INgcazelo Yamabala AseBhayibhilini
A
AbaFarisi.
Leli kwakuliqembu lokholo lwesiJuda elalidumile kakhulu ngekhulu lokuqala. Lanxa abaFarisi babengayisibo bosendo lwabaphristi, babebambelele kakhulu eMthethweni, ngitsho lasezintweni ezincane njalo babeqakathekisa amasiko abo angathi anguMthetho ngokwawo. (Mat 23:23) Babengafuni lakuzwa ngamasiko esiGrikhi futhi njengoba babeyizingcitshi zoMthetho lezamasiko, babelamandla kakhulu phezu kwabantu. (Mat 23:2-6) Abanye babo babengamalunga eSanihedrini. Babejayele ukuphikisana loJesu ngokugcina iSabatha, ngamasiko, langokudlelana lezoni labathelisi. Abanye baba ngamaKhristu futhi omunye wabo kwakunguSawuli waseThasu.—Mat 9:11; 12:14; Mak 7:5; Luk 6:2; ImiS 26:5.
Abalandeli bakaHerodi.
Babesaziwa langokuthi ngamaHerodiya. Leli kwakuliqembu lezombangazwe elalisekela amakhosi ayebizwa ngokuthi ngoHerodi ayengaphansi kombuso weRoma. Kungenzakala ukuthi abanye abaSadusi babengabeqembu leli. Abalandeli bakaHerodi babencedisana labaFarisi ukuphikisa uJesu.—Mak 3:6.
AbaLindi Benkosi.
Leli liqembu lamasotsha elalivikela umbusi waseRoma. AbaLindi Benkosi bacina sebeliqembu lezombangazwe elilamandla elalingasekela loba likhiphe umbusi esikhundleni.—Flp 1:13.
Abantu abakhuluma okuzakwenzakala.
EBhayibhilini abanye babo kwakungabaphristi abenza amasalamusi, abantu abasebenzelana lemimoya, lezazi zezinkanyezi.—Lev 19:31; Dut 18:11; ImiS 16:16.
AbaSadusi.
Leli kwakuliqembu lamaJuda elalidumile elalibunjwa yizikhulu ezazinothile kanye labaphristi. Lalilamandla kakhulu futhi laliqondisa okwakusenzakala ethempelini. AbaSadusi babengavumelani lamasiko amanengi ayedluliselwa ngomlomo ayelandelwa ngabaFarisi njalo babengazikholwa ezinye izinto ezazikholwa ngabaFarisi. Babengakholwa ukuthi kulokuvuka kwabafileyo lokuthi kulezingilosi futhi babephikisa uJesu.—Mat 16:1; ImiS 23:8.
Amadimoni.
Amadimoni yizidalwa zomoya ezimbi ezilamandla kulabantu. KuGenesisi 6:2 abizwa ngokuthi ‘ngamadodana kaNkulunkulu,’ kuJuda 6 abizwa ngokuthi ‘zingilosi.’ Izingilosi lezi kazidalwanga zizimbi, kodwa zazenza zaba yizitha zikaNkulunkulu ngesikhathi sikaNowa, lapho zingamlaleli uJehova futhi zimhlamukela zilandela uSathane.—Dut 32:17; Luk 8:30; ImiS 16:16; Jak 2:19.
AmaKhaledi.
Laba ngabantu ababehlala lapho okuhlangana khona uMfula uThigrisi loYufrathe. Endulo idolobho lamaKhaledi elaliqakatheke kulawo wonke kwakuyi-Uri, lapho u-Abrahama adabuka khona.—ImiS 7:4.
Amakherubhi.
Lezi yizingilosi ezilezikhundla eziphezulu lemisebenzi eqakathekileyo. Zehlukene lamaserafi.—Gen 3:24; Eks 25:20; Isy 37:16; Heb 9:5.
Amakhoba.
AmaMede.
Laba ngabantu ababengabosendo lukaMadayi indodana kaJafethi. Babehlala endaweni eyayilezintaba ese-Iran eyacina isililizwe laseMediya. AmaMede ayekhona eJerusalema ngePhentekhosti lika-33 C.E.—ImiS 2:9.
Amapulanka amakhulu.
La kwakungamapulanka okwakubotshelwa kuwo umuntu nxa ejeziswa. Kwamanye kwakubotshelwa inyawo kuphela, kodwa amanye ayesenza umzimba ugungubale, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyabe kubotshelwe inyawo lezandla kanye lentamo.—Jer 20:2; ImiS 16:24.
AmaSamariya.
Ekuqaliseni ibala leli lalisitsho ama-Israyeli ayevela embusweni wasenyakatho wezizwana ezilitshumi kodwa ngemva kokunqotshwa kweSamariya ngama-Asiriya ngo-740 B.C.E., laselisitsho labantu bezizweni ababelethwe ngama-Asiriya. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu lalingasatsho umhlobo othile wabantu loba abantu besinye isizwe kodwa laselisetshenziswa ikakhulu nxa kukhulunywa ngabantu bokholo oluthile ababehlala eduze kwamadolobho endulo ayebizwa ngokuthi yiShekhemu kanye leSamariya. Ezinye izinto ezazikholwa ngabantu laba zazehlukene kakhulu lezamaJuda.—Joh 8:48.
Ameni.
Ibala leli litsho ukuthi “kakube njalo,” kumbe ukuthi “sibili.” Livela kwelesiHebheru elithi ʼa·manʹ, elitsho “ukuthembeka, ukuba qotho.” U-“Ameni” wayekhulunywa nxa umuntu evumelana lesifungo, lomthandazo kumbe lamanye amazwi nje. Kwamanye amavesi akuSambulo, u-Ameni libizo likaJesu lokuhlonipha.—Dut 27:26; 1Imi 16:36; Rom 1:25; Sam 3:14.
Aselʹgeia.
Khangela elithi UKUXHWALA.
I
I-Akhaya.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, indawo le yayiyisabelo seRoma esasiseningizimu yeGrisi njalo isigodlo sayo kwakuyiKhorinte.—ImiS 18:12.
I-alabhasta.
Leli libizo lezimbodlela ezincane okwakugcinelwa kuzo amakha. Ekuqaliseni, izimbodlela lezi zazisenziwa ngamatshe ayetholakala eduze le-Alabastron, eGibhithe, njalo zazijayele ukwenziwa zibe lentamo encane eyayivalwa ngci ukuze amakha la ayeligugu angachitheki. Amatshe okwakusenziwa ngawo izimbodlela lezi acina esebizwa ngalelobizo.—Mak 14:3.
I-alithare.
Lesi yisakhiwo okwakunikelwa phezu kwaso imihlatshelo kumbe impepha. Sasisenziwa ngenhlabathi, ngamadwala, ngelitshe elikhulu kumbe ngezigodo, besekufakwa insimbi phezulu. Endlini yokuqala yethabanikeli leyethempeli ‘kwakule-alithare legolide’ okwakunikelwa kulo impepha. Lalenziwe ngezigodo, lahuqwa ngegolide. “I-alithare lethusi” elalilikhulu futhi elalingelemihlatshelo yokutshiswa lalingaphandle egumeni. Ama-alithare ayejayele ukusetshenziswa lasekukhonzeni kwamanga.—Eks 39:38, 39; 1Am 6:20; Mat 5:23, 24; Luk 1:11; ImiS 17:23.
I-Amagedoni.
Ibizo leli livela kwelesiHebheru elithi Har Meghid·dohnʹ, elitsho ukuthi “iNtaba yaseMegido.” Lisetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ‘ngempi yosuku olukhulu lukaNkulunkulu uSomandla’ lapho ‘amakhosi omhlaba wonke’ azabuthana khona ukuze alwe loJehova. (Sam 16:14, 16; 19:11-21)—Khangela elithi UKUHLUPHEKA OKUKHULU.
I-Ariyophagu.
Lolu luqaqa olukhulu olwaluse-Athene, enyakatho ntshonalanga ye-Akropholi. Kwakuphinda kube libizo lomthethwandaba owawusiba lemihlangano kuleyondawo. Izinjulangqondo ezingamaStoyikhi lezingama-Ephikhuri zaletha uPhawuli e-Ariyophagu ukuze achasise lokho ayekukholwa.—ImiS 17:19.
I-Asiya.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, leli kwakulibizo lesabelo saseRoma. Lesosabelo sasibunjwa yindawo esentshonalanga yelizwe eselibizwa ngokuthi yiTurkey kanye lezinye izihlenge ezinjengeSamosi lePhathimosi. Isigodlo sayo kwakuyi-Efesu.—ImiS 20:16; Sam 1:4.
Ibandla.
Leli liqembu labantu ababutheneyo ngenxa yenhloso ethile kumbe ukuthi bazokwenza okuthile. EMibhalweni YesiHebheru lijayele ukusetshenziswa nxa kutshiwo isizwe sako-Israyeli. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi litsho amabandla atshiyeneyo, kodwa lisetshenziswa kakhulu nxa kutshiwo lonke nje ibandla lamaKhristu.—1Am 8:22; ImiS 9:31; Rom 16:5.
Ibhokisi lesivumelwano.
Leli kwakulibhokisi elalenziwe ngesigodo som-akhakhiya laselihuqwa ngegolide. Laligcinwa eNgcwele Ngcwele yethabanikeli futhi lacina seligcinwa eNgcwele Ngcwele yethempeli elalakhiwe nguSolomoni. Lalilesivalo segolide esasilamakherubhi amabili ayekhangelene. Okwakuqakatheke kakhulu okwakuphakathi kwalo kwakuyizicecedu ezimbili ezazileMilayo Elitshumi.—Dut 31:26; 1Am 6:19; Heb 9:4.
Ichibi lomlilo.
Le yindawo engasiyo yoqobo, ‘evutha umlilo lesalufa,’ ebizwa langokuthi ‘yikufa kwesibili.’ Endaweni le kuphoselwa izoni ezingaphendukiyo, loDeveli, lokufa kanye leNgcwaba (loba iHayidesi). Njengoba kuphoselwa isidalwa somoya, lokufa kanye leHayidesi, izinto ezingeke zitshiswe ngumlilo, kutsho ukuthi ichibi leli kalisiyo ndawo ekhona sibili lapho okuhlukuluzwa khona abantu phakade, kodwa limela ukubhujiswa kwaphakade.—Sam 19:20; 20:14, 15; 21:8.
Icilongo.
Leli lichacho elivuthelwayo elenziwe ngensimbi elalisetshenziswa ukuxwayisa abantu kumbe ukutshaya umculo. Izikhathi ezinengi ukukhala kwecilongo kwakuhambisana lokumenyezelwa kwezahlulelo zikaJehova kumbe ezinye izehlakalo eziqakathekileyo ezivela kuNkulunkulu.—1Kr 15:52; Sam 8:7–11:15.
IDekhapholi.
La kwakungamadolobho athile aseGrisi. Ekuqaliseni ayelitshumi. Ibizo lawo livela ebaleni lesiGrikhi elithi deʹka, okutsho ukuthi “itshumi,” lelithi poʹlis, okutsho ukuthi “idolobho.” Isabelo esasisempumalanga yoLwandle LwaseGalile loMfula uJodani laso sasibizwa ngalelobizo. Yikho lapho inengi lamadolobho la elalikhona. Yiwo ayeyisigodlo samasiko lezokuthengiselana zaseGrisi. UJesu wadabula esabelweni leso, kodwa akulandawo lapho esitshelwa khona ukuthi wake wavakatshela elinye lamadolobho la.—Mat 4:25; Mak 5:20.
Idrakhima.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, ibala leli litsho uhlamvu lwemali yesiliva yamaGrikhi. Ngalesosikhathi lwalungamagiramu angu-3,4.—Mat 17:24.
IGehena.
Leli kwakulibizo lesiGrikhi leSihotsha sikaHinomi esasiseningizimu ntshonalanga yeJerusalema yasendulo. (Jer 7:31) Isiphrofetho satsho ukuthi izidumbu zazizalahlelwa endaweni le. (Jer 7:32; 19:6) Akulabufakazi bokuthi kulezinyamazana kumbe abantu ababejikelwa eGehena ukuze batshiswe bephila kumbe bahlukuluzwe. Ngakho yayingeke imele indawo engabonakaliyo lapho imiphefumulo yabantu ehlukuluzwa khona ngomlilo kuze kube nini lanini. Kodwa uJesu labafundi bakhe basebenzisa ibala elithi Gehena bekhuluma ngokujeziswa kwaphakade ‘okuyikufa kwesibili,’ okutsho ukutshabalaliswa kwaphakade, kungasali lutho!—Sam 20:14; Mat 5:22; 10:28.
Iguma.
Le kwakuyindawo eligceke eyayibiyelwe njalo yayigombolozele ithabanikeli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yayingenye yamagceke ayebiyelwe ngemiduli, angafulelwanga phezulu futhi ayegombolozele ithempeli ngokwalo. I-alithare leminikelo yokutshiswa lalisegumeni lethabanikeli lasegumeni langaphakathi lethempeli. IBhayibhili likhuluma langamaguma ayesezindlini lasezigodlweni.—Eks 8:13; 27:9; 1Am 7:12; Mat 26:3; Mak 15:16; Sam 11:2.
IHayidesi.
Leli libala lesiGrikhi elitsho into yinye lelesiHebheru elithi “iShiyoli.” Lihunyutshwa ngebala elithi “iNgcwaba” elilo-N omkhulu, ukuze kukhanye ukuthi litsho isimo abantu abafileyo abakuso loba indawo engokomfanekiso abakuyo.—Khangela elithi INGCWABA.
Ihisophi.
Lesi yisilimo esasilezingatsha lamahlamvu amahle esasisetshenziswa ukuchela igazi loba amanzi nxa kuyimikhosi yokuhlanjululwa. Kungenzakala ukuthi yileso esibizwa ngokuthi yi-marjoram (Origanum maru; Origanum syriacum). Mhlawumbe ihisophi okukhulunywa ngayo kuJohane 19:29 yileyo eyayinjengesilimo samabele njengoba kuyiso esasingaba lomhlanga omude okokuthi wawungasifikisa emlonyeni kaJesu isipontshi esasilewayini elimunyu.—Heb 9:19.
Ihubo.
I-Ilirikhumu.
Lesi yisabelo saseRoma esasisenyakatho ntshonalanga yeGrisi. UPhawuli wahamba waze wayafika khona ngesikhathi etshumayela, kodwa akubhalwanga ukuthi wafika watshumayela khona yini.—Rom 15:19.
Ijogwe.
Lolu kwakulugodo umuntu ayelubeka emahlombe abeselengisa imithwalo emaceleni womabili, kumbe ugodo olwalubekwa entanyeni zezinyamazana ezimbili (ikakhulu inkomo) ukuze zidonse ithuluzi lokulima kumbe inqola. Izigqili zazijayele ukuthwala imithwalo yazo enzima ngamajogwe, yikho ijogwe lalimela ubugqili kumbe ukuba ngaphansi komunye umuntu kanye lokucindezelwa lokuhlupheka. Ukwethula ijogwe kumbe ukulephula kwakusitsho ukukhululwa ebugqilini kumbe ekucindezelweni.—Lev 26:13; Mat 11:29, 30.
Ikhetheni.
Leli kwakulilembu elalithungwe kuhle laceciswa ngemifanekiso yamakherubhi. Yilo elalisehlukanisa iNgcwele Ngcwele leNgcwele, kokubili ethabanikeli lasethempelini.—Eks 26:31; 2Imi 3:14; Mat 27:51; Heb 9:3.
Ikhora.
ILanga Lokubuyisana.
Leli kwakulilanga elingcwele elaliqakatheke kulawo wonke amalanga angcwele kuma-Israyeli. Libizwa langokuthi yiYom Kippur, ibala elivela kwelesiHebheru elithi yohm hak·kip·pu·rimʹ, elitsho ukuthi “ilanga lokusibekela izono.” Lalithakazelelwa mhlaka 10 ngenyanga ka-Ethanimi. Yilo kuphela ilanga phakathi komnyaka lapho umphristi omkhulu ayengena khona eNgcwele Ngcwele yethabanikeli ukuze anikele igazi lemihlatshelo yezono zakhe, ezabaLevi, lezabantu. Imihlatshelo leyo yayitshengisa okwakuzakwenziwa ngumhlatshelo kaJesu owasibekela ngokupheleleyo izono zabantu kwaba kanye kuphela, ubapha ithuba lokubuyisana loJehova. ILanga Lokubuyisana laliyisikhathi somhlangano ongcwele lesokuzila njalo laliyisabatha, isikhathi sokuyekela imisebenzi yansuku zonke.—Lev 23:27, 28; ImiS 27:9; Kol 1:20; Heb 9:12.
ILanga Lokulungiselela.
Leli libizo lelanga elalisandulela eleSabatha. Ngalelolanga amaJuda ayelungiselela iSabatha. Laliphela ekutshoneni kwelanga ngosuku esesilubiza ngokuthi nguLwesihlanu, besekuqalisa iSabatha. Ilanga lamaJuda laliqalisa ntambama liyephela ntambama.—Mak 15:42; Luk 23:54.
Ilephuthoni.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, lolu luhlamvu lwemali yamaJuda olwaluluncane kulazo zonke inhlamvu futhi lwalungolwekhopha. Amanye amaBhayibhili ahumutsha ibala leli ngokuthi ‘ucezwana lwethusi’ loba ‘uhlamvana lwethusi.’—Mak 12:42; Luk 21:2.
Ilitshe eliyisiqokoqela.
Leli lilitshe elibekwa ekhoneni lesakhiwo lapho imiduli emibili ehlangana khona. Liqakathekile ngoba liyayibambanisa ingehlukani. Ilitshe elaliqakatheke kakhulu kwakulilitshe lesisekelo eliyisiqokoqela. Abantu babejayele ukukhetha eliqine kakhulu nxa kusakhiwa izakhiwo zomphakathi lemiduli yedolobho. Liyasetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngokusungulwa komhlaba, futhi uJesu kuthiwa “ulilitshe lesisekelo eliyisiqokoqela,” elebandla lamaKhristu elifaniswa lendlu eyakhiwa ngomoya kaNkulunkulu.—Efe 2:20; Job 38:6.
Ilitshe lokuchola.
Le yimbokodo eyayisetshenziswa ukuchola amabele abe yifulawa, futhi kwakucholelwa phezu kwelinye ilitshe elinjengayo. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibhili, omama bemizi eminengi babechola ngezandla besebenzisa ilitshe lokuchola. Njengoba imuli ngayinye yayithembele elitsheni lokuchola ukuthi ithole isinkwa sansuku zonke, uMthetho kaMosi wawungavumi ukuthi umuntu athathele omunye ilitshe ayecholela kulo loba imbokodo yakhona ayenze isibambiso. Kwakulamatshe okuchola amakhulu ayenjengalawa futhi wona ayedonswa zinyamazana.—Dut 24:6; Mak 9:42.
IMakhedoniya.
Le yindawo eyayisenyakatho yeGrisi eyaduma ngesikhathi kubusa u-Alekizanda Omkhulu njalo yayizibusa yaze yanqotshwa ngamaRoma. IMakhedoniya yayiyisabelo seRoma ngesikhathi umphostoli uPhawuli esiya eYurophu okokuqala. UPhawuli wafika kathathu esabelweni lesi.—ImiS 16:9.
Imana.
Lokhu yikudla ama-Israyeli ayephila ngakho ngesikhathi esenkangala okweminyaka engu-40, njalo ayekuphiwa nguJehova. Kwakusenzakala isimangaliso, imana ivuke igcwele phansi yembeswe ngamazolo futhi yayisiba khona nsuku zonke ekuseni ngaphandle nxa kuliSabatha. Ama-Israyeli athi eyibona okokuqala athi, “Kuyini lokhu?” NgesiHebheru lokhu kutsho ukuthi, “man huʼ?” (Eks 16:13-15, 35) UJesu laye wake wafanisa okuthile lemana.—Joh 6:49, 50.
Imayili.
Lesi yisilinganiso somango esitholakala kanye kuphela kuMathewu 5:41 eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi yokuqala. Kungenzakala ukuthi imayili le yileyo eyayisetshenziswa ngamaRoma, eyayingamamitha angu-1 479,50.—Mat 5:41, amabala angaphansi.
Imfihlo engcwele.
Imihlanga.
Le yimihlobo eyehlukeneyo yotshani ejayele ukumila ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Izikhathi ezinengi kuyabe kutshiwo obubizwa ngokuthi yi-Arundo donax.—Mat 27:29; Sam 11:1.
Imina.
Imina okukhulunywa ngalo eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi lalilingana lamadrakhima angu-100 njalo lalilesisindo esingamagiramu angu-340.—Luk 19:13.
Impepha emhlophe.
Le yinhlaka ewonyisiweyo ephuma ezihlahleni lakuzihlahlakazana zomhlobo othiwa yi-Boswellia. Yayinukelela nxa itshiswa. Yayihlanganiswa lokunye nxa kusenziwa impepha engcwele eyayisetshenziswa ethabanikeli kanye lasethempelini. Yayinikelwa leminikelo yamabele njalo yayifakwa lesinkwa sokubukiswa esasiphakathi kweNgcwele esasibekwe saba zinqwaba ezimbili.—Eks 30:34-36; Lev 2:1; 24:7; Mat 2:11.
Impepha.
Impepha yinhlaka enukelelayo ehlanganiswe lamabhalisamu, etsha kancane kancane ikhiphe iphunga elimnandi. Kulempepha eyayiqakathekile eyayisenzelwa ukusetshenziswa ethabanikeli kanye lasethempelini futhi yayisenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezine. Yayitshiswa ekuseni lebusuku e-alithareni lempepha phakathi kweNgcwele, njalo ngeLanga Lokubuyisana yayitshiswa phakathi kweNgcwele Ngcwele. Yayimela imithandazo eyamukelwa nguNkulunkulu eyezinceku zakhe ezithembekileyo. Kwakungakhangelelwanga ukuthi amaKhristu ayisebenzise.—Eks 30:34, 35; Lev 16:13; Sam 5:8.
Impondo ze-alithare.
Imure.
Le yinhlaka enukelelayo eyayithathwa ezihlahleni zameva ezehlukeneyo ezincane, ezomhlobo okuthiwa yi-Commiphora. Imure yayihlanganiswa lezinye izinto nxa kusenziwa amafutha okugcoba angcwele. Yayifakwa lasezigqokweni lasemibhedeni ukuze kunukelele, futhi yayifakwa lasemafutheni okumasaja lawokugcoba umzimba. Yayihlanganiswa lewayini ukuze lidake kakhulu. Imure yayiphinda isetshenziswe nxa kulungiswa isidumbu esesizangcwatshwa.—Eks 30:23; Zag 7:17; Mak 15:23; Joh 19:39.
Imvubelo.
Le yinto efakwa enhlameni kumbe kokuthile okungamanzi ukuze kubile. Izikhathi ezinengi imvubelo yayicutshwa enhlameni eyayivele isivutshiwe yabila. EBhayibhilini, imvubelo ijayele ukumela isono kumbe ukonakala. Kukhulunywa ngayo lalapho kuchasiswa ukukhula okukhulu okwenzakala abantu bengananzeleli.—Eks 12:20; Mat 13:33; Gal 5:9.
Inadi.
La ngamafutha anukelelayo ayedula kakhulu njalo ayelombala obomvana. Ayesenziwa ngesihlahlakazana esinukelelayo okuthiwa yi-Nardostachys jatamansi. Inadi yayidula okwamagama, yikho yayijayele ukuhlanganiswa lamanye amafutha angayisiwo wohlonzi njalo kwakulenye engasiyoqobo. UMakho loJohane babhala ukuthi uJesu wathelwa “inadi yoqobo.”—Mak 14:3; Joh 12:3.
Inceku ekhonzayo.
Ibala leli lihunyutshwe kwelesiGrikhi elithi di·aʹko·nos elandise ukuhunyutshwa ngokuthi “isikhonzi” kumbe “inceku.” “Inceku ekhonzayo” ngumuntu oncedisa iqula labadala ebandleni. Kumele abe lempawu eziseBhayibhilini zabantu abafanele ukuthola umsebenzi lo.—1Ti 3:8-10, 12.
Incwadimgoqwa.
Incwadimgoqwa kwakuyisikhumba loba iphepha elikhulu elenziwe ngemihlanga elalibhalwe eceleni elilodwa, futhi izikhathi ezinengi laligoqelwa esigodweni. IMibhalo yalotshelwa ezincwadinimgoqwa njalo lababeyikopa babebhalela kuzo, njengoba kuyizo ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kweBhayibhili.—Luk 4:17-20; 2Ti 4:13.
Indawo engcwele.
Le yindawo eyayikhethiwe ukuthi kukhonzelwe kuyo, kodwa ezikhathini ezinengi itsho ithabanikeli kumbe ithempeli elaliseJerusalema. Iphinda itsho lendawo uNkulunkulu ahlala kuyo emazulwini.—Eks 25:8, 9; 2Am 10:25; 1Imi 28:10; Sam 11:19.
INdlela KaSolomoni.
Le kwakuyindlela eyayilophahla eyayisethempelini elalisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Yayisempumalanga yeguma langaphandle lethempeli futhi abanengi babekholwa ukuthi yasala ngesikhathi kudilika ithempeli likaSolomoni. UJesu wake wahamba kuyo ngesikhathi ‘sebusika’ futhi yikho lapho amaKhristu okuqala ayehlangana khona ukuze akhonze.—Joh 10:22, 23; ImiS 5:12.
INdlela.
IMibhalo isebenzisa ibala leli nxa ikhuluma ngezenzo loba ukuziphatha okwamukelwa nguJehova kumbe lokho angakwamukeliyo. Labo ababa ngabalandeli bakaJesu Khristu kwakuthiwa ‘ngabaleyoNdlela,’ okutsho ukuthi babephila ngendlela etshengisa ukuthi babelokholo kuJesu Khristu futhi belandela isibonelo sakhe.—ImiS 19:9.
INdodana kaDavida.
La ngamazwi ayejayele ukutshiwo nxa kukhulunywa ngoJesu. Ayegcizelela ukuthi wayeyiNdlalifa yesivumelwano soMbuso esasizagcwaliswa ngumuntu owayengowosendo lukaDavida.—Mat 12:23; 21:9.
INdodana yomuntu.
Amabala la atholakala izikhathi ezingaba ngu-80 emaVangelini. UJesu Khristu ubizwa ngokuthi yiNdodana yomuntu futhi lokhu kutshengisa ukuthi njengoba wazalwa emhlabeni, waba ngumuntu sibili hatshi isidalwa somoya esasintshintshe umzimba waso waba ngowenyama. Kuveza lokuthi uJesu wayezagcwalisa isiphrofetho esibhalwe kuDanyeli 7:13, 14. EMibhalweni YesiHebheru, uHezekheli ubizwa ngokuthi yindodana yomuntu futhi loDanyeli ubizwa njalo. Lokhu kutshengisa ukuthi izithunywa lezi ezimbili ezazingabantu benyama zazingafanani loNkulunkulu, uMnikazi wamazwi okwakufanele ziwatsho.—Hez 3:17; Dan 8:17; Mat 19:28; 20:28.
Indonsakusa.
Le yinkanyezi yokucina ukuphuma empumalanga ilanga lingakaphumi, etshengisa ukuthi sekuzakusa.—Sam 22:16; 2Pe 1:19.
Ingalo.
Lesi kwakuyisilinganiso sobude. Sasingaba ngangokusuka endololwaneni kusiyafika ekucineni komunwe ophakathi laphakathi. Abako-Israyeli babejayele ukusebenzisa ingalo engaba ngamasentimitha angu-44,5; kodwa babesebenzisa lengalo eyayisedlula le ngobubanzi besandla, yona eyayingaba ngamasentimitha angu-51,8.—Gen 6:15; Mat 6:27, amabala angaphansi; Luk 12:25, amabala angaphansi; Sam 21:17.
INgcwaba.
Nxa ibala leli libhalwe ngamabala amancane liyabe lisitsho ingcwaba nje; kodwa nxa lilo-N omkhulu liyabe lisitsho isimo abafileyo abakuso loba lifanekisela indawo yabantu abafileyo, okufanana lokuthi ‘iShiyoli’ ngesiHebheru lokuthi ‘iHayidesi’ ngesiGrikhi. IBhayibhili liveza ukuthi abantu abalapho kabenelisi ukwenza loba yini njalo kabakwazi lutho.—Gen 47:30; Tsh 9:10; Mat 27:61; ImiS 2:31.
INgcwele.
Indawo le yayisethabanikeli kanye lasethempelini futhi yayehlukene leNgcwele Ngcwele ngokuthi yona yayinkudlwana njalo wawuqala kuyo ungakangeni eNgcwele Ngcwele. INgcwele eyayisethabanikeli yayiloluthi lwesibane lwegolide, le-alithare lempepha elenziwe ngegolide, letafula yezinkwa zokubukiswa kanye lezitsha zegolide. Eyayisethempelini yona yayile-alithare legolide, lezinti zezibane zegolide ezilitshumi kanye lamatafula alitshumi ezinkwa zokubukiswa.—Eks 26:33; Heb 9:2.
INgcwele Ngcwele.
Le yindawo eyayingaphakathi ethabanikeli kanye lasethempelini, lapho ibhokisi lesivumelwano elaligcinwa khona. EMthethweni kaMosi, umuntu owayevunyelwa ukungena eNgcwele Ngcwele ngumphristi omkhulu. Wayengena kanye ngomnyaka ngeLanga Lokubuyisana.—Eks 26:33; Lev 16:2, 17; 1Am 6:16; Heb 9:3.
Ingilosi enkulu.
Inhlawulo.
Le kwakuyimbadalo eyayikhitshwa ukuze umuntu akhululwe ekuthunjweni, ekujezisweni, ekuhluphekeni, esonweni kumbe emlandwini othile. Imbadalo le kwakungayisiyo mali kuphela. (Isy 43:3) Inhlawulo yayifuneka ezimeni ezitshiyeneyo. Ngokwesibonelo, wonke amazibulo esilisa lamazibulo amaduna ezinyamazana ayengakaJehova. Ngakho kwakumele kubhadalwe inhlawulo kumbe ahlengwe ngokuthile ukuze akhululwe, angabi nganikelwe enkonzweni kaJehova kuphela. (Nan 3:45, 46; 18:15, 16) Nxa inkunzi eyingozi yayingatshiywa izihambela yodwa ibisibulala umuntu, umnikazi wayebhadaliswa inhlawulo ukuze akhululwe kusigwebo sokufa ayesiphiwa. (Eks 21:29, 30) Kodwa inhlawulo yomuntu obulele ngabomo yayingeke yamukelwe. (Nan 35:31) Inhlawulo eqakatheke kulazo zonke okukhulunywa ngayo eBhayibhilini yileyo uKhristu ayibhadala ngomhlatshelo wokufa kwakhe ukuze akhulule abantu esonweni lasekufeni.—Hu 49:7, 8; Mat 20:28; Efe 1:7.
Inkatho.
La ngamatshe amancane loba okuyizigodo okuncane okwakusetshenziswa nxa kusenziwa izinqumo. Kwakuthathwa kufakwe esembathweni loba esitsheni, besekukhuhluzwa. Okwakudojwa khonapho loba okwakusiwa lapho kwakuyabe kuyiyo inkatho ekhethiweyo. Izikhathi ezinengi ababesenza inkatho babeqala bathandaze.—Mat 27:35; ImiS 1:26.
Inkonzo engcwele.
Inqola.
Inqola kwakungokokuhambisa okulamavili amabili. Yayidonswa ngamabhiza njalo yayisetshenziswa lasempini.—Eks 14:23; Aba 4:13; ImiS 8:28; Sam 9:9.
Insika.
Insika yinto enkulu eme yaqonda esekela isakhiwo futhi eyakhiwe yaphakama. Insika zazikhona ethempelini lasezakhiweni zesigodlweni ezakhiwa nguSolomoni. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, insika imela isisekelo (1Ti 3:15) kumbe ukuthi into ethile izahlala ikhona (Sam 3:12).—Aba 16:29; 1Am 7:21.
Intonga yobukhosi.
Intonga le kwakungumqwayi loba induku eyayithwalwa ngumbusi eyayimela amandla okubusa.—Gen 49:10; Heb 1:8.
Ipharadayisi.
Le yindawo enhle okwamagama, enjengephakhi. Indawo yokuqala eyayilipharadayisi kwakuyi-Edeni, leyo uJehova ayeyenzele abantu bokuqala ababili. UJesu wathi ekhuluma lesigebenga esasiseceleni kwakhe esigodweni sokuhlutshwa, waveza ukuthi umhlaba uzakuba lipharadayisi. Kukhanya ibala elithi ipharadayisi eliku-2 Khorinte 12:4 litsho ipharadayisi emela okuthile. ElikuSambulo 2:7 litsho ipharadayisi yasezulwini.—INg 4:13; Luk 23:43.
IPhasika.
Lo kwakungumkhosi owawusenziwa kanye ngomnyaka mhlaka 14 ngenyanga ka-Abhibhi (eyacina isibizwa ngokuthi nguNisani), ukuze kukhunjulwe ukukhululwa kwama-Israyeli eGibhithe. Ngesikhathi ama-Israyeli ethakazelela umkhosi lo, ayehlaba imvana (kumbe imbuzi), abeseyidla lemibhida ebabayo kanye lesinkwa esingelamvubelo.—Eks 12:27; Joh 6:4; 1Kr 5:7.
IPhentekhosti.
Lo kwakungumkhosi wesibili emikhosini emithathu eqakathekileyo okwakumele wonke amaJuda esilisa ayeyithakazelela eJerusalema. Ukuthi Phentekhosti kutsho ukuthi “eLesi-50 (iLanga).” Leli libizo elisetshenziswa eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi. EMibhalweni YesiHebheru umkhosi lo ubizwa ngokuthi nguMkhosi Wesivuno loba uMkhosi Wamaviki. IPhentekhosti yayithakazelelwa ngelanga lesi-50 nxa kubalwa kusukela kuNisani 16.—Eks 23:16; 34:22; ImiS 2:1.
Iqembu elabhazukayo.
Laba ngabantu ababambelela emfundisweni ethile kumbe emuntwini obakhokhelayo, belandela lokho bona abakukholwayo. Lisetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngamaqembu amabili adumileyo okholo lwesiJuda, abaFarisi labaSadusi. Abantu ababengayisiwo maKhristu babebiza amaKhristu ngokuthi ‘aliqembu elabhazukayo’ langokuthi ‘aliqembu lamaNazaretha,’ mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi babesithi abhazuke okholweni lwesiJuda. Amaqembu abhazukayo acina esekhona lasebandleni lamaKhristu. KuSambulo kukhulunywa ‘ngeqembu likaNikholayi elabhazukayo.’—ImiS 5:17; 15:5; 24:5; 28:22; Sam 2:6; 2Pe 2:1.
ISabatha.
Ibala leli livela kwelesiHebheru elitsho “ukuphumula; ukuma ukwenza ulutho.” ISabatha lilanga lesikhombisa evikini yamaJuda (liqalisa ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu liphele ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo). Ezinye insuku zemikhosi eyayisiba khona phakathi komnyaka, lomnyaka wesikhombisa kanye lomnyaka wesi-50 lakho kwakubizwa ngokuthi ngamasabatha. Kakho okwakumele asebenze ngelanga leSabatha ngaphandle kwabaphristi ababesebenza endaweni engcwele. Ngeminyaka yeSabatha umhlabathi kwakungamelanga ulinywe futhi amaHebheru kwakungamelanga abambe abafowabo ngenkani ukuthi babhadale izikwelede. EMthethweni kaMosi, imilayo eyayiphathelane leSabatha yayinganzima, kodwa abakhokheli benkolo baqhubeka besengezelela kuyo okokuthi ngesikhathi sikaJesu kwasekunzima ukuthi abantu bayilandele.—Eks 20:8; Lev 25:4; Luk 13:14-16; Kol 2:16.
Isaga.
Isaga ngamazwi ahlakaniphileyo kumbe indatshana efundisa isifundo esithile kumbe eveza iqiniso elizikileyo ngamazwi amalutshwana kakhulu. Izaga eziseBhayibhilini zingaba yizitsho eziphicayo loba amazwi asalibho. Isaga simumethe iqiniso elethulwe ngolimi olumnandi, ikakhulu ngeziqathaniso. Ezinye izitsho zacina sezingamazwi ajayelekileyo ayesesetshenziswa nxa kuchothozwa abanye abantu loba nxa beseyiswa.—Tsh 12:9; 2Pe 2:22.
ISamariya.
Leli lidolobho elaliyisigodlo sombuso wako-Israyeli wasenyakatho owezizwana ezilitshumi okweminyaka engaba ngu-200 njalo lonke ilizwe lalowombuso lalibizwa ngalelobizo. Idolobho leli lalakhelwe eNtabeni iSamariya. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, ibizo elithi Samariya lalingelesigaba saseRoma esasiphakathi kweGalile eyayisenyakatho leJudiya eyayiseningizimu. Ngesikhathi uJesu ehamba etshumayela, wayengajayelanga ukutshumayela kuleyondawo kodwa ngezinye izikhathi wayedabula kuyo akhulume lababehlala khona. UPhetro wasebenzisa ikhiye yesibili yoMbuso lapho amaSamariya esamukela umoya ongcwele.—1Am 16:24; Joh 4:7; ImiS 8:14.
ISanihedrini.
Lo kwakungumthethwandaba omkhulu wamaJuda owawuseJerusalema. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, iqembu leli lalilamalunga angu-71 njalo lalibunjwa ngumphristi omkhulu, labanye ababeke baba ngabaphristi abakhulu, lamalunga ezimuli zabaphristi abakhulu, labadala, lezinhloko zezimuli lezezizwana kanye lababhali.—Mak 15:1; ImiS 5:34; 23:1, 6.
Isanuse.
Lo ngumuntu osebenzisa amandla okukhanyayo ukuthi avela emimoyeni emibi.—ImiS 13:6.
Isazi sezinkanyezi.
Umuntu ohlola ukuhamba kwelanga lenyanga kanye lezinkanyezi ukuze atsho okuzakwenzakala esikhathini esizayo.—Mat 2:1.
Isembatho samasaka.
Leli kwakulilembu elihwayayo elalisetshenziswa ukwenza amasaka loba izikhwama ezinjengalezo okwakufakelwa kuzo amabele. Lalijayele ukulungiswa ngoboya bembuzi obumnyama njalo yilo elalandise ukugqokwa ngumuntu olilayo.—Gen 37:34; Luk 10:13.
Isembozo sebhokisi.
Lesi kwakuyisivalo sebhokisi lesivumelwano umphristi omkhulu ayefika achele kuso igazi leminikelo yesono ngeLanga Lokubuyisana. NgesiHebheru ibala leli lithethwe ebaleni eliyisenzo elitsho ukuthi “ukusibekela (isono)” loba “ukwesula (isono).” Sasenziwe ngegolide lodwa futhi kwakufakwe amakherubhi amabili kuso, kulelilodwa eceleni ngalinye. Kwezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ‘yisisibekelo.’—Eks 25:17-22; 1Imi 28:11; Heb 9:5.
Isi-Aramayikhi.
Lolu lulimi oluphosa lufanane lesiHebheru njalo lusebenzisa i-alifabhethi kumbe izinhlamvu zamabala ezinjengezesiHebheru. Ekuqaliseni lwalukhulunywa ngama-Aramu kodwa lwacina selusetshenziswa kwezokuthengiselana lezokukhulumisana emazweni ayengaphansi kombuso we-Asiriya loweBhabhiloni. Yilo futhi ulimi olwalusetshenziswa nguhulumende woMbuso wasePhesiya. (Ezr 4:7) Ezinye izingxenye zebhuku lika-Ezra lelikaJeremiya kanye lelikaDanyeli zabhalwa ngesi-Aramayikhi, njalo amanye amabala esi-Aramayikhi asetshenziswa eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi.—Ezr 4:8–6:18; 7:12-26; Jer 10:11; Dan 2:4b–7:28; Mak 14:36; ImiS 9:36.
Isibonakaliso.
ISidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa.
Lesi yisidlo lapho okudliwa khona isinkwa esingelamvubelo kunathwe lewayini futhi siyisikhumbuzo sokufa kukaJesu. Isinkwa simela umzimba kaKhristu, iwayini lona limela igazi lakhe. Njengoba iMibhalo isithi amaKhristu kumele ahlale ewenza umkhosi lo, kufanele sibili ukuthi ubizwe ngokuthi “yiSikhumbuzo.”—1Kr 11:20, 23-26.
Isifebe.
Isifebe ngumuntu oya emacansini lomuntu angatshadanga laye ikakhulu efuna imali. (Ibala lesiGrikhi elihunyutshwa ngokuthi “isifebe” ngelithi porʹne, futhi lithethwe ebaleni elitsho “ukuthengisa.”) Ibala leli lisetshenziswa kakhulu nxa kutshiwo umuntu wesifazana lanxa eBhayibhilini kukhulunywa langezifebe zesilisa. Ubufebe babungavunyelwa eMthethweni kaMosi njalo iholo lesifebe lalingamukelwa ukuthi libe ngumnikelo endaweni engcwele kaJehova, lanxa izizwe ezazikhonza onkulunkulu bamanga zazisebenzisa izifebe zethempeli ukuthi zithole imali. (Dut 23:17, 18; 1Am 14:24) EBhayibhilini ibala leli lingatsho abantu, lezizwe kanye lezinhlanganiso ezikhonza izithombe ngapha zisithi zikhonza uNkulunkulu. Ngokwesibonelo kuSambulo, inkolo ebizwa ngokuthi “yiBhabhiloni Enkulu” ichazwa ngokuthi iyisifebe ngoba izimanyanisa lababusi bomhlaba lo ukuze ithole amandla kanye lemali.—Sam 17:1-5; 18:3; 1Imi 5:25.
Isifungo.
Lesi yisithembiso esiqotho umuntu asenza kuNkulunkulu, emthembisa ukuthi uzakwenza okuthile kumbe ukuthi uzanikela loba amuphe isipho, kumbe ukuthi uzakwenza umsebenzi wenkonzo, loba ukuthi uzayekela ukwenza ezinye izinto lanxa eyabe engephulanga mthetho nxa engazenza. Isifungo singatsho lamazwi aqinisekisa ukuthi into ekhulunyiweyo iliqiniso kumbe sitsho isithembiso esenziwa ngumuntu esokuthi uzakwenza enye into loba kasoze ayenze. Izikhathi ezinengi isifungo siba yisithembiso esiqotho esenziwa emuntwini olesikhundla esiphezulu, ikakhulu uNkulunkulu. UJehova waqinisa isivumelwano sakhe lo-Abrahama ngokwenza isifungo.—Mat 5:33; Gen 14:22; Heb 6:16, 17.
Isigodo.
Lolu lugodo olukhulu oluqondileyo okwakubethelwa kulo umuntu. Lwalusetshenziswa ngezinye izizwe nxa zibulala umuntu kumbe zifuna ukuthi isidumbu sakhe sibonakale ebantwini ukuze kube yisixwayiso kubo loba kube lihlazo emphakathini. Ama-Asiriya ayesaziwa ngesihluku ayelaso empini. Ayethatha abathunjiweyo abahlome izigodo ezinkulu ezicijileyo, zidlule esiswini zize ziyefika ngaphakathi esifubeni, abesebalengisa. Kodwa eMthethweni wamaJuda ababelamacala amakhulu njengokuthuka uNkulunkulu kumbe ukukhonza izithombe babeqala babulawe ngokukhandwa ngamatshe kumbe ngenye indlela, izidumbu zabo besezilengiswa ezigodweni loba ezihlahleni ukuze kuxwayiswe abanye. (Dut 21:22, 23; 2Sa 21:6, 9) Kodwa kwezinye izikhathi amaRoma wona ayebophela umuntu esigodweni ephila. Umuntu lo wayengahlala okwamalangana aze afe ngenxa yobuhlungu, lokoma, lendlala kanye lokutshiswa lilanga. Kwezinye izikhathi ayebethela izandla lenyawo zomsolwa esigodweni. Lokho yikho akwenza kuJesu. (Luk 24:20; Joh 19:14-16; 20:25; ImiS 2:23, 36)—Khangela elithi ISIGODO SOKUHLUTSHWA.
Isigodo sokuhlutshwa.
Leli libala elihunyutshwe kwelesiGrikhi elithi stau·rosʹ, elitsho ugodo olukhulu oluqonde nta, olunjengalolo uJesu abethelwa kulo. Akulabufakazi bokuthi ibala leli lesiGrikhi lalisitsho isiphambano esinjengaleso esasisetshenziswa ngabahedeni okweminyaka eminengi uJesu engakabuyi emhlabeni futhi esasiluphawu lwabo lwezokukhonza. Ibala elithi ‘isigodo sokuhlutshwa’ likuveza kuhle kakhulu okutshiwo libala lesiGrikhi njengoba uJesu laye wasebenzisa ibala elithi stau·rosʹ ukuze atshengise ukuthi abalandeli bakhe babezahlutshwa, bathwale nzima futhi behlelwe lihlazo. (Mat 16:24; Heb 12:2)—Khangela elithi ISIGODO.
IsiGrikhi; UmGrikhi.
IsiGrikhi lulimi olukhulunywa ngabantu baseGrisi, njalo ibala elithi umGrikhi lingatsho umuntu odabuka eGrisi kumbe olabakibo abadabuka khona. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, ibala elithi amaGrikhi litsho abantu bonke ababengayisiwo maJuda kumbe ababesebenzisa ulimi lwesiGrikhi, belandela lamasiko akhona.—Jow 3:6; Joh 12:20.
Isihlahla sokuphila.
Lesi yisihlahla esasisesivandeni sase-Edeni. IBhayibhili kalitsho ukuthi izithelo zesihlahla lesi zazilokuthile okunika ukuphila, kodwa sasimela isiqinisekiso sikaNkulunkulu sokuthi labo ayezabavumela ukuthi badle izithelo zaso babezathola ukuphila okungapheliyo. Ebhukwini leSambulo, simela ukuphila okungapheliyo uNkulunkulu akunika abantu bakhe.—Gen 2:9; 3:22; Sam 2:7; 22:19.
Isihlalo sokwahlulela.
Isihlalo lesi sasijayele ukuba yindawo ephandle ephakemeyo okwakufikwa kuyo ngokukhwela amasitephisi. Iziphathamandla zazihlala lapho besezikhuluma lamaxuku abantu kumbe zibatshele izinqumo zazo. ‘Isihlalo sokwahlulela sikaNkulunkulu’ kanye ‘lesihlalo sokwahlulela sikaKhristu’ simela uhlelo lukaJehova lokwahlulela abantu bonke.—Rom 14:10; 2Kr 5:10; Joh 19:13.
Isikhamelo sewayini.
Isikhamelo sewayini sasijayele ukuba ngamagodi amabili agujwe elitsheni okuthiwa yi-limestone. Elinye igodi lalisiba phezulu elinye libe phansi, ehlanganiswa ngokungumgelo okuncane. Kwakusithi nxa amagilebisi evoxwa egodini eliphezulu umhluzi wawo ugelezele egodini eliphansi. Ibala leli lisetshenziswa ukumela isahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu.—Sam 19:15.
Isinagogi.
Ibala leli litsho “ukubuthanisa” loba “umhlangano,” kodwa emibhalweni eminengi litsho isakhiwo kumbe indawo lapho amaJuda ayehlangana khona ukuze abale iMibhalo, afundiswe, atshumayele futhi athandaze. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, wonke amadolobho amakhudlwana ako-Israyeli ayelesinagogi, njalo amadolobho amakhulu wona ayelamabili kusiya phezulu.—Luk 4:16; ImiS 13:14, 15.
Isinkwa esingelamvubelo.
Lesi yisinkwa esiphekwa singafakwanga umkhukhumezo.—Dut 16:3; Mak 14:12; 1Kr 5:8.
Isiphetho somumo wezinto.
Lesi yisikhathi esiqhubeka kuze kufike ukucina komumo lo wezinto obuswa nguSathane. Isiphetho somumo wezinto sisesikhathini sinye lokuba khona kukaKhristu. Izingilosi zizakhokhelwa nguJesu “zehlukanise ababi kwabalungileyo,” besezibabhubhisa. (Mat 13:40-42, 49) Abafundi bakaJesu babefisa ukwazi ukuthi ‘isiphetho’ leso sizafika nini. (Mat 24:3) UJesu engakabuyeli ezulwini wathembisa abalandeli bakhe ukuthi wayezakuba labo kuze kube yilesosikhathi.—Mat 28:20.
Isiphrofetho.
Isiphrofetho lilizwi eliphefumulelweyo. Singaba yikwembulwa kwentando kaNkulunkulu loba ukumenyezelwa kwayo, futhi singaphinda sibe ngamazwi aphefumulelweyo afundisa abantu indlela yokuphila, loba umlayo kumbe isahlulelo esivela kuNkulunkulu kumbe ukumenyezelwa kwento ethile ezakwenzakala.—Mat 13:14; 2Pe 1:20, 21.
Isiqalekiso.
Lokhu yikusongela kumbe ukutshela umuntu kumbe olunye ulutho ukuthi luzakwehlelwa ngokubi. Kakufanani lokuthethisa kumbe ukuzonda kakhulu. Isiqalekiso sijayele ukuba yisimemezelo sokubi okuzakwenzakala. Nxa sikhulunywe nguNkulunkulu kumbe ngumuntu obekwe esikhundleni, silamandla futhi siqakatheke njengesiphrofetho.—Gen 12:3; Nan 22:12; Mak 11:21; ImiS 23:12; Rom 12:14; Gal 3:10.
ISiriya; AmaSiriya.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, iSiriya kwakuyisabelo saseRoma futhi isigodlo sayo kwakuyi-Antiyokhi. Isabelo lesi sasiphosa sigoqele lonke ilizwe laseSiriya okukhulunywa ngalo eMibhalweni YesiHebheru, elalibizwa langokuthi yi-Aramu. Usibalukhulu waseSiriya wayekhangela lePhalestina yonke.—Luk 2:2; ImiS 18:18; Gal 1:21.
ISithisi.
Le kwakuyindawo elamanzi angatshoniyo eyayikhokhelela elwandle futhi yayisesihlengeni esiseLibya, eNyakatho Africa. Abatshayeli bemikhumbi bakudala babeyesaba ngoba yayileziduli zetshebetshebe eziyingozi ezazihlala zintshintshantshintsha ngenxa yokubohla lokukhwela kwamanzi.—ImiS 27:17.
Isithombe; Ukukhonza izithombe.
Isivumelwano.
Lokhu yikuvumelana okusemthethweni loba i-contract ephakathi kukaNkulunkulu labantu, kumbe phakathi kwabantu ababili loba amaqembu amabili avumelana ukwenza loba ukungenzi okuthile. Kwezinye izikhathi kwakusiba liqembu elilodwa kumbe umuntu oyedwa okwakumele enze okuvunyelenweyo (okufanana lokuthi uyabe ethembisile). Kodwa kwezinye izikhathi amaqembu womabili kwakumele enze okuthile. IBhayibhili likhuluma ngezivumelwano uNkulunkulu azenza labantu, lalezo eziphakathi kwabantu, kwezizwana, kwezizwe kumbe kwamaqembu. Ezinye esezincede kakhulu yilezi: isivumelwano sikaNkulunkulu lo-Abrahama, loDavida, lesizwe sako-Israyeli (isivumelwano soMthetho) laleso asenza lo-Israyeli kaNkulunkulu (isivumelwano esitsha).—Gen 9:11; 15:18; 21:27; Eks 24:7; 2Imi 21:7; Luk 22:29; ImiS 3:25; 2Kr 3:6; Heb 8:6.
Ithalenta.
Ithalenta lamaHebheru laliyisilinganiso sesisindo esikhulu kulazo zonke futhi laliyimali enkulu. Lalingamakhilogiramu angu-34,2. ElamaGrikhi lona lalilincane kulalelo, lingaba ngamakhilogiramu angu-20,4.—1Imi 22:14; Mat 18:24.
IThatharasi.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, iThatharasi itsho isimo eseyisekayo esifanana lejele, okwafakwa kuso izingilosi ezazingalaleli ngesikhathi sikaNowa. Ibala eliyisenzo elisetshenziswe ku-2 Phetro 2:4 elithi tar·ta·roʹo (“ukuphoselwa eThatharasi”) kalitsho ukuthi “izingilosi ezonayo” zaphoselwa eThatharasi yabahedeni, leyo abathi yindawo ephansi emnyama futhi eyijele yabonkulunkulu abangaqakathekanga. Kodwa litsho ukuthi uNkulunkulu wasusa izingilosi lezo endaweni yazo yasezulwini wazithathela izibusiso zazo, wasezifaka esimeni sobumnyama obukhulu sokungazi loba yini ephathelane lezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu ezinhle. Isiphetho sazo yibumnyama njalo iMibhalo itshengisa ukuthi ubumnyama lobu yikubhujiswa kwazo kwaphakade zilombusi wazo uSathane uDeveli. Ngakho iThatharasi itsho isimo eseyisekayo izingilosi lezo ezahlamukayo ezehliselwa kuso. Kayifanani ‘lomgodi ongelamkhawulo’ okukhulunywa ngawo kuSambulo 20:1-3.
Ithempeli.
Lesi yisakhiwo esasiseJerusalema ama-Israyeli ayekhonzela kuso njalo sathatha indawo yethabanikeli elalithwalwa. Ithempeli lokuqala lakhiwa nguSolomoni futhi ladilizwa ngabaseBhabhiloni. Elesibili lakhiwa nguZerubhabheli ama-Israyeli esephendukile ekuthunjweni ngabaseBhabhiloni. Ngemva kwesikhathi lakhiwa kutsha nguHerodi Omkhulu. Kwezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi “yindlu.”—Mat 21:13; Luk 11:51; 1Imi 29:1; 2Imi 2:4; Mat 24:1.
Ithuna eliyisikhumbuzo.
Le yindawo yokungcwaba, lapho okwakubekwa khona umuntu ofileyo. Ibala leli lihunyutshwe kwelesiGrikhi elithi mne·meiʹon, elithethwe ebaleni eliyisenzo elithi “ukukhumbuza.” Lokhu kutshengisa ukuthi ofileyo uyakhunjulwa.—Joh 5:28, 29, amabala angaphansi.
Izibulo.
Kutshiwo ikakhulu indodana yokuqala kuyise. Endulo indodana elizibulo yayilesikhundla esihloniphekayo emulini njalo yayisiba yinhloko nxa uyise esefile. Ngaphandle kokuba lizibulo likaJehova, uJesu uphinda abe lizibulo kukho konke okwadalwayo futhi ulizibulo ekuvusweni kwabafileyo.—Gen 25:33; Eks 11:5; Kol 1:15; Sam 1:5.
Izikhumba.
Lezi yizikhumba zezimvu kumbe ezembuzi loba ezamathole ezazilungiswa besekubhalelwa kuzo. Zaziqinile ukwedlula iphepha elalisenziwa ngalesosikhathi njalo kwakusenziwa ngazo izincwadimgoqwa zeBhayibhili. Kungenzeka ukuthi izikhumba uPhawuli acela ukuthi uThimothi abuye lazo zazingeminye iMibhalo YesiHebheru. Eminye iMibhalo eyatholakala eLwandle Lwesawudo (Dead Sea) yayibhalwe kulezozikhumba.—2Ti 4:13.
Izimangaliso; Imisebenzi yamandla.
Izinciji.
Lezi yizigodo ezinde ezilensimbi ezicijileyo phambili ezazisetshenziswa ngabalimi ukuthinta izifuyo. Izinciji zifaniswa lamazwi omuntu ohlakaniphileyo enza ukuthi olaleleyo alandele iseluleko esilokuhlakanipha. ‘Ukukhahlela izinciji’ kuthathelwa esenzweni senkunzi elenkani ekhahlela izinciji isala ukunqandwa, icine isizilimazile.—ImiS 26:14; Aba 3:31.
Izindaba ezinhle.
Izingilosi.
Ibala leli livela kwelesiHebheru elithi mal·ʼakhʹ lakwelesiGrikhi elithi agʹge·los. Nxa amabala la ethethwe enjengoba enjalo atsho “isithunywa,” kodwa nxa kukhulunywa ngezithunywa zasezulwini ahunyutshwa ngokuthi ‘yizingilosi.’ (Gen 16:7; 32:3; Jak 2:25; Sam 22:8) Izingilosi yizidalwa zomoya zasezulwini ezilamandla njalo zadalwa nguNkulunkulu kusasele isikhathi eside ukuthi adale abantu. EBhayibhilini zibizwa langokuthi ‘ngabanengi babangcwele’ langokuthi ‘yizinkanyezi zokusa.’ (Dut 33:2; Job 38:7) Zonke zadalwa futhi kazidalelwanga ukuthi zibe zizalana. Inani lazo ledlula 100 miliyoni. (Dan 7:10) IBhayibhili litshengisa ukuthi ingilosi ngayinye ilebizo layo lobuntu bayo yodwa. Kodwa zithobekile, kazivumi ukukhonzwa njalo ezinengi kaziwatsho amabizo azo. (Gen 32:29; Luk 1:26; Sam 22:8, 9) Zilezigaba ezitshiyeneyo futhi ziphiwa imisebenzi etshiyeneyo egoqela ukukhonza phambi kwesihlalo sobukhosi sikaJehova, ukuhambisa imibiko yakhe, ukuncedisa izinceku zakhe ezisemhlabeni, ukukhipha izahlulelo zakhe lokusekela umsebenzi wokutshumayela izindaba ezinhle. (2Am 19:35; Hu 34:7; Mat 4:11; Luk 1:30, 31; Sam 5:11; 14:6) Esikhathini esizayo zizancedisa uJesu nxa esesilwa empini ye-Amagedoni.—Sam 19:14, 15.
Izinjulangqondo ezingama-Ephikhuri.
Laba kwakungabalandeli benjulangqondo engumGrikhi u-Ephikhuri eyaphila ngo-341 kusiya ku-270 B.C.E. Izinto ababezikholwa zazisekelwe emfundisweni yokuthi umuntu kufanele aphilele ukuzijabulisa kuphela.—ImiS 17:18.
Izinjulangqondo ezingamaStoyikhi.
Lezi kwakuyizazi ezingamaGrikhi ezazikholwa ukuthi injabulo itholakala ngokuphila ulandela imicabango ethile kanye lemvelo. Zazisithi umuntu olokuhlakanipha kweqiniso kantshintshwa yibuhlungu loba yikukholisa.—ImiS 17:18.
Izinkwa zokubukiswa.
Lezi yizinkwa ezingu-12 ezazibekwa etafuleni eyayiseNgcwele yethabanikeli kanye leyethempeli. Zazigadaniswa kuhle zibe zinqwaba ezimbili, ngayinye ilezinkwa eziyisithupha. Umnikelo lo owawusiya kuNkulunkulu wawuntshintshwa iSabatha ngalinye, kufakwe ezinye izinkwa ezazisanda kuphekwa. Izinkwa ezazikhitshwa zazijayele ukudliwa ngabaphristi kuphela.—2Imi 2:4; Eks 25:30; Lev 24:5-9; Mat 12:4; Heb 9:2.
Insuku zokucina.
Nxa iziphrofetho zeBhayibhili zikhuluma ngensuku zokucina, ziyabe zisitsho isikhathi lapho izenzakalo ezithile eziyabe sezisiya khona emaphethelweni. (Hez 38:16; Dan 10:14; ImiS 2:17) Isikhathi leso singaba yiminyaka emilutshwana kumbe eminengi, kusiya ngesiphrofetho sakhona. Kodwa iBhayibhili likhuluma ikakhulu ‘ngensuku zokucina’ zomumo lo wezinto, ezangesikhathi lesi sokuba khona kukaJesu okungabonakaliyo.—2Ti 3:1; Jak 5:3; 2Pe 3:3.
Intethe.
Lezi zintethe ezaziphapha zizinengi zisuka kwenye indawo zisiya kwenye ekhatshana. UMthetho kaMosi wawusithi zihlanzekile, kuqondile ukuzidla. Nxa zazizinengi, kuyilezo ezidla zitshabalalise konke okuphambi kwazo, kwakuthiwa kulohlupho lwezintethe.—Eks 10:14; Mat 3:4.
Izipho zesihawu.
Izipho ezazinikelwa ukuze kuncedwe umuntu oswelayo. Akulavesi eMibhalweni YesiHebheru ekhuluma ngazo, kodwa uMthetho wawulemilayo ecacileyo yokuthi ama-Israyeli alomlandu wokuncedisa abayanga.—Mat 6:2, amabala angaphansi.
Izithelo zokuqala.
Lezi kwakuyizithelo ezaziqalisa ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna; kwakungokokuqala kwaloba yini. UJehova wayefuna isizwe sako-Israyeli sinikele kuye izithelo zokuqala, okwakungaba ngumuntu, yinyamazana kumbe ngokulinywayo. Isizwe sako-Israyeli sasinikela kuNkulunkulu izithelo zokuqala eMkhosini Wesinkwa Esingelamvubelo langePhentekhosti. Kwamanye amavesi amabala athi ‘izithelo zokuqala’ atsho uKhristu labalandeli bakhe abagcotshiweyo.—1Kr 15:23; Nan 15:21; Zag 3:9; Sam 14:4.
Izitsha zokutshisela impepha.
Izitsha ezazenziwe ngegolide, ngesiliva kumbe ngekhopha. Zazisetshenziswa ethabanikeli lasethempelini ukutshisela impepha lokukhipha amalahle e-alithareni lemihlatshelo kanye lokukhipha umlotha osele ezintini zezibane zegolide. Zazibizwa langokuthi yizitsha zokuthwala umlilo.—Eks 37:23; 2Imi 26:19; Heb 9:4.
IZiyoni; INtaba iZiyoni.
Leli kwakulibizo ledolobho elaliyinqaba okwakuthiwa yiJebusi. LalingelamaJebusi futhi laliseningizimu mpumalanga yoqaqa lwaseJerusalema. UDavida wathi eselinqobile lelodolobho wakha isigodlo sakhe kulo, laqalisa ukubizwa ngokuthi ‘liDolobho likaDavida.’ (2Sa 5:7, 9) IZiyoni yaba yintaba engcwele kakhulu kuJehova ngemva kokuba uDavida ehambise ibhokisi lesivumelwano kuyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ibizo leli laselisitsho lendawo eyayiseNtabeni iMoriya lapho okwakulethempeli khona njalo ngezinye izikhathi lalisitsho lonke nje idolobho laseJerusalema. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi ibizo leli lijayele ukumela okuthile.—Hu 2:6; 1Pe 2:6; Sam 14:1.
O
Okhululekileyo; Okhululiweyo.
. Ngesikhathi kubusa amaRoma, umuntu “okhululekileyo” ngulowo owayezalwa ekhululekile, elamalungelo wonke okuba yisizalwane saseRoma. Kodwa “okhululiweyo” kwakungulowo owayekhululwe ebugqilini. Ukukhululwa okusemthethweni kwakusenza aphiwe ilungelo lokuba yisizalwane saseRoma, kodwa wayengeke athole isikhundla kwezombusazwe. Lowo owayephongukhululwa nje wayekhululwa ebugqilini kodwa engatholi wonke amalungelo esizalwane saseRoma.—1Kr 7:22.
Okungcolileyo.
. Ibala leli lingatsho ukungcola komzimba kumbe okokwephula imithetho yokuziphatha. Kodwa izikhathi ezinengi eBhayibhilini ibala leli litsho lokho okungamukelekiyo kumbe okungahlambulukanga ngokoMthetho kaMosi. (Lev 5:2; 13:45; Mat 10:1; ImiS 10:14; Efe 5:5)—Khangela elithi UKUHLANZEKA; UKUHLAMBULUKA.
Okwetshumi.
. Le kwakuyingxenye yetshumi kumbe amaphesenti alitshumi ayebhadalwa kumbe enikelwa, ikakhulu ukuze aphathise ezintweni eziphathelane lokukhonza. (Mal 3:10; Dut 26:12; Mat 23:23; Heb 7:5) EMthethweni kaMosi kwakukhitshwa okwetshumi kwalokho okuvuniweyo lokwetshumi phakathi kwenani elengezelelweyo lezifuyo, besekuphiwa amaLevi umnyaka ngamunye ukuze bathole okokuziphilisa. AmaLevi wona ayekhipha okwetshumi phakathi kokwetshumi ayabe ekutholile, akunike abaphristi bosendo luka-Aroni ukuze bathole okokuziphilisa. Kulokunye futhi okwetshumi okwakukhitshwa. Kodwa khathesi akusengumthetho ukuthi amaKhristu akhiphe okwetshumi.
Omantshi.
. Ezindaweni ezazibuswa yiRoma, omantshi babeyiziphathamandla zikahulumende. Imisebenzi yabo yayigoqela ukuba leqiniso lokuthi kuhlala kulokuthula njalo babekhangela izimali zikahulumende futhi babesahlulela izephulamthetho, batsho lokuthi kufanele zijeziswe njani.—ImiS 16:20.
Omubi.
P
Porneiʹa.
Khangela elithi UKUZIPHATHA OKUBI KWEZEMACANSINI.
U
U-Alfa lo-Omega.
Ubhabhathizo; Bhabhathiza.
Ibala leli eliyisenzo litsho “ukucwilisa” kumbe ukutshonisa ulutho ngaphansi kwamanzi. UJesu wathi abalandeli bakhe kumele babhabhathizwe. IMibhalo layo ikhuluma ngobhabhathizo lukaJohane, ngokubhabhathizwa ngomoya ongcwele langokubhabhathizwa ngomlilo, njalonjalo.—Mat 3:11, 16; 28:19; Joh 3:23; 1Pe 3:21.
UBhali.
Leli libizo likankulunkulu wamaKhenani okwakuthiwa ngumnikazi wesibhakabhaka njalo okwakucatshangwa ukuthi unika abantu izulu futhi upha lenzalo. Ukuthi “Bhali” kwakusetshenziswa nxa sekukhulunywa langabonkulunkulu abancane ababelapho. NgesiHebheru ibala leli litsho ukuthi “uMnikazi loba iNkosi.”—1Am 18:21; Rom 11:4.
UBhelizebhubhi.
Ubufebe.
—Khangela elithi UKUZIPHATHA OKUBI KWEZEMACANSINI.
Ubulephero.
Lo ngumkhuhlane omubi ohlasela ijwabu. Ubulephero okukhulunywa ngabo eMibhalweni kabufanani xathu lobulephero balezinsuku ngoba bona babungahlaseli abantu kuphela kodwa babusiba khona lasezigqokweni kanye lasezindlini.—Lev 14:54; Luk 5:12.
Ubungcwele.
Ibala leli liveza ukuthi uJehova unjani, futhi litsho ukuba msulwa kukho konke. (Eks 28:36; 1Sa 2:2; Joh 17:11) Ibala lesiHebheru lelesiGrikhi elisetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngobungcwele babantu (Mak 6:20; ImiS 3:21), lobezinto (Rom 7:12; 11:16; 2Ti 3:15), lobezindawo (Mat 4:5; ImiS 7:33; Heb 9:1) kanye lobemisebenzi (Eks 36:4), litsho ukwehlukaniswa lokungcweliswa kolutho oluthile ukuze lube ngolukaNkulunkulu ongcwele; lube ngolunikelwe enkonzweni kaJehova. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, nxa kukhulunywa ngomuntu oziphatha ngendlela emsulwa, kusetshenziswa ibala elithi “ngcwele” lelithi “ubungcwele.”—2Kr 7:1; 1Pe 1:15, 16.
Udenariyu.
Lolu kwakuluhlamvu lwemali yesiliva yaseRoma olwalungaba ngamagiramu angu-3,85 njalo lwalulomfanekiso kaKhesari kwelinye icele. Lwalungumholo wesisebenzi welanga elilodwa futhi yilo olwalungumthelo amaRoma ayesithi kumele ubhadalwe ngumJuda ngamunye.—Mat 22:17; Luk 20:24.
UDeveli.
Leli libizo elichasisa uSathane eliseMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi; litsho ukuthi “uMnyundeli.” USathane waphiwa ibizo elithi Develi ngoba nguye umnyundeli omkhulu futhi nguye okhokhelayo ekuqambeni amanga okusola uJehova, lelizwi lakhe elihle kanye lebizo lakhe elingcwele.—Mat 4:1; Joh 8:44; Sam 12:9.
UFaro.
UHemesi.
Lo kwakungunkulunkulu wamaGrikhi owayeyindodana kaZewusi. UPhawuli wathi eseListra abantu balapho baphambanisa bambiza ngokuthi unguHemesi, njengoba babesithi unkulunkulu lo uyisithunywa sabonkulunkulu futhi ungunkulunkulu wobugabazi ekukhulumeni.—ImiS 14:12.
UHerodi.
Lesi yisibongo samakhosi ayebekwa ngamaRoma ukuthi abuse amaJuda. UHerodi owabusa kuqala kwakunguHerodi Omkhulu, owaziwa ngokwakha kutsha ithempeli elaliseJerusalema langokulaya ukuthi kubulawe abantwana ezama ukubulala uJesu. (Mat 2:16; Luk 1:5) UHerodi Akhelawu loHerodi Antiphasi, ababengamadodana kaHerodi Omkhulu, babekwa ukuthi babuse izingxenye ezithile zombuso kayise. (Mat 2:22) U-Antiphasi wayengumthethirakhi owayejayele ukubizwa ngokuthi “nkosi.” Wabusa ngesikhathi uJesu esenza inkonzo yakhe okweminyaka emithathu kwaze kwafika isikhathi sezenzakalo ezibhalwe kumiSebenzi 12. (Mak 6:14-17; Luk 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; ImiS 4:27; 13:1) Ngemva kwalokho uHerodi Agripha Wokuqala, owayengumzukulu kaHerodi Omkhulu, wabulawa yingilosi kaNkulunkulu esebuse okwesikhathi esifitshane. (ImiS 12:1-6, 18-23) Indodana yakhe, uHerodi Agripha Wesibili, yalandela yabusa kwaze kwaba yisikhathi amaJuda evukela iRoma.—ImiS 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.
U-Israyeli.
Leli libizo uNkulunkulu alinika uJakhobe. Lacina selisitsho zonke izizukulwane zakhe. Izizukulwane zamadodana kaJakhobe angu-12 zazijayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamadodana ako-Israyeli, yindlu ka-Israyeli, ngabantu bako-Israyeli (amadoda), kumbe ngokuthi ngama-Israyeli. Izizwana ezilitshumi zombuso wasenyakatho owehlukana lombuso waseningizimu lazo zazibizwa ngebizo elithi Israyeli njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amaKhristu agcotshiweyo ayesebizwa ngokuthi ‘ngu-Israyeli kaNkulunkulu.’—Gal 6:16; Gen 32:28; ImiS 4:10; Rom 9:6.
UJakhobe.
Wayeyindodana ka-Isaka loRabheka. Ngemva kwesikhathi uNkulunkulu wamnika ibizo elithi Israyeli, wasesiba yinhloko yabantu bako-Israyeli (ababebizwa langokuthi ngamaIsrayeli, bacina sebebizwa ngokuthi ngamaJuda). Wayelamadodana angu-12. Amadodana lawo kanye lezizukulwane zawo abumba izizwana ezingu-12 zesizwe sako-Israyeli. Isizwe lesi kumbe abantu bako-Israyeli baqhubeka bebizwa ngebizo elithi Jakhobe.—Gen 32:28; Mat 22:32.
UJehova.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, INguqulo Yomhlaba Omutsha isebenzisa ibizo elithi “Jehova” izikhathi ezingu-237. Nampu ubufakazi obenze ukuthi ibizo likaNkulunkulu lisetshenziswe kuleyoMibhalo:
1. EMibhalweni YesiHebheru eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sikaJesu labaphostoli bakhe, kwakulabongwaqa abane abamela ibizo likaNkulunkulu ababizwa ngokuthi yiTetragrammaton.
2. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu labaphostoli bakhe, iTetragrammaton yayitholakala laseMibhalweni YesiHebheru eyayisihunyutshelwe kusiGrikhi.
3. IMibhalo YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi layo isitshela ukuthi uJesu wayejayele ukulisebenzisa ibizo likaNkulunkulu futhi wayesenza ukuthi abanye balazi.—UJohane 17:6, 11, 12, 26.
4. Njengoba ibizo likaNkulunkulu lalikhona eMibhalweni YesiHebheru engcwele njalo iMibhalo YesiGrikhi ephefumulelweyo ilandela eyesiHebheru, bekungamangalisa ukuthi ibizo likaJehova liphongunyamalala, lingasatholakali kweyesiGrikhi.
5. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi ibizo likaNkulunkulu liyatholakala lifitshanisiwe.—ISambulo 19:1, 3, 4, 6.
6. Imibhalo yamaJuda yakudala itshengisa ukuthi amaKhristu angamaJuda ayesebenzisa ibizo likaNkulunkulu nxa ebhala.
7. Ezinye izifundiswa zeBhayibhili zithi kukhanya angathi ibizo likaNkulunkulu lalitholakala eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi eyayithethwe eMibhalweni YesiHebheru.
8. AmaBhayibhili ahunyutshwe ngezindimi ezedlula 100 alalo ibizo likaNkulunkulu eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi.
Ngakho-ke kulezizatho ezicacileyo zokubuyisela ibizo likaNkulunkulu elithi Jehova eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi. Lokhu yikho kanye okwenziwe ngabahumutshi be-Nguqulo Yomhlaba Omutsha. Bayalihlonipha kakhulu ibizo likaNkulunkulu njalo bayesaba ukukhipha loba yini eyayikhona emibhalweni yakuqala.—ISambulo 22:18, 19.
UJuda.
Wayeyindodana kaJakhobe yesine ayizalelwa ngumkakhe uLeya. UJakhobe wathi esezakufa wakhuluma isiphrofetho esasisithi kwakuzakuba lombusi omkhulu ozabusa isikhathi eside owayezavela kusendo lukaJuda. UJesu wathi esemhlabeni, wayengowosendo lukaJuda. Ibizo elithi Juda laliphinda lisetshenziswe nxa kukhulunywa ngesizwana futhi ngemva kwesikhathi laselisitsho umbuso owaphiwa lelobizo.—Gen 29:35; 49:10; Heb 7:14.
UKhesari.
Lesi yisibongo senye imuli yamaRoma esacina sesilibizo lokuhlonipha lababusi baseRoma. EBhayibhilini abaqanjwa ngamabizo abo ngu-Agastu, loThibheriyu, loKlawudiyu. Lanxa uNero engaqanjwanga, ibizo leli liyasebenza lakuye. Ukuthi “Khesari” kuyasetshenziswa eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi nxa kukhulunywa ngababusayo kumbe ngohulumende.—Mak 12:17; ImiS 25:12.
UKhristu.
Ukuba khona.
Kweminye iMibhalo YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, amabala la asetshenziswa nxa kuchasiswa ukuba khona kukaJesu Khristu ebukhosini kusukela ngesikhathi ebekwa ezulwini ukuthi abe yiNkosi enguMesiya kuqhubeke kusiya phambili ezinsukwini zokucina zomumo lo wezinto. Ukuba khona kukaKhristu akusikho kubuya kwakhe nje abesebuyela masinyane, kodwa kuqhubeka okwesikhathi esithe xaxa.—Mat 24:3.
Ukubeka izandla.
Umuntu wayebekwa izandla nxa ephiwa umsebenzi oqakathekileyo, ebusiswa, ephiwa isipho somoya ongcwele kumbe nxa esiliswa.—Nan 27:18; ImiS 19:6; 1Ti 5:22.
Ukubhaxabula.
EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, ukubhaxabula kutsho ukutshaya kakhulu ngemvubu elamafindo kumbe izinto ezihlabayo ezibotshelwe ekucineni.—Joh 19:1.
Ukubhula; Indawo yokubhulela.
Ukubhula yikwehlukanisa amabele lamazimba kanye lamakhoba. Kwakubhulwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa ubhulo, kodwa nxa kwakubhulwa amabele amanengi kwakusetshenziswa amapulanka alamazinyo ensimbi ngaphansi kumbe inqola yokubhula. Konke lokhu kwakudonswa zinyamazana phezu kwamabele ayabe ethelwe endaweni yokubhulela eyayiyisigombolozi futhi izikhathi ezinengi indawo le yayisiba phezulu lapho okuyabe kulomoya khona.—Lev 26:5; Isy 41:15; Mat 3:12.
Ukugcoba.
NgesiHebheru ibala leli litsho “ukugcoba ngento engamanzi.” Amafutha ayegcotshwa umuntu kumbe olunye ulutho ukuze kukhanye ukuthi lowomuntu kumbe leyonto isinikelwe ukwenza inkonzo eqakathekileyo. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, ibala leli liyasetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngokuthululwa komoya ongcwele kulabo abakhethelwe ukuyaphila ezulwini.—Eks 28:41; 1Sa 16:13; Luk 4:18; ImiS 10:38; 2Kr 1:21.
Ukuhlamuka.
NgesiGrikhi ibala leli lithi a·po·sta·siʹa, futhi livela ebaleni eliyisenzo elitsho “ukumela khatshana lolutho.” Ibala leli lingatsho “ukutshiya, ukufulathela kumbe ukuvukela.” EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, ibala elithi “ukuhlamuka” lisetshenziswa ikakhulu nxa kukhulunywa ngalabo abaphambuka ekukhonzeni kweqiniso.—Zag 11:9; ImiS 21:21; 2Te 2:3.
Ukuhlanzeka; Ukuhlambuluka.
EBhayibhilini amabala la kawatsho ukuhlanzeka emzimbeni kuphela kodwa atsho lokugcina okuthile kungelasici kumbe ukukubuyisela kulesosimo kungelatshatha njalo kungelalutho olungcolisayo, olonakalisayo kumbe oluphambanisayo ekuziphatheni lasekukhonzeni. EMthethweni kaMosi amabala la atsho ukuba ngohlambulukileyo ngendlela etshiwo nguMthetho.—Lev 10:10; Hu 51:7; Mat 8:2; 1Kr 6:11.
Ukuhlupheka okukhulu.
Ibala lesiGrikhi elithi “ukuhlupheka” litsho ukukhathazeka kakhulu kumbe ukudubeka ngenxa yezinto ezikuthwalise nzima. UJesu wakhuluma ‘ngokuhlupheka okukhulu’ okwakungakaze kube khona okwakuzakwehlela iJerusalema, lalokho okuzakwehlela abantu bonke esikhathini esizayo nxa ‘esesiza lenkazimulo enkulu.’ (Mat 24:21, 29-31) UPhawuli wathi kulungile ukuthi uNkulunkulu alethe ukuhlupheka lokhu “kulabo abangamaziyo uNkulunkulu lakulabo abangazilaleliyo izindaba ezinhle” ezimayelana loJesu Khristu. ISambulo isahluko 19 sikhuluma ngoJesu ekhokhela amabutho asezulwini ukuthi ayekulwa ‘lesilo lamakhosi omhlaba elamabutho awo.’ (2Te 1:6-8; Sam 19:11-21) Sitshelwa lokuthi “ixuku elikhulu” lizasinda ekuhluphekeni lokho. (Sam 7:9, 14)—Khangela elithi I-AMAGEDONI.
Ukulila.
Le kwakuyindlela umuntu ayetshengisa ngayo ukuthi udabukile ngenxa yokufelwa loba ukwehlelwa ngumonakalo. Ngezikhathi zeBhayibhili, kwakujayelekile ukuthi umuntu alile okwesikhathi esithile. Abalilayo babeqhinqa isililo futhi babegqoka impahla zokulila, bathele umlotha emakhanda, badabule izembatho zabo futhi bazitshaye ezifubeni. Kwezinye izikhathi emingcwabeni kwakubizwa ababesenza umsebenzi wokulila ukuthi bazokhala.—Est 4:3; Mat 11:17; Mak 5:38; Joh 11:33; Sam 21:4.
Ukulunga.
Ukuphambuka; Isiphambeko.
Ukuphenduka.
EBhayibhilini ibala leli litsho ukuthi umuntu untshintsha ingqondo, ezisola ngenhliziyo yonke ngendlela abephila ngayo langezenzo ezimbi kumbe lokho ehluleke ukukwenza. Umuntu osephendukile okweqiniso ukhanya ngokuthela izithelo ezitshengisa ukuthi usentshintshe indlela abesenza ngayo.—Mat 3:8; ImiS 3:19; 2Pe 3:9.
Ukuphinga.
Ukuphinga yikuthi indoda kumbe inkosikazi etshadileyo iye emacansini lomuntu engatshadanga laye ingabanjwanga ngamandla.—Eks 20:14; Mat 5:27; 19:9.
Ukusebenzelana lemimoya.
Lokhu yikukholwa ukuthi umoya womuntu ofileyo uqhubeka uphila nxa umzimba usifa lokuthi abafileyo bayenelisa ukukhuluma labaphilayo njalo bayakwenza lokho, ikakhulu nxa kusetshenziswa umuntu oyisangoma osebenzelana labo. Ibala lesiGrikhi elihunyutshwa ngokuthi “ukusebenzelana lemimoya” ngelithi phar·ma·kiʹa, okutsho “ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.” Ibala leli lacina selisitsho ukusebenzelana lemimoya ngoba kudala kwakusetshenziswa izidakamizwa nxa kucelwa ukuthi amadimoni aphe umuntu amandla okwenza ubuthakathi.—Gal 5:20; Sam 21:8.
Ukusoka.
Lokhu yikusikwa kwejwabu laphambili lesitho sensitha sabesilisa. Ukusoka kwabekwa kwaba ngumthetho ku-Abrahama lezizukulwane zakhe kodwa kakuseyiwo mthetho kumaKhristu. Kwezinye izindawo eBhayibhilini ukusoka kumela okuthile.—Gen 17:10; 1Kr 7:19; Flp 3:3.
Ukuthwasa kwenyanga.
Leli kwakulilanga lokuqala lenyanga ngayinye kukhalenda yamaJuda lapho abantu ababebuthana khona besenza amadili njalo benikela imihlatshelo eqakathekileyo. Ngemva kwesikhathi, ilanga leli laba ngelomkhosi oqakathekileyo wesizwe lapho abantu ababengasebenzi khona.—Nan 10:10; 2Imi 8:13; Kol 2:16.
Ukuvuswa kwabafileyo.
Ibala lesiGrikhi elihunyutshwa ngokuthi ukuvuswa kwabafileyo ngelithi a·naʹsta·sis, okutsho “ukuphakamisa; ukusukuma.” EBhayibhilini kukhulunywa ngabantu abayisitshiyagalolunye abavuswa kwabafileyo, okugoqela lokuvuswa kukaJesu nguJehova uNkulunkulu. Lanxa abanye bavuswa ngu-Elija, lo-Elisha, loJesu, loPhetro kanye loPhawuli, kuyacaca ukuthi izimangaliso lezi zenziwa ngamandla kaNkulunkulu. Ukuvuswa ‘kwabalungileyo labangalunganga’ abazahlala emhlabeni kuqakathekile ekugcwalisekeni kwenjongo kaNkulunkulu. (ImiS 24:15) IBhayibhili likhuluma langokuvuswa kwabantu abazaphila ezulwini okubizwa ngokuthi ‘yikuvuswa kwabafileyo kwakuqala’ kumbe ‘okokuqala.’ Lokhu yikuvuswa kwabafowabo bakaJesu abagcotshwe ngomoya.—Flp 3:11; Sam 20:5, 6; Joh 5:28, 29; 11:25.
Ukuxhwala.
Ibala leli livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi a·selʹgei·a, elitsho izenzo ezimbi kakhulu ezephula imithetho kaNkulunkulu, ezitshengisa ukuthi umuntu uxhwalile futhi ulesibindi sokudelela. Ukuxhwala lokhu kutshengisa ukuthi kahloniphi ngitsho, loba ukuthi weyisa abakhokhelayo, lemithetho kanye lezimiso. Ibala leli kalitsho ukuphambanisa kancane nje.—Gal 5:19; 2Pe 2:7.
Ukuzila.
Ukuyekela ukudla okwesikhathi esithile. Ama-Israyeli ayezila ngeLanga Lokubuyisana, ngezikhathi ezinzima, langezikhathi ecela ukuthi uJehova awaqondise. AmaJuda ayezila kane ngomnyaka ukuze akhumbule izinto ezibuhlungu ezaziwehlele. Ukuzila akusimthetho kumaKhristu.—Ezr 8:21; Isy 58:6; Mat 4:2; 9:14; Luk 18:12; ImiS 13:2, 3; 27:9.
Ukuzinikela kuNkulunkulu.
Lokhu yikuhlonipha lokukhonza kanye lokusebenzela uJehova uNkulunkulu, uqotho kuye njengoba enguMbusi wendawo yonke.—1Ti 4:8; 2Ti 3:12.
Ukuziphatha okubi kwezemacansini.
Ibala leli livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi por·neiʹa, elitsho konke nje ukuya emacansini okungekho emthethweni, okugoqela ukuphinga, ukuthengisa umzimba, ukuya emacansini kwabantu abangatshadanga, ubutabane kanye lokulala lenyamazana. Liyasetshenziswa kuSambulo nxa kukhulunywa ngesifebe kwezokholo, esibizwa ngokuthi “yiBhabhiloni Enkulu.” Lapho kuyabe kuchasiswa indlela isifebe leso esizimanyanisa ngayo lababusi bomhlaba lo ukuze sithole amandla kanye lemali. (Sam 14:8; 17:2; 18:3; Mat 5:32; ImiS 15:29; Gal 5:19)—Khangela elithi ISIFEBE.
ULevi; UmLevi.
ULevi wayeyindodana kaJakhobe yesithathu ayizalelwa ngumkakhe uLeya, njalo kulesizwana esasibizwa ngebizo lakhe. Amadodana akhe amathathu yiwo asungula izigaba ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuthi yibuphristi bamaLevi. Kwezinye izikhathi ibizo elithi “Levi” litsho sonke isizwana kodwa izikhathi ezinengi imuli ka-Aroni yabaphristi iyabe ingabalwanga. Isizwana sakoLevi kasizange sabelwe indawo eLizweni Lesithembiso kodwa saphiwa amadolobho angu-48 phakathi kwezindawo ezazabelwe ezinye izizwana.—Dut 10:8; 1Imi 6:1; Heb 7:11.
Umbhali.
Lo kwakungumuntu owayekopa iMibhalo YesiHebheru eyibhala kwenye indawo. Ngesikhathi uJesu ebuya emhlabeni, ababhali basebeliqembu lamadoda ayeyizazi zoMthetho futhi babemphikisa.—Ezr 7:6; Mak 12:38, 39; 14:1.
UMbhalo; IMibhalo.
Le yimibhalo engcwele eliLizwi likaNkulunkulu elilotshiweyo. Amabala la atholakala eMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi kuphela.—Luk 24:27; 2Ti 3:16.
Umbonisi.
Le yindoda elomsebenzi wokukhangela lowokwelusa ibandla. Ibala lesiGrikhi elithi e·piʹsko·pos litsho ikakhulu ukuvikela labo abakhokhelwayo. Ibala elithi “umbonisi” lichaza umsebenzi ofanana lalowo ochazwa libala elithi “umdala” (pre·sbyʹte·ros). Elithi “umdala” litsho ukuthi obekiweyo ulezimpawu zomKhristu osethuthukile, elithi “umbonisi” lona ligcizelela imisebenzi okumele yenziwe ngulowomuntu.—ImiS 20:28; 1Ti 3:2-7; 1Pe 5:2.
Umbumbi.
UMbuso kaNkulunkulu.
La ngamabala asetshenziswa ikakhulu nxa kukhulunywa ngobukhosi bukaNkulunkulu obumelwa nguhulumende weNdodana yakhe, uKhristu uJesu.—Mat 12:28; Luk 4:43; 1Kr 15:50.
Umdala; Indoda endala.
Le yindoda esikhulile, kodwa eMibhalweni kuyabe kutshiwo ikakhulu indoda esesikhundleni futhi ekhokhelayo emphakathini kumbe esizweni. Ibala leli liyasetshenziswa kuSambulo nxa kukhulunywa ngezidalwa zasezulwini. Ibala lesiGrikhi elithi pre·sbyʹte·ros lihunyutshwa ngokuthi “umdala” nxa lisitsho labo abalomsebenzi wokukhokhela ebandleni.—Eks 4:29; Zag 31:23; 1Ti 5:17; Sam 4:4.
UMesiya.
Umgodi ongelamkhawulo.
Umgodla wesikhumba.
Lesi kwakuyisiphathelo esasisenziwa ngesikhumba senyamazana, kungaba ngesembuzi kumbe esemvu njalo sasisetshenziswa ukugcinela iwayini. Iwayini lalifakwa emigodleni emitsha ngenxa yokuthi nxa libila likhipha umoya okuthiwa yikhabhoni dayokisayidi (carbon dioxide) oyabe ulokhu ufuqa umgodla wesikhumba. Isikhumba esitsha siyananabuka kodwa esidala siyadabuka nxa silokhu sifuqwa ngumoya ophakathi.—Jos 9:4; Mat 9:17.
UmHebheru; IsiHebheru.
Ibala elithi umHebheru laqala ukusetshenziswa kukhulunywa ngo-Abrama (u-Abrahama) ukuze kukhanye umehluko phakathi kwakhe labomakhelwane bakhe ababengama-Amori. Ngemva kwalokho laselisitsho izizukulwane zika-Abrahama azithola ngomzukulu wakhe uJakhobe, futhi ulimi ababelukhuluma lwaluthiwa yisiHebheru. Ngesikhathi uJesu esemhlabeni, isiHebheru sasesilamabala amanengi ayengawesi-Aramayikhi njalo yiso esasikhulunywa nguKhristu labafundi bakhe.—Gen 14:13; Eks 5:3; ImiS 26:14.
Umhlatshelo.
Lo ngumnikelo umuntu ayewuletha kuNkulunkulu ukuze ambonge, avume isono sakhe futhi alungise ubudlelwano bakhe laye. Kusukela ku-Abela abantu babezikhethela ukunikela imihlatshelo eyehlukeneyo eyayigoqela lezinyamazana, kwaze kwaba yilapho isivumelwano soMthetho kaMosi sikwenza kube ngumthetho. UJesu esenikele ngokuphila kwakhe okwakungumhlatshelo opheleleyo, imihlatshelo yezinyamazana yayingasafuneki. Kodwa amaKhristu aqhubeka enikela imihlatshelo kuNkulunkulu ngokwenza izinto eziphathelane lokukhonza.—Gen 4:4; Heb 13:15, 16; 1Jo 4:10.
Umhlonyane.
Lezi yizihlahlakazana ezitshiyeneyo ezibaba gamu njalo ezilephunga elimnandi elinukelela kakhulu. ‘Umhlonyane’ okukhulunywa ngawo kuSambulo 8:11 utsho into ebabayo leyitshefu ebizwa langokuthi yi-absinthe.
UmJuda.
Lo kwakungumuntu wesizwana sakoJuda ngemva kokudilika kombuso wezizwana ezilitshumi zako-Israyeli. (2Am 16:6) AmaJuda athi esevela ekuthunjweni eBhabhiloni, laselisitsho ama-Israyeli ayengawezizwana ezehlukeneyo ayebuyele ko-Israyeli. (Ezr 4:12) Ngemva kwesikhathi laselisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukwehlukanisa ama-Israyeli labantu beZizweni. (Est 3:6) Umphostoli uPhawuli uyalisebenzisa ibala leli lapho ecacisa ukuthi ebandleni lamaKhristu kakuqakathekanga ukuthi umuntu uvela kusiphi isizwe.—Rom 2:28, 29; Gal 3:28.
UMkhosi Wamathabanikeli.
Wawubizwa langokuthi nguMkhosi Wezihonqo, kumbe uMkhosi Wokubutha. Wawusiba khona ngenyanga yamaHebheru u-Ethanimi, mhlaka 15 kusiya ku-21. Wawungowokuthakazelela isivuno ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokulima lesokuvuna kwama-Israyeli njalo kwakuyisikhathi sokuthokoza lesokubonga uJehova ngokubusisa izilimo zabo. Ngamalanga omkhosi lo, abantu babehlala ezihonqweni kumbe ezakhiweni ezilophahla kuphela ukuze bakhumbule ukuphuma kwabo eGibhithe. Wawungomunye wemikhosi emithathu amadoda okwakumele ayeyithakazelela eJerusalema.—Lev 23:34; Ezr 3:4; Joh 7:2.
UMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingelamvubelo.
Lo kwakungumkhosi wokuqala emikhosini emithathu emikhulu eyayisenziwa kanye ngomnyaka ko-Israyeli. Wawuqalisa ngoNisani 15 ngelanga elalilandela iPhasika, uqhubeke okwamalanga ayisikhombisa. Ngesikhathi sokukhumbula ukuphuma eGibhithe, kwakudliwa isinkwa esingelamvubelo kuphela.—Eks 23:15; Mak 14:1.
UMkhosi Wokunikela Ithempeli.
Leli kwakulilanga elalithakazelelwa minyaka yonke. Lalingelokukhumbula ukuhlanjululwa kwethempeli ngemva kokungcoliswa kwalo ngu-Antiochus Epiphanes. Umkhosi lo wawuqalisa mhlaka 25 Khisilevu njalo wawuthatha amalanga ayisitshiyagalombili.—Joh 10:22.
UmKhristu.
Leli libizo uNkulunkulu alipha abalandeli bakaJesu Khristu.—ImiS 11:26; 26:28.
Umlamuli.
Umlindi.
Lo ngumuntu owayevikela impahla kumbe abantu ukuthi bangavelelwa yingozi ikakhulu ebusuku. Wayesithi angabona ingozi isondela alimukise abanye. Abalindi babejayele ukuba phezu kwemiduli yedolobho kumbe emiphotshongweni ukuze babone abantu abeza edolobheni besesekhatshana. Lasebuthweni kwakulabalindi.—Mat 27:65; 28:4.
UMmeli Omkhulu.
UmNazaretha.
Leli libizo likaJesu elithathelwa edolobheni laseNazaretha ayevela kulo. Kukhanya lihambelana lebala lesiHebheru eliku-Isaya 11:1 elithi “ihlumela.” Abalandeli bakaJesu labo bacina sebebizwa ngokuthi ngamaNazaretha.—Mat 2:23; ImiS 24:5.
Umnikelo wesono.
Lo kwakungumhlatshelo owawusenziwa ngumuntu nxa ewonile ngenxa yesono azalwa elaso hatshi ngoba ehlosile. Kwakusetshenziswa imihlatshelo yezinyamazana ezitshiyeneyo, kusukela enkunzini kuze kuyefika enkwilimbeni, kusiya ngokuthi lowo owayefuna ukuthethelelwa isono wayelesikhundla siphi njalo esenelisa okunganani.—Lev 4:27, 29; Heb 10:8.
Umnikelo wokunathwayo.
Umnikelo wokutshiswa.
Lo ngumhlatshelo wenyamazana owawutshiswa e-alithareni unikelwe wonke kuNkulunkulu. Isikhonzi esasinikela sasingathathi lutho kuleyonyamazana (inkunzi, inqama, impongo, ijuba kumbe inkwilimba encane).—Eks 29:18; Lev 6:9; Mak 12:33; Heb 10:6.
UMoloki.
Lo kwakungunkulunkulu wama-Amoni. Kungenzeka ukuthi nguye obizwa langokuthi nguMalikhami loMilikhomu kanye loMoleki.—ImiS 7:43.
Umoya ongcwele.
La ngamandla kaNkulunkulu angabonakaliyo awasebenzisa ukwenza intando yakhe. Umoya lo ungcwele ngoba uvela kuJehova uNkulunkulu ohlanzekileyo njalo olungileyo ukwedlula loba ngubani. Ungcwele futhi ngenxa yokuthi uwusebenzisa ukwenza izinto ezingcwele.—Luk 1:35; ImiS 1:8.
Umoya.
Nxa kuhunyutshwa ibala lesiHebheru elithi ruʹach lelesiGrikhi elithi pneuʹma, kujayele ukusetshenziswa elithi “umoya” futhi amabala la atsho izinto ezehlukeneyo. Atsho lokho okungabonakaliyo emehlweni abantu njalo okukhanya ngamandla akho ukuthi kukhona. Amabala la esiHebheru lesiGrikhi asetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa (1) ngomoya ovunguzayo, (2) ngamandla okuphila asezidalweni ezisemhlabeni, (3) ngamandla avela enhliziyweni yomuntu abangela ukuthi atsho loba enze izinto ngendlela ethile, (4) ngamazwi aphefumulelweyo avela endaweni engabonakaliyo, (5) ngezidalwa zomoya (6) langamandla kaNkulunkulu asebenzayo kumbe umoya ongcwele.—Eks 35:21; Hu 104:29; Mat 12:43; Luk 11:13.
Umphefumulo.
Ibala leli lihunyutshwe kwelesiHebheru elithi neʹphesh lelesiGrikhi elithi psy·kheʹ. Nxa kuhlolisiswa indlela amabala la asetshenziswe ngayo eBhayibhilini, kuyacaca ukuthi atsho 1) abantu, (2) izinyamazana kumbe (3) ukuphila komuntu loba okwenyamazana. (Gen 1:20; 2:7; Nan 31:28; 1Pe 3:20, amabala angaphansi) Indlela iBhayibhili elisebenzisa ngayo ibala elithi neʹphesh lelithi psy·kheʹ itshiyene lendlela ibala elithi “umphefumulo” elisetshenziswa ngayo ezinkolweni ezinengi. EBhayibhilini amabala la asetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngezidalwa zasemhlabeni ezibambekayo lezibonakalayo futhi ezifayo. EBhayibhilini leli, amabala la esiHebheru lesiGrikhi ahunyutshwe kusiya ngokuthi atshoni evesini akuyo. Kusetshenziswe amabala anjengokuthi “ukuphila,” “isidalwa,” “umuntu,” kumbe isabizwana nje (njengokuthi “mina” kulokuthi kuthiwe “umphefumulo wami”). Izikhathi ezinengi emabaleni angaphansi kuba lebala elithi “umphefumulo.” Nxa kusetshenziswe elithi “umphefumulo” evesini loba emabaleni angaphansi, liyabe lisitsho okunye kwalokho okukhulunywe ngakho phezulu. Nxa kukhulunywa ngokwenza okuthile ngomphefumulo wonke, kuyabe kutshiwo ukukwenza ngakho konke okwakho, ngenhliziyo yonke kumbe ngokuphila kwakho konke. (Dut 6:5; Mat 22:37) Kweminye imibhalo, amabala la esiHebheru lesiGrikhi angatsho ukuthi isidalwa esiphilayo silesifiso loba sihalela ukudla. Angaphinda atsho umuntu ofileyo loba isidumbu.—Nan 6:6; Zag 23:2; Isy 56:11; Hag 2:13.
Umphikukhristu.
NgesiGrikhi ibala leli litsho izinto ezimbili. Litsho lokho okuphikisana loKhristu, liphinde litsho uKhristu wamanga, lowo osendaweni kaKhristu. Bonke abantu lezinhlanganiso kumbe amaqembu aqamba amanga esithi amela uKhristu kumbe esithi angoMesiya, kumbe aphikisana loKhristu kanye labafundi bakhe lawo angabizwa ngokuthi angabaphikukhristu.—1Jo 2:22.
Umphostoli.
Ibala leli litsho ukuthi “lowo othunyiweyo,” njalo lisetshenziswa kuJesu lakwabanye ababethunywa ukuthi bancede abanye. Lijayele ukusetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngabafundi uJesu azikhethela bona ukuthi babe liqembu labameli ababekiweyo abangu-12.—Mak 3:14; ImiS 14:14.
Umphristi.
Le yindoda eyayiphiwe umsebenzi wokumela uNkulunkulu ebantwini. Yayifundisa abantu ngoNkulunkulu langemithetho yakhe. Abaphristi babephinda bamele abantu kuNkulunkulu ngokunikela imihlatshelo langokubakhulumela kanye lokubancengela. UMthetho kaMosi ungakabi khona, inhloko yemuli yiyo eyayisiba ngumphristi wemuli yayo. EMthethweni kaMosi, bonke abesilisa abemuli ka-Aroni owayengowesizwana sakoLevi babengabaphristi. Wonke amanye amadoda angamaLevi ayebancedisa. Kwathi kusungulwa isivumelwano esitsha, u-Israyeli kaNkulunkulu waba yisizwe sabaphristi, uJesu Khristu yena waba nguMphristi Omkhulu.—Eks 28:41; Heb 9:24; Sam 5:10.
Umphristi okhokhelayo.
Leli ngelinye ibizo “lomphristi omkhulu” elisetshenziswa eMibhalweni YesiHebheru. EMibhalweni YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi, kukhanya “abaphristi abakhokhelayo” kwakungamadoda adumileyo ayengabaphristi, okwakungaba ngabaphristi abakhulu abagunyulwayo lezinhloko zamaqembu angu-24 abaphristi.—2Imi 26:20; Ezr 7:5; Mat 2:4; Mak 8:31.
Umphristi omkhulu.
EMthethweni kaMosi, lo kwakungumphristi owayelesikhundla esiphezulu kulabo bonke abaphristi. Wayemela abantu phambi kukaNkulunkulu njalo wayekhokhela abanye abaphristi. Nguye yedwa owayevunyelwa ukungena eNgcwele Ngcwele, okwakuyindawo eyayingaphakathi ethabanikeli. Ngemva kwesikhathi indawo le yaba sethempelini. Wayengena kuyo kanye ngomnyaka, mhla weLanga Lokubuyisana. UJesu Khristu laye ubizwa ngokuthi ‘ngumphristi omkhulu.’—Lev 16:2, 17; 21:10; Mat 26:3; Heb 4:14.
Umphroselithe.
Lo ngumuntu oguqukileyo. EMibhalweni, umphroselithe kwakungumuntu owamukele ukholo lwesiJuda njalo nxa wayengowesilisa kwakufanele asokwe.—Mat 23:15; ImiS 13:43, amabala angaphansi.
Umthenwa.
Le yindoda etheniweyo. Amadoda anjalo ayesebenza esigodlweni eyizinceku loba enakekela indlovukazi labafazi benkosi beceleni. Ibala leli litsho lendoda eyayingathenwanga kodwa eyayingumphathi osebenza esigodlweni senkosi. Liyasetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngomuntu ‘ongumthenwa ngenxa yoMbuso,’ lowo ozibambayo ukuze enze okunengi enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu.—Mat 19:12; Est 2:15; ImiS 8:27.
UMthetho kaMosi.
UMthetho.
Nxa ibala leli liqalisa ngo-M omkhulu, liyabe lisitsho uMthetho kaMosi kumbe amabhuku okuqala amahlanu aseBhayibhilini. Nxa u-M emncane, kungabe kutshiwo umthetho ngamunye oseMthethweni kaMosi loba isimiso somthetho.—Nan 15:16; Dut 4:8; Mat 7:12; Gal 3:24.
UmTopiya.
Lo ngumuntu odabuka eTopiya, ilizwe lakudala elaliseningizimu yeGibhithe. ITopiya yayigoqela indawo esemaphethelweni eningizimu yeGibhithe yakhathesi lengxenye esenyakatho yeSudan yakhathesi.—ImiS 8:27.
Umumo wezinto.
Ibala leli lihunyutshwe kwelesiGrikhi elithi ai·onʹ futhi litsho umumo okhona ngalesosikhathi kumbe izinto ezenzakala ngeminyaka ethile ezenza ukuthi isikhathi sangaleyominyaka sehlukaniswe lesinye. IBhayibhili likhuluma ‘ngomumo lo wezinto,’ okutsho umumo oyabe ukhona emhlabeni ngalesosikhathi kanye lendlela abantu bomhlaba abaphila ngayo. (2Ti 4:10) Kulomumo wezinto owasungulwa nguNkulunkulu esebenzisa isivumelwano soMthetho, lowo abanye abawubiza ngokuthi yisikhathi sama-Israyeli loba esamaJuda. Lapho enikela ngomhlatshelo wakhe wenhlawulo, uJesu Khristu wasetshenziswa nguNkulunkulu ukusungula umumo wezinto omutsha ogoqela lebandla lamaKhristu agcotshiweyo. Lesi kwaba yisiqalo sesikhathi esitsha sezinto ezazimelwa yisivumelwano soMthetho. Nxa ibala elithi “umumo wezinto” lisebunengini, liyabe lisitsho izikhathi ezitshiyeneyo ezake zaba khona kumbe ezizakuba khona.—Mat 24:3; Mak 4:19; Rom 12:2; 1Kr 10:11.
Umusa omkhulu.
NgesiGrikhi ibala leli litsho ikakhulu lokho okwamukelekayo lokuthokozisayo. Lijayele ukusetshenziswa nxa kukhulunywa ngesipho somusa kumbe ukupha ngendlela elomusa. Nxa kukhulunywa ngomusa omkhulu kaNkulunkulu, liyabe lichaza isipho samahala asipha ngesihle engakhangelelanga ukubhadalwa. Ngakho ibala leli litshengisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyaphana kakhulu lokuthi ulothando olukhulu futhi ulomusa ebantwini. Ibala lesiGrikhi elitsho “umusa omkhulu” lingahunyutshwa langokuthi “ukwamukelwa” kumbe “isipho somusa.” Isipho lesi siphiwa umuntu engasisebenzelanga njalo singamfanelanga; usithola ngenxa nje yokuthi lowo omnikayo uyaphana.—2Kr 6:1; Efe 1:7.
UNisani.
Ngemva kokuthunjwa kwamaJuda ngabaseBhabhiloni, leli kwaba libizo elitsha lenyanga yokuqala yamaJuda eyayibizwa ngokuthi ngu-Abhibhi eyayikukhalenda yawo engcwele, njalo kukhalenda yalamuhla yinyanga yesikhombisa. Yayiqalisela phakathi kukaMarch iyecina phakathi kuka-April. (Neh 2:1) IPhasika lamaJuda lalithakazelelwa ngoNisani 14 futhi uJesu Khristu wasungula isidlo seNkosi sakusihlwa ngalelolanga. (Luk 22:15, 19, 20) Wabulawa mhlalokho ngokubethelwa esigodweni sokuhlutshwa.—Luk 23:44-46.
Uphawu.
Le yinto eyayisetshenziswa ukudinda futhi izikhathi ezinengi yayidinda izinto ezazenziwe ngomdaka loba ngengcino. Yayitshengisa ukuthi ulutho ngolukabani, iqinisekise ukuthi into iliqiniso kumbe ivunyelwene, njalo yayinceda lokuthi izincwadi loba ezinye izinto ezifakwe uphawu njengeminyango lamathuna kuvikeleke. Uphawu lwakudala lwalwenziwe ngento eqinileyo (ngelitshe, ngophondo lwendlovu kumbe ngogodo) futhi ngaphansi lwalulamabala loba into edwetshiweyo. EMibhalweni uphawu kukhulunywa ngalo nxa kuchasiswa ukuthi okuthile kuliqiniso loba ukuthi kulomnikazi kumbe ukuthi kuyimfihlo loba akumelanga kubonakale.—Mat 27:66; Joh 6:27; Efe 1:13; Sam 5:1; 9:4.
Uphondo.
USathane.
Usibalukhulu wesabelo.
Lo kwakungusibalukhulu omkhulu owayebusa isabelo esasingaphansi kweSenethi yaseRoma. Wayelamandla okwahlulela lawokukhokhela amabutho. Lanxa izinto ayezenza zazihlolwa yiSenethi, kakho owayelamandla kulaye esabelweni sakhe.—ImiS 13:7; 18:12.
Usibalukhulu.
Ngezikhathi zeBhayibhili, osibalukhulu babelamandla okukhokhela amabutho lawokwahlulela, futhi babesiba leqiniso lokuthi izigaba kanye lezabelo ababezibusa ziyabhadala imithelo lezinye izimali eziya enkosini loba kuziphathamandla eziphezu kwabo. Embusweni weRoma, umbusi nguye owayekhangela okwakusenziwa ngosibalukhulu beJudiya.—Mat 10:18; Mak 13:9; Luk 21:12.
USuku Lokwahlulela.
Leli lilanga kumbe isikhathi esithile lapho amaqembu, izizwe kumbe abantu bonke nje abazathonisiswa khona nguNkulunkulu. Kungenzakala ukuthi lesi yisikhathi lapho okuzabulawa khona labo abazagwetshelwa ukufa, futhi ukwahlulela lokhu kunganika abanye ithuba lokuthi basinde njalo bathole ukuphila okungapheliyo. UJesu Khristu labaphostoli bakhe batshengisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esizayo kuzakuba ‘loSuku Lokwahlulela’ olungasoze lube ngolwabaphilayo kuphela kodwa lolwalabo abafa kudala.—Mat 12:36.
UYufrathe.
Lo ngumfula owawuqakatheke kulayo yonke eyayiseningizimu ntshonalanga ye-Asiya futhi wawumude kulayo yonke. Ngomunye wemifula emibili emikhulu yaseMesophothamiya. Kukhulunywa ngawo okokuqala kuGenesisi 2:14 njalo ngomunye wemifula emine eyayise-Edeni. Wawungumngcele osenyakatho welizwe elaliphiwe ama-Israyeli.—Gen 15:18; Sam 9:14; 16:12.
UZewusi.
Lo ngunkulunkulu owayemkhulu kulabo bonke onkulunkulu abanengi ababekhonzwa ngamaGrikhi. EListra abantu baphambanisa bacabanga ukuthi uBhanabha wayenguZewusi. Kulemibhalo yendulo eyatholakala eduze leListra ekhuluma “ngabaphristi bakaZewusi” “langoZewusi unkulunkulu welanga.” Umkhumbi owagadwa nguPhawuli esuka esihlengeni saseMalitha wawulezithombe ezimbili “zamadodana kaZewusi” ayengamaphahla, uCastor loPollux.—ImiS 14:12; 28:11.