Karaitebii lɛ kɛ Amɛ Anɔkwale Taomɔ Lɛ

“NYƐTAOA Torah [Ŋmalɛi] lɛ amli fitsofitso, ni nyɛkɛ nyɛhe akafɔ misusumɔ nɔ.” Karaite hiɛnyiɛlɔ ko ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ Ŋ.B. lɛ wie nakai wiemɔi lɛ. Namɛi ji Karaitebii lɛ? Ani wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase nɔ ko ni sɛɛnamɔ yɔɔ he kɛjɛ amɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ mli? Kɛ wɔɔha sanebimɔi nɛɛ ahetoo lɛ, esa akɛ wɔya sɛɛ yɛ yinɔsane mli kɛya naataomɔ ko ni etsɛ ni kɛ Karaite kuu lɛ ba lɛ he.

Te Fee Tɛŋŋ ni Naataomɔ lɛ Je Shishi?

Yɛ naagbee afii ohai komɛi dani Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Be nɛɛ aaaje shishi lɛ mli lɛ, jeŋ nilee hee ko je shishi yɛ Yuda jamɔ mli. Eji tsɔɔmɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Mlai enyɔ ha yɛ Sinai Gɔŋ lɛ nɔ, ekome ni aŋma kɛ ekome ni akɛ naabu tsɔɔ.a Beni shɛɔ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli lɛ, béi ni naa wa waa ete shi yɛ mɛi ni tsɔɔ tsɔɔmɔ hee nɛɛ kɛ mɛi ni kpoɔ lɛ ateŋ. Farisifoi lɛ ji mɛi ni fiɔ sɛɛ, yɛ be mli ni Sadukifoi kɛ Esenebii akuu lɛ fata mɛi ni teɔ shi woɔ lɛ ahe.

Yɛ naataomɔ ni yaa nɔ nɛɛ mli ni Yesu ni jɛ Nazaret lɛ pue akɛ shiwoo Mesia lɛ. (Daniel 9:24, 25; Mateo 2:1-6, 22, 23) Yesu kɛ Yudafoi akui enyɔ ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee lɛ fɛɛ kpe. Yɛ be mli ni ekɛ amɛ susuɔ saji ahe lɛ, ewie eshi Nyɔŋmɔ wiemɔ lɛ ni amɛguɔ yɛ amɛ blemasaji lɛ ahewɔ lɛ. (Mateo 15:3-9) Yesu tsɔɔ mumɔŋ anɔkwalei yɛ gbɛ ni Mesia lɛ pɛ baanyɛ atsɔɔ nɔ. (Yohane 7:45, 46) Agbɛnɛ hu Yesu anɔkwa sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ pɛ kɛ odaseyeli ni tsɔɔ akɛ amɛyɛ ŋwɛi sɛɛfimɔ ha. Abale amɛ akɛ Kristofoi.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 11:26.

Beni akpata Yerusalem sɔlemɔtsu lɛ hiɛ yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Farisifoi lɛ pɛ ji jamɔ kuu ni mli gbalako ni je mli. Agbɛnɛ ni amɛbɛ osɔfoyeli, afɔleshãai, kɛ sɔlemɔtsu nɛɛ, Farisifoi a-Yuda jamɔ lɛ baanyɛ ekɛ nibii krokomɛi ato enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ najiaŋ, ni amɛbaaha blemasaji kɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ afee nɔ ni baa dani Mla ni aŋma lɛ baa. Enɛ gbele gbɛ koni aŋmala “woji krɔŋkrɔŋi” heei. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, Mishnah lɛ ba, kɛ eblemasaji kɛ amɛ mla ni akɛ naabu wieɔ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔi. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ, akɛ niŋmai krokomɛi ni abua naa fata he ni atsɛ lɛ akɛ Talmud. Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Kristofoi ni amɛkwa hemɔkɛyeli lɛ je shishi akɛ amɛaaje Yesu tsɔɔmɔi lɛ asɛɛ. Kui enyɔ ni hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ kome nɛɛ fɛɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ-jamɔ gbɛjianɔtoi ni yɔɔ hewalɛ ba—rabifoi anɔyeli hegbɛ yɛ afa kome kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔyeli hegbɛ.

Yɛ bei ni ka Yudafoi kɛ wɔŋjamɔ Roma kɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ “Kristofoi” a-Roma lɛ teŋ hewɔ lɛ, yɛ naagbee lɛ Yudafoi ajamɔ shihemɔ he lɛ yaje Babilon. Jɛmɛ ajaje Talmud niŋmai lɛ ekoŋŋ yɛ ni agbe naa kwraa. Eyɛ mli akɛ rabifoi lɛ kɛɔ akɛ Talmud lɛ jieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ suɔmɔnaa nii akpo faŋŋ kɛgbeɔ naa moŋ, shi Yudafoi pii nu hewalɛ ni yaa hiɛ ni rabifoi anɔyeli naa yɛ mɛi anɔ lɛ he, ni amɛshwe Nyɔŋmɔ wiemɔ lɛ ni atsɔ Mose kɛ gbalɔi lɛ anɔ akɛha amɛ lɛ.

Yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai kpaanyɔ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ, Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Babilon ni teɔ shi woɔ rabifoi ahegbɛ kɛ naabu mla lɛ kpɛlɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔ ko ni le nii ni atsɛɔ lɛ Anan ben David lɛ nɔ. Ejaje hegbɛ ni Yudanyo fɛɛ Yudanyo yɔɔ akɛ ekaseɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni naatsii bɛ mli lɛ akɛ anɔkwa jamɔ jɛɛhe, ni rabifoi ashishitsɔɔmɔ loo Talmud lɛ bɛ mli lɛ etsɔɔ. Anan tsɔɔ akɛ: “Nyɛtaoa Torah [Nyɔŋmɔ mla ni aŋma] lɛ mli fitsofitso, ni nyɛkɛ nyɛhe akafɔ misusumɔ nɔ.” Yɛ Ŋmalɛ ni amaa nɔ mi nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, abale Anan sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ akɛ Qa·ra·ʼimʹ, Hebri gbɛi ni eshishi ji “nikanelɔi lɛ.”

Karaitebii kɛ Rabifoi Ateŋ Bei

Mɛni ji Karaite tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ekomɛi ni tee hoofeemɔ shi yɛ rabifoi ateŋ? Rabifoi lɛ gu loo kɛ fufɔ ni aaaye fɛɛ shikome. Amɛkɛ enɛ ha akɛ sane mlitsɔɔmɔ ni naabu mla lɛ kɛhaa 2 Mose 23:19, (NW) ni kɛɔ akɛ: “Kaahoo toobi yɛ enyɛ fufɔ mli.” Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, Karaitebii lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ nɔ ni kuku nɛɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ etsɔɔ—akɛ eko akafata he, akajie eko kɛmiijɛ mli. Amɛtsɔɔ mli akɛ rabifoi anaatsii lɛ ji nibii ni gbɔmɛi kɛba.

Taakɛ amɛtsɔɔ 5 Mose 6:8, 9 shishi amɛhaa lɛ, rabifoi lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, esa akɛ Yudafoi hii asɔle ni amɛfimɔ tefillin loo hiɛnaa-taramɔ nii, ni akɛ mezuzah ahɔ shinaatso fɛɛ shinaatso he.b Karaitebii lɛ buɔ kukuji nɛɛ akɛ amɛhiɛ mfoniri-feemɔ kɛ okadi shishinumɔ pɛ kɛkɛ, ni amɛkpoo rabifoi amla lɛ.

Saji krokomɛi yɛ ni Karaitebii lɛ feɔ keketee yɛ mli kwraa fe rabifoi lɛ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, susumɔ bɔ ni amɛsusuɔ 2 Mose 35:3, he ni kaneɔ nɛkɛ lɛ he okwɛ: “Nyɛkashɛrea la yɛ nyɛshihilɛ hei lɛ fɛɛ yɛ hejɔɔmɔ gbi lɛ nɔ.” Karaitebii lɛ gu akɛ akashi kane loo la ni miitso kɛ asũ dani Hejɔɔmɔ Gbi lɛ shɛ po.

Anan gbele sɛɛ titri, dani Karaite hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ kɛ amɛhe yakpaaa gbee yɛ be kɛ bei amli yɛ he ni esa akɛ naatsii komɛi ayashɛ loo bɔ ni amɛji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he, ni jeee be fɛɛ be hu amɛ shɛɛ saji lɛ feɔ faŋŋ. Ekomefeemɔ bɛ Karaitebii lɛ ateŋ, ejaakɛ amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔ kome nɔ, shi moŋ amɛma Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛaakane kɛ amɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ nɔ mi, nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ rabifoi anifeemɔ kɛ hegbɛ lɛ. Shi, yɛ enɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Karaite kuu lɛ he gbɛi waa ni amɛna mɛi anɔ hewalɛ kɛteke Yudafoi akutsei ni yɔɔ Babilon lɛ, ni amɛgbɛ amɛshwã Boka Teŋgbɛ fɛɛ. Ato Karaite jamɔ he titri ko yɛ Yerusalem po.

Yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai nɛɛhu kɛ nyɔŋma lɛ mli lɛ, Karaite woloŋlelɔi tee hiɛ waa yɛ Hebri wiemɔ lɛ kasemɔ hee mli, ni amɛbote miishɛɛ, nɔyaa, kɛ shweremɔ kpele be mli. Amɛbu Hebri Ŋmalɛ ni aŋma lɛ akɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ, shi jeee blemasaji ni akɛ naabu tãa lɛ. Karaitebii lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi batsɔmɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ aŋmalalɔi ni he esa jogbaŋŋ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, mpoa ni Karaitebii tswa lɛ ji nɔ ni wo Ŋmalɛi lɛ kasemɔ tamɔ Masoretbii lɛ, yɛ Yudafoi fɛɛ ateŋ lɛ mli hewalɛ, ni ha ana Biblia ŋmalɛ ni ja babaoo ni abaa yi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ.

Yɛ be ni shweremɔ yaa nɔ oyayaayai nɛɛ mli ni Karaite Yuda-jamɔ kɛ ehe wo maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa shiɛmɔ nitsumɔ mli yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ Yudafoi krokomɛi lɛ ateŋ. Enɛ wo rabifoi a-Yuda-jamɔ lɛ he gbeyei yɛ faŋŋ mli.

Te Rabifoi lɛ Tsu He Nii Amɛha Tɛŋŋ?

Nɔ ni rabifoi lɛ kɛkpee enɛ naa ji jɛmɔ wiemɔi kɛ tutuamɔ, kɛ ŋaatsɔɔ ni yɔɔ tswãa kɛ amɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ atsakemɔ nigii yɛ ŋaa mli. Rabifoi a-Yuda-jamɔ lɛ kpɛlɛ Karaite gbɛi lɛ babaoo nɔ yɛ afii oha ni nyiɛ Anan gbele sɛɛ ba lɛ mli. Rabifoi lɛ ahe basa waa yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ asɛɛtsɛmɔ mli, ni amɛkɛ Karaite gbɛi kɛ nifeemɔi lɛ pii fata amɛwiemɔ kɛ nitsɔɔmɔ he ŋaa lɛ he.

Hiɛnyiɛlɔ ni ayoo lɛ yɛ naataomɔ ni tee nɔ yɛ amɛkɛ Karaitebii lɛ ateŋ ji Saʽadia ben Joseph, ni batsɔ Yudafoi akutso ni yɔɔ Babilon lɛ onukpa yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai nyɔŋma lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ fa lɛ mli lɛ. Samuel Rosenblatt tsɔɔ Saʽadia wolo titri, The Book of Beliefs and Opinions lɛ shishi kɛtee Ŋleshi wiemɔ mli, ni ekɛɛ yɛ ehiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ . . . lɛ ji mɔ ni le Talmud lɛ fe fɛɛ yɛ egbii lɛ amli moŋ, shi kɛ akɛto he lɛ, [Saʽadia] kɛ Yudafoi ablemasane jɛɛhe nɛɛ tsuuu nii babaoo tsɔ̃, eka shi faŋŋ akɛ ejɛ bɔ ni eshweɔ ni ekɛ Karaitebii lɛ diɛŋtsɛ atawuu nii lɛ aye mɛi ni kpɛlɛɔ Mla ni Aŋma lɛ nɔ akɛ no pɛ esa akɛ aye nɔ lɛ nɔ kunim hewɔ.”

Saʽadia nanemaa hei asɛɛnyiɛmɔ nɛɛ ha yɛ naagbee lɛ rabifoi a-Yuda-jamɔ lɛ bana hegbɛ babaoo. Efee enɛ kɛtsɔ Mla ni Aŋma lɛ mli saji babaoo ni ekpɛlɛ nɔ kɛyashɛ he ni ejie hewalɛ babaoo ni yɔɔ Karaite naataomɔi lɛ amli lɛ kɛjɛ mli. Moses Maimonides, Talmud lɛ he nilelɔ ni ale lɛ waa ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai 12 lɛ mli lɛ ji mɔ ni kɛ nifeemɔ ni gbe naa kwraa lɛ ba. Yɛ etsuishiŋmɛɛ su ni ena yɛ Karaitebii ni ekɛ amɛ hi Mizraim lɛ ahe, kɛ agbɛnɛ yɛ ewoloŋlee su ni enyɛɔ ekɛtsɔɔ mɔ yiŋ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛhiɛ sɔ lɛ, ni no gbɔjɔ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ hiɛnyiɛmɔ lɛ.

Karaite Kuu lɛ Hewalɛ Je Amɛdɛŋ

Agbɛnɛ, akɛni amɛbɛ ekomefeemɔ ni amɛbɛ gbɛjianɔtoo ni gbeekpamɔ yɔɔ mli ni baanyɛ atsi enɛ naa hewɔ lɛ, Karaite kuu lɛ laaje hewalɛ ni eyɔɔ lɛ kɛ esɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ fɛɛ. Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ, Karaitebii lɛ tsake amɛ susumɔi kɛ shishitoo mlai amli. Leon Nemoy, Karaite kuu lɛ he niŋmalɔ lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Yɛ be mli ni Talmud lɛ hi shi akɛ nɔ ni agu yɛ wiemɔ naa kɛkɛ lɛ, aŋɔ Talmud lɛ mli saji babaoo awo Karaite mla kɛ kusum-nifeemɔi amli nigii.” Kɛ aaatsɔɔ mli faŋŋ lɛ, Karaitebii lɛ laaje amɛ shishijee yiŋtoo lɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛ rabifoi a-Yuda-jamɔ lɛ mli nibii babaoo nɔ.

Karaitebii aaafee 25,000 yɛ Israel lolo. Ni abaana akpei fioo ko hu yɛ akutsei krokomɛi amli, titri lɛ yɛ Russia kɛ United States. Shi, akɛni amɛyɔɔ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ mla ni akɛ naabu tãa hewɔ lɛ, esoro amɛ yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ Karaitebii lɛ ahe.

Mɛni wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase kɛjɛ Karaitebii lɛ ayinɔsane mli? Akɛ, eji tɔmɔ ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli akɛ ‘aaatsɔ blemasaji anɔ aha Nyɔŋmɔ wiemɔ lɛ afee efolo.’ (Mateo 15:6) Ni aaaye he kɛaajɛ gbɔmɛi ablemasaji ni tamɔ jatsũi ashishi lɛ biɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli anɔkwa nilee. (Yohane 8:31, 32; 2 Timoteo 3:16, 17) Hɛɛ, mɛi ni taoɔ ni amɛle ni amɛfee Nyɔŋmɔ suɔmɔnaa nii lɛ kɛ amɛhe efɔɔɔ gbɔmɛi ablemasaji anɔ. Shi moŋ, amɛkɛ hiɛdɔɔ taoɔ Biblia lɛ mli, ni amɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni jɛ mumɔŋ lɛ mli tsɔɔmɔ ni sɛɛnamɔ yɔɔ he lɛ tsuɔ nii.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 30]

Karaitebii akuu ko

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Ejɛ The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1910 wolo lɛ mli