlai kɛ kusumii ni aŋmala (Yerusalem Talmud) lɛ ekome. Beni ekwɛɔ niŋmaa lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ, eyɔse ákɛ akɛ Georgia niŋmaa okadii ŋmala nibii komɛi yɛ tao lɛ nɔ, ni agbe niŋmaa lɛ fã kɛ fã dani aŋmala Hebri niŋmai lɛ ashwie nɔ.a

Georgia niŋmai ni ana ni “etee ehe” yɛ Talmud lɛ shishi lɛ ji Biblia mli wolo ni ji Yeremia wolo lɛ fã ko ni aŋma kɛjɛ afi 400 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli tɔ̃ɔ lɛ. Dani ayana enɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ Biblia ni aŋmala yɛ Georgia wiemɔ mli ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ ehi shi kɛjɛ afi 800 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli. No sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ lɛ, ayana Biblia mli woji fãi krokomɛi ni aŋmala kɛjɛ afi 400 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli loo mra mli po fe nakai. Feemɔ he mfoniri okwɛ ni oyana Biblia wolo ni aŋma yɛ Yesu kɛ ebɔfoi lɛ agbele sɛɛ afii ohai fioo komɛi!

Namɔ tsɔɔ enɛ shishi? Ani mɔ aŋkro ko ji mɔ ni tsɔɔ shishi aloo wiemɔ shishitsɔɔlɔi akuu ko ni etuu amɛhe amɛha wiemɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ? Kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ anako nɔ ko yɛ yinɔsane mli ni baaha sane nɛɛ hetoo. Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni sane lɛ ji lɛ, eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ, loo kɛ́ hooo kwraa lɛ efãi komɛi ashishi kɛtee Georgia wiemɔ mli kɛjɛ afi 300 Ŋ.B. afiiaŋ tɔ̃ɔ, ni kɛjɛ no beaŋ kɛbaa nɛɛ, aná Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ yɛ Georgiabii awiemɔ mli.

Ana sane ko ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni Georgiabii lɛ le Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli jogbaŋŋ lɛ yɛ wolo ko (The Martyrdom of St. Shushanik the Queen) mli, ni ekolɛ aŋma sane nɛɛ yɛ afi 400 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ naagbee gbɛ. Beni mɔ ni ŋma wolo lɛ gbaa mɔbɔ sane ni kɔɔ manyɛ lɛ gbele lɛ he lɛ, etsɛ saji ayisɛɛ kɛjɛ Lalai awolo lɛ, Sanekpakpai lɛ, kɛ Biblia lɛŋ woji krokomɛi amli; ekɛ eko hu totoo Biblia lɛ fãi krokomɛi lɛ amli saji lɛ ahe. Etsɔɔ hu akɛ, bɔni afee ni maŋnyɛ Shushanik wu ni atsɛɔ lɛ Varsken, ni yeɔ Georgia kpokpaa ni ji Kartli lɛ nɔ lumɔ lɛ anyɛ ajɔɔ Persia lumɛi lɛ atsui he lɛ, ekɛ “Kristoi Ajamɔ” fo tako mli, ni ekɛ ehe yadɔmɔ Persiabii ajamɔ ko (Zoroastrianism), ni enyɛ eŋa nɔ koni lɛ hu efee nakai. Wolo lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ, maŋnyɛ lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ akɛ ebaakwa ehemɔkɛyeli lɛ; ni ená miishɛjemɔ kɛjɛ Ŋmalɛi amli dani agbe lɛ.

Kɛjɛ afi 400 Ŋ.B. kɛbaa nɛɛ, eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ akpako Georgia Biblia lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ, ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala ekrokomɛi hu. Biblia babaoo ni akɛ niji eŋmala yɛ Georgia wiemɔ mli lɛ yeɔ odase akɛ mɛi ni ŋmala lɛ, kɛ mɛi ni tsɔɔ shishi lɛ gbo deŋme waa diɛŋtsɛ. Ha wɔpɛi sane ni tsɔɔ mɔ yiŋ nɛɛ amli fãi enyɔ komɛi amli wɔkwɛ—Biblia lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ kɛ ekalamɔ.

“Mi, Giorgi, jamɔŋ onukpa heshibalɔ, mikɛ deŋme kɛ mɔdɛŋbɔɔ babaoo etsɔɔ Lalai awolo nɛɛ shishi kɛjɛ ŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Hela wiemɔ mli kɛtee Georgia wiemɔ mli.” Enɛ ji wiemɔi ni Giorgi Mtatsmindeli, nuu ko ni eji Georgia jamɔ ko mli onukpa, ni hi shi yɛ afi 1000 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ wie. Mɛni hewɔ ehe bahia ni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya Georgia wiemɔ mli be mli ni atsɔɔ eko shishi momo afii ohai komɛi ni ho lɛ?

Beni shɛɔ afi 1000 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ, no mli lɛ, Georgia Biblia ni akɛ niji ŋmala mra mli lɛ fioo komɛi pɛ yɔɔ. No beaŋ lɛ, woji lɛ ekomɛi elaaje kwraa. Agbɛnɛ hu lɛ, Georgia wiemɔ lɛ hiɛ etsake fioo, no hewɔ lɛ ebawa kɛha mɛi ni kaneɔ lɛ akɛ amɛbaanu mra beaŋ nɔ̃ ni aŋmala lɛ ashishi. Eyɛ mli akɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔi komɛi bɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛbaasaa amɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya Georgia wiemɔ mli ekoŋŋ moŋ, shi Giorgi nɔ ni etsɔɔ shishi lɛ ji nɔ ni sa kadimɔ waa fe fɛɛ. Ekɛ Georgia Biblia srɔtoi ni yɔɔ lɛ to Hela nɔ ni yɔɔ lɛ ahe, ni etsɔɔ nibii ni bɛ Georgia nɔ lɛ mli lɛ ashishi, etsɔɔ Biblia mli woji muu fɛɛ po ashishi. Leebi mli lɛ eyatsuɔ esɔ̃ akɛ jamɔŋ onukpa lɛ he nii. Ni gbɛkɛ mli lɛ, etsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi.

Giorgi hefatalɔ nitsulɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Ephrem Mtsire lɛ ha Giorgi nitsumɔ lɛ tee hiɛ. Ephrem fee nɔ ko ni he hiaa waa ni bafee gbɛtsɔɔmɔ nɔ̃ kɛha wiemɔ shishitsɔɔlɔi. Nibii ni yɔɔ nɔ ni efee lɛ mli lɛ eko ji wiemɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ he shishitoo mlai, tamɔ bɔ ni afeɔ atsɔɔ wiemɔ ko shishi kɛyaa wiemɔ kroko mli kɛ́ ehe bahia ni afee nakai, kɛ bɔ ni esa akɛ aja wiemɔ ni atsɔɔ shishi lɛ sɛɛ mo pɛpɛɛpɛ shi nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ afee krɔŋŋ. Agbɛnɛ hu, lɛ ji mɔ ni kɛ shishigbɛ niŋmai kɛ ŋmalɛi ni ato naa koni akɛgbala jwɛŋmɔ kɛya ŋmalɛi krokomɛi anɔ (marginal references) lɛ bɔi nitsumɔ yɛ Georgia wiemɔ shishitsɔɔmɔi amli. Ephrem saa etsɔɔ Biblia mli woji lɛ ekomɛi ashishi ehee kwraa. Nɔ ni Giorgi kɛ Ephrem tsu lɛ baafee shishitoonɔ̃ kpakpa ko kɛha wiemɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ.

Afii oha sɛɛ lɛ, woji akalamɔ bashwere waa yɛ Georgia. Abato nikasemɔhei srɔtoi ashishi yɛ Gelati kɛ Ikalto maji lɛ amli. Woloŋlelɔi babaoo heɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ, Biblia ko ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Gelati Bible, ni amrɔ nɛɛ akɛto nitsumɔhe ko (Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts) lɛ ji Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ hee kwraa ni Gelati loo Ikalto woloŋlelɔi lɛ eko tsɔɔ shishi.

Mɛɛ hewalɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ ná yɛ Georgiabii lɛ anɔ? Georgia lalawiemɔ folɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Shota Rustaveli ni hi shi yɛ afi 1100 Ŋ.B. afiiaŋ lɛ ŋma wolo ko (Knight in the Panther Skin) ni mɛi nya he aahu akɛ, yɛ afii ohai ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ, atsɛ wolo lɛ akɛ Georgia Biblia ni ji enyɔ nɔ. Ŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Georgia woloŋlelɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ K. Kekelidze lɛ wie akɛ kɛji lalawiemɔ folɔ lɛ tsɛ wiemɔi ayisɛɛ tɛ̃ɛ kɛjɛ Biblia lɛ mli jio, efeee nakai jio lɛ, “esusumɔi lɛ ekomɛi kɛ Biblia lɛ mli saji babaoo kpãa gbee.” Eyɛ mli akɛ awo lalawiemɔ lɛ he fe nine moŋ, shi nibii ni efɔɔ he wiemɔ ji naanyobɔɔ kpakpa, ejurɔfeemɔ, bulɛ ni anáa ahaa yei, kɛ suɔmɔ krɔŋŋ ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo atsɔɔ gbɔi. Sui nɛɛ kɛ ekrokomɛi ni Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ ná Georgiabii lɛ asusumɔi anɔ hewalɛ afii babaoo, ni amɛkã he amɛbuɔ sui nɛɛ akɛ amɛjeŋba he mlai ni nɔ kwɔlɔ.

Beni afi 1600 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ baa naagbee lɛ, Georgia abradei aweku lɛ ŋɔ fɔ̃ amɛnɔ akɛ amɛbaakwɛ koni akala Biblia lɛ. Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Vakhtang VI ma woji akalamɔhe ko yɛ Georgia maŋtiase ni ji Tbilisi lɛ mli. Kɛlɛ, no mli lɛ agbeko Biblia lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ naa kɛha ekalamɔ. Yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ lɛ, ebafee tamɔ nɔ ni aŋɔ Georgia Biblia lɛ atee ekoŋŋ. No mli lɛ, Biblia lɛ fãi komɛi ni aŋmala lɛ pɛ yɔɔ, ni wiemɔ ni akɛŋmala lɛ hu be eho. Akɛ nitsumɔ wo Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani ni ehe esa jogbaŋŋ yɛ wiemɔi amli lɛ dɛŋ koni ekɛ wiemɔi ni be hoko asaa aŋmala Biblia woji ni yɔɔ lɛ, koni ekɛ ekrokomɛi ni eje mli lɛ hu awo mli.

Orbeliani to etsui shi kɛje nitsumɔ lɛ shishi jogbaŋŋ. Akɛni ele wiemɔi srɔtoi babaoo ni Hela kɛ Latin fata he hewɔ lɛ, enyɛ epɛi Bibliai srɔtoi amli efata Georgia nɔ ni yɔɔ lɛ ahe. Kɛlɛ, bɔ ni no mli lɛ ekɛ anɔkwayeli tsuɔ nitsumɔ lɛ eyaŋɔɔɔ Georgia Otodɔks Sɔlemɔ lɛ naa kwraa. Osɔfoi lɛ kɛɛ eekpa sɔlemɔ lɛ he mama, ni amɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ amɛkɔne maŋtsɛ lɛ yiŋ koni eha Orbeliani akpa Biblia lɛ he nitsumɔ. Georgia amaniɛbɔi komɛi tsɔɔ akɛ, yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ gwabɔɔ ko shishi lɛ, osɔfoi akuu lɛ nyɛ Orbeliani nɔ koni eshã Biblia ni ekɛ afii abɔ etsu he nii lɛ!

Nɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ waa ji akɛ, ana Orbeliani diɛŋtsɛ waonaa niŋmai komɛi yɛ Biblia ko (Mtskheta) ni aŋma shi akalako, ni ale lɛ hu akɛ Saba’s Bible lɛ ni abaa yi kɛbashi wɔbe nɛɛ lɛ mli. Kɛlɛ, mɛi komɛi ayiŋ feɔ amɛ enyɔɔnyɔ akɛ, ani Biblia nɛɛ ji nɔ ni no mli lɛ osɔfoi lɛ teɔ shi amɛshiɔ lɛ lo. Emli saji krokomɛi ni fata he lɛ pɛ ji nɔ ni ajeee he ŋwane akɛ Orbeliani ŋmala.

Yɛ naagbai nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Biblia kalamɔ tee nɔ efee abradei komɛi ahiamɔnii titri. Akala Biblia lɛ fãi komɛi yɛ afi 1705 kɛmiimɔ afi 1711 afii lɛ amli. Yɛ Georgia maŋtsɛmɛi abihii Bakari kɛ Vakhushti amɔdɛŋbɔɔ naa lɛ, akala Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ yɛ afi 1743. Anyɛɛɛ aŋɔ atee dɔŋŋ.