Ana Opanda Kokhala—Kodi Ndani Ali ndi Liŵongo?

Ndi mlembi wa Galamukani! mu Brazil

USIKU wina Francisco atenga mkazi wake ndi ana kupita ku nyumba yodyeramo yakumaloko. Ku malo oimika magalimoto, mnyamata wovala nsanza adzipereka kudikirira galimoto ya Francisco pamene banjalo likusangalala ndi chakudya. Pamene Francisco ndi banja lake achoka m’chipinda chodyeramocho, mnyamatayo mofunitsitsa atambasula dzanja lake kuti alandire makobiri ochepera kaamba ka utumiki wake. Mkati mwa usiku m’makwalala a mzindawo, ana ena onga iye alimbirana kuti apeze ndalama za kakhalidwe. Iwo sali otanganitsidwa kuti achoke, popeza kuti khwalalalo ndilo nyumba yawo.

ANA opanda kokhala akuwonedwa kukhala otembereredwa m’chitaganya ndipo akudziŵika kukhala “ana opanda mwini” kapena “ana otayidwa.” Chiŵerengero chawo nchachikulu ndipo chochititsa mantha—mwinamwake 40 miliyoni. Ngakhale ndi tero, chiŵerengero chenicheni nchovuta kupeza. Komabe, mwatsoka, akatswiri onse akuvomereza kuti vutolo likuwonjezeka dziko lonse, makamaka mu Latin America. Kuwona ana opanda kokhala akuwunjikana pa makomo kapena kupempha ndalama nkochititsa chifundo ngakhale kuti chitaganya chimawawona kukhala chiŵerengero chonyalanyazidwa pa ndandanda ya ovulala, kuwakana, ndi kusawacheukira. Koma chitaganya sichingapitirize kuchita tero. Mogwirizana ndi UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund), 60 peresenti ya opanda kokhala a zaka za pakati pa 8 ndi 17 amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zoyambukira maganizo, 40 peresenti amagwiritsira ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa, 16 peresenti ali omwerekera ndi mankhwala ogodomalitsa, ndipo 92 peresenti amagwiritsira ntchito fodya. Ndipo popeza kuti iwo alibe maluso othandiza, kaŵirikaŵiri amapulumuka mwa kupempha, kuba, kapena dama. Pokula monga “ana opanda mwini,” iwo ali m’ngozi ya kukhala opanda lamulo, ndipo opanda lamulo ali chiwopsyezo ku chitaganya chirichonse.

Nyuzipepala ya ku Brazil O Estado de São Paulo inasimba ponena za gulu la ana opanda kokhala kuti: “Iwo alibe banja, achibale, ndipo alibe chiyembekezo kaamba ka mtsogolo. Iwo amakhala tsiku lirilonse ngati kuti linali lomalizira. . . . Anawo . . . samataya nthaŵi iriyonse: M’timphindi, iwo amatenga koloko ya pamkono ya wa zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 19, kuchotsa unyolo m’khosi la mkazi, kuwukira thumba la mwamuna wachikulire. Ndipo samatayanso nthaŵi kuthawa ndi kubisala m’gulu. . . . Unansi wa kugonana umayamba pa msinkhu wauchichepere kwenikweni pakati pa . . . achichepere. Asungwana a zaka zakubadwa khumi ndi chimodzi ndi anyamata a zaka 12 zakubadwa amabwera pamodzi ndi kuthetsa ubwenziwo m’mwezi umodzi kapena iŵiri, mopepuka monga mmene anayambira.”

Chifukwa Chimene Amakhalira M’makwalala

Kuthandiza ana opanda kokhala sikuli kopepuka. Ripoti lina linasonyeza kuti 30 peresenti ya ana a m’khwalala anali ndi mantha kotero kuti anakana kupatsa olamulira chidziŵitso chirichonse ponena za chiyambi chawo, osati ngakhale maina awo. Koma kodi nchifukwa ninji amakhala m’makwalala? Kodi chingakhale chikhumbo cha kukhala omasuka? Mmenemu ndi mmene zinaliri ndi wachichepere wa ku Brazil amene ananena kuti sakapitanso kunyumba chifukwa chakuti bambo wake anakana kumuleka kuchita zimene anali kufuna. Komabe, mogwirizana ndi nyuzipepala ya ku Mexico El Universal, chifukwa chenicheni chimene pakhalira chiŵerengero chachikulu cha ana a m’khwalala chiri kukanidwa ndi atate awo. Chotero, kusweka kwa ukwati kuyenera kupatsidwa liŵongo kukhala chochititsa chachikulu cha kukwera kwa chiŵerengero cha ana a m’makwalala.

Kuwonjezerapo, makolo ena alibe thayo m’kusamalira ana awo, kuwamenya, kuwaipsya mwa kugonana, kuwapitikitsira kunja, kapena kungowanyalanyaza. Monga chotulukapo, mwana woipsyidwayo kapena wonyalanyazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri amadzimva kuti chikakhala bwino kukhala yekha, ngakhale mukhale m’makwalala.

Komabe, ana amafunikira chisamaliro chachikondi ndi chitsogozo. Izi zinalongosoledwa bwino ndi James Grant, nduna yaikulu ya UNICEF. Atagwidwa mawu mu nyuzipepala ya Latin America Daily Post yokhala ndi mutu wakuti “Kids and Tomorrow,” (Achichepere ndi Mtsogolo Mwawo) iye akulongosola kuti: “Pofika msinkhu wa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, 90 peresenti ya maselo a ubongo wa munthu amakhala atagwirizana kale ndipo kukula kwakuthupi kumakhala kutafika pa mlingo umene dongosolo limakhazikitsidwa kaamba ka moyo wonse wa munthuyo. Chotero zaka zoyambirira zimenezo zimafuna chinjirizo, ponse paŵiri kuteteza kuyenera kwa mwanayo kwa kukula ku kuthekera kwake kwenikweni ndi kuikiza m’kukula kwa anthu kotero kuti iwo angathandizire mokulira ku ubwino wa mabanja awo ndi mitundu yawo.”

Chotero, openyerera amadera nkhaŵa, kupatsa liŵongo chuma, maboma, kapena anthu aunyinji chifukwa cha ana opanda kokhala. Nyuzipepala imodzimodziyo ikupitiriza kuti: “Palibe umunthu kapena nkhani ya zachuma mu nkhani ya ‘kuikiza mwa ana’ imene yapanga chipambano. . . .  ‘Kuwongolera zachuma’ kaŵirikaŵiri kwatanthauza kuchepetsa zoperekedwa za chakudya ndi zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku . . . . Pokhala pamwamba pa kukwera kwa kusoŵa ntchito ndi kuchepa kwa malipiro, kuchepetsa koteroko kwatanthauza kuti thayo lalikulu la kupereka zofunika laperekedwa kwa awo amene ali osakhoza kulinyamula—mabanja aumphaŵi koposa ndi ana awo.”

Mosakaikira, chuma chosakhazikika m’maiko ambiri chiri chifukwa china cha chiŵerengero chomakulakula cha ana a m’khwalala. Makolo adzakakamiza ana awo kukapeza ndalama zirizonse zimene angakhoze m’makwalala, mulimonse mmene angachitire. Ngakhale kuli tero, kodi nchifukwa ninji chiri chovuta kuthetsa vuto la ana opanda kokhala?