Mutu 5

Kodi Chinthu Ichi Chochedwa “Moyo” n’Chiani?

KODI inu n’chiani? Kodi inu, kweni-kweni, muli anthu awiri m’chimodzi—thupi la munthu lokhala ndi ubongo, mtima, maso, makutu, lirime ndi zina zotero, koma’nso wokhala m’kati mwanu ndi munthu wauzimu wosaoneka wolekana kotheratu ndi ziwalo zanu zakuthupi ndi amene akuchedwa “moyo”? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi n’chiani chimene chimachitika pamene mufa? Kodi thupi lanu lokha ndiro limene limafa, pamene moyo umapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo? Kodi mungadziwe motsimikizirika motani?

Pafupi-fupi zipembedzo zonse zimaphunzitsa kuti, kwa anthu, imfa siri mapeto a kukhalako konse. Zimene’zi ziri choncho, osati kokha m’maiko ochedwa Achikristu a ku North ndi South America, Yuropu ndi Australia, koma’nso m’maiko osakhala Achikristu a Asia ndi Afirika. Bukhu lochedwa Funeral Customs the World Over limati: “Anthu a mikhalidwe yosiana-siyana amakhulupirira kuti pa imfa kanthu kena kamene kamatuluka m’thupi kali ndi moyo wopitirizabe.”

Kukhulupirira kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo kuli kwakukulu kwambiri pakati pa zipembedzo zosakhala Zachikristu. Mwa chitsanzo, bukhu Lachihindu lowerengeredwa kopambana, The Bhagavad Gita, limachula moyo motsimikizirika kukhala wosafa. Limapereka chimene’chi monga cholungamitsira kupha m’nkhondo, kuti:

“Matupi amene’wa amatha

Kukulengezedwa, ponena za (moyo) wamuyaya wobvekedwa thupi,

Umene uli wosaonongeka ndi wopanda mapeto.

Chifukwa cha chimene’cho menya nkhondo, mwana wa Bharata!

Amene amam’khulupirira kukhala wakupha munthu,

Ndi amene amam’lingalira kukhala wophedwa,

Onse’wa sazindikira:

Iye amene samapha, sanaphedwa.

Iye sanabadwe, ndipo samafa konse;

Kapena, pokhala atakhalako, iye sadzafan’so.

Wosabadwa, wamuyaya, wosatha, wakale-kale amene’yu

Iye samaphedwa pamene thupi liphedwa.”

—The Bhagavad Gita, II, 18-20.

Koma kodi n’chiani chimene chiri moyo umene ukunenedwa pano? Ngakhale kuli kwakuti okhulupirira kwambiri kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo wa munthu, Ahindu amalongosola mkhalidwe wake m’mau osamveka bwino. Bukhu lakuti Hinduism, lolembedwa ndi Swami Vivekananda limati:

“Mhindu amakhulupirira kuti moyo uli wonse uli nkhokwe imene mimba yake iri yopanda mapeto, ngakhale kuli kwakuti pakati pake pamakhala m’thupi; ndi kuti imfa imangotanthauza kusintha kwa pakati pamene’pa kuchokera ku thupi iri kumka ku lina. Ndipo’nso sumamangidwa ndi mikhalidwe ya thupi. Mu mkhalidwe wake weni-weni, uli waufulu, wasamangika, woyera, wosadetsedwa, ndi wangwiro. Koma mwa njira ina umadzipeza utamangika ndi thupi, ndipo umaganizira kukhala thupi.”

Pamenepa, kodi n’chiani chimene chiri chikhulupiriro chofala, pakati pa ziwalo za machalichi a Chikristu cha Dziko? Profesala Cullmann (Wophunzitsa Zaumulungu wa pa Yunivesite ya Basel ndi wa pa Sorbonne m’Paris) akulongosola kuti:

“Ngati tikanati tifunse Mkristu wamba lero lino (kaya Wachiprotesitanti kapena Wachikatolika wophunzira kwambiri kapena ai) chimene iye anachilingalira kukhala chiphunzitso cha Chipangano Chatsopano chonena za choikidwiratu cha munthu pambuyo pa imfa, kusiyapo owerengeka chabe tikanapeza yankho lakuti: ‘Kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo.’”

Pamene zifunsidwa ponena za mkhalidwe wa “moyo,” ziwalo za machalichi a Chikristu cha Dziko, nazo’nso, zimayankha m’mau osamveka bwino ndi obisika. Izo ziribe lingaliro lomvekera bwino kwambiri lonena za moyo wosakhoza kufa mofanana ndi ziwalo za zipembedzo zosakhala Zachikristu. Zimen’zi zimachititsa funso lakuti, Kodi Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti moyo uli mbali yosakhoza kufa ya munthu?

KODI MOYO ULI WOSAKHOZA KUFA?

M’Baibulo liu’lo “moyo” limapezeka m’matembenuzidwe ambiri kukhala lotembenuza liu Lachihebri neʹphesh ndi liu Lachigriki psy·kheʹ. (Onani, mwa chitsanzo, Ezekieli 18:4 ndi Mateyu 10:28 mu Authorized Version, New English Bible, Revised Standard Version ndi Douay Version.) Mau Achihebri ndi Achigriki amodzi-modzi’wa atembenuzidwa’nso kukhala “chamoyo,” “cholengedwa” ndi “munthu.” Mosasamala kanthu zakuti kaya Baibulo lanu mogwirizana limatembenuza mau a chinenero choyambirira’wo kukhala “moyo” (monga momwe limachitira la New World Translation), kupenda malemba amene ali ndi mau’wo neʹphesh ndi psy·kheʹ kudzakuthandizani kuona chimene mau amene’wa anatanthauza kwa anthu a Mulungu akale. Motero mungathe kudzitsimikizirira mkhalidwe weni-weni wa moyo.

Polongosola kulengedwa kwa mwamuna woyamba, Adamu, bukhu loyamba la Baibulo limanena kuti: “Yehova Mulungu anaumba munthu ndi dothi lapansi, nauzira mpweya wa moyo m’mphuno mwake; munthu’yo nakhala wamoyo [ne’phesh].” (Genesis 2:7) Tingaone kuti Baibulo silimanena kuti ‘munthu analandira moyo, koma kuti “munthu’yo anakhala wamoyo.”

Kodi chiphunzitso Chachikristu cha m’zaka za zana loyamba chimasiyana ndi lingaliro la “moyo” limene’li? Ai. M’chimene mofala chimachedwa “Chipangano Chatsopano,” mau onena za kulengedwa kwa Adamu akugwidwa mau kukhala oona: “Kwalembedwa’di kuti: ‘Munthu woyamba’yo Adamu anakhala wamoyo.’” (1 Akorinto 15:45, NW) M’chinenero choyambirira cha lemba limene’li liu lotanthauza “moyo,” psykhe’, limapezeka. Chifukwa cha chimene’cho m’lemba limene’li liu Lachigriki’lo mofanana ndi liu Lachihebri’lo ne’phesh, limasonyeza, osati mzimu wina wosaoneka wokhala mwa munthu, koma munthu iye mwiniyo. Pamenepa, moyenerera, otembenuza Baibulo ena asankha kugwiritsira ntchito mau onga ngati chamoyo,” “cholengedwa” ndi “munthu” m’matembenuzidwe ao a Genesis 2:7 ndi 1 Akorinto 15:45.—New English Bible, Young’s Literal Translation, Revised Standard Version; yerekezani ndi The Bible in Living English, limene limagwiritsira ntchito “munthu” pa Genesis 2:7 koma “moyo” pa 1 Akorinto 15:45.

Kuli’nso koyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mau’wo neʹphesh ndi psy·kheʹamagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinyama. Ponena za kulengedwa kwa zolengedwa za m’nyanja ndi za pamtunda, Baibulo limati: “Anati Mulungu, Madzi abale zochuluka zamoyo zoyenda-yenda [“zolengedwa,” New English Bible], ndi mbalame ziuluke pamwamba pa dziko lapansi . . . Mulungu ndipo adalenga zinsomba zazikulu ndi zoyenda-yenda zamoyo . . . Dziko lapansi libale zamoyo monga mitundu yao, ng’ombe, ndi zokwawa, ndi zinyama za dziko lapansi monga mwa mitundu yao.’”—Genesis 1:20-24.

Kuchula zinyama kotero’ko kukhala miyoyo sikuli kwa bukhu loyambirira lokha la Baibulo. Kuyambira ku bukhu loyambirira la Malemba Oyera kufikira ku bukhu lotsirizira leni-leni, zinyama zimapitirizabe kuchedwa miyoyo. Kwalembedwa kuti: “Mupatule mwa amuna a nkhondo amene anapita ku nkhondo moyo [ne’phesh] umodzi mwa mazana asanu, a anthu ndi a ng’ombe ndi a abulu ndi a nkhosa.” (Numeri 31:28, NW) “Wolungama asamalira moyo [ne’phesh] wa choweta chake.” (Miyambo 12:10) “Zamoyo [psy khe’] zonse za m’nyanja zidafa.”—Chivumbulutso 16:3.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa liu’lo “moyo” ku zinyama kuli koyenera kwambiri. N’kogwirizana ndi chimene chikulingaliridwa kukhala tanthauzo lalikulu la liu Lachihebri’lo ne’phesh. Liu limene’li likuzindikiridwa kukhala likutengedwa ku magwero otanthauza “kupuma.” Chifukwa cha chimene’cho, m’lingaliro leni-leni, chamoyo ndicho “chopuma,” ndipo zinyama ziri’di zopuma. Izo ziri zolengedwa zamoyo ndi zopuma.

Ponena za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anthu, mau’wo neʹphesh ndi psy khe’ akugwiritsiridwa ntchito mobwereza-bwereza m’njira yotanthauza munthu wathunthu. Timawerenga m’Baibulo kuti moyo wa munthu wabadwa. (Genesis 46:18) Ungathe kudya kapena kusala kudya. (Levitiko 7:20; Salmo 35:13) Ungathe kulira ndi kukomoka. (Yeremiya 13:17; Yona 2:7) Moyo ungathe kulumbira, kulakalaka zinthu ndi kuchita mantha. (Levitiko 5:4; Deateronomo 12:20; Machitidwe 2:43) Munthu angathe kufwamba moyo. (Deuteronomo 24:7) Moyo ungathamangitsidwe ndi kumangidwa unyolo. (Salmo 7:5; 105:18) Kodi zimene’zi si mtundu wa zinthu zochitidwa ndi anthu kapena kwa anthu a thupi? Kodi ndime zimene’zo za Malemba sizimatsimikizira bwino lomwe kuti moyo wa munthu ndiwo munthu wathunthu’yo?

Ophunzira Baibulo ochuluka a m’zaka za zana la makumi awiri, Achikatolika, Achiprotesitanti ndi Achiyunda, achititsidwa kufika pa kunena kumene’ku. Taonani mau ao:

“Vesi lochuka m’Genesis [2:7] silimanena, monga momwe kumalingaliridwira kawiri-kawiri, kuti munthu wapangika ndi thupi ndi moyo; limanena kuti Yahweh anaumba munthu, dothi lochokera pansi, ndiyeno anapitiriza kukhalitsa moyo thupi lopanda moyo’lo ndi mpweya wamoyo wopemereredwa m’mphuno mwake, kotero kuti munthu’yo anakhala chamoyo, chimene chiri chokha chimene nephesh [moyo] amatanthauza panopo.”—H. Wheeler Robinson wa pa Regent’s Park College, London, mu Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (Magazini a Sayansi ya Chipangano Chakale), Vol. 41 (1923).

“Munthu sayenera kulingaliridwa kukhala ali ndi moyo: iye ndiye moyo’wo.”—E. F. Kevan, Principal wa London Bible College, mu The New Bible Commentary (1965), 2d ed., p. 78.

“Moyo m’Chipangano Chakale sumatanthauza mbali ya munthu, koma munthu wathunthu—munthu monga chamoyo. Momwemo, m’Chipangano Chatsopano umatanthauza moyo waumunthu: moyo wa munthu, munthu wozindikira.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Vol. 13, p 467.

“Baibulo silimanena kuti ife tiri ndi moyo. ‘Nefesh’ ndiye munthu mwini’yo, kufunikira kwake chakudya, mwazi weni-weni’wo m’mitsempha yake, kukhalapo kwake.”—Dr. H. M. Orlinsky wa pa Hebrew Union College, wogwidwa mau mu New York Times, October 12, 1962.

Kodi kumaonekera kukhala kodabwitsa kwa inu kuti ophunzira a zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo zosiyana-siyana tsopano akunena kuti moyo ndi munthu mwiniyo? Kodi zimene’zi ndizo zimene mwaphunzitsidwa? Kapena, kodi mwaphunzitsidwa kuti moyo ndiwo mbali yosakhoza kufa ya munthu? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi ndi chiyambukiro chotani chimene chiphunzitso chimene’chi chinali nacho pa inu? Kodi chakusonkhezerani kuonongera zifuno zachipembedzo ndalama zimene mwina mwake mukanazigwiritsira ntchito kaamba ka zofunika za moyo? Kodi kungakhale kwakuti chalichi chanu chakhala chosaona mtima m’chiphunzitso chake? Kodi ndani amene ali wolondola—chalichi kapena ophunzira ake?

Ngati ophunzira’wo ali olondola m’kunena kuti moyo wa munthu ndiwo munthu wathunthu, kuphatikizapo thupi lake lanyama, tiyenera kuyembekezera Baibulo kuchula moyo kukhala wokhoza kufa. Kodi limatero? Inde. Baibulo limanena za ‘kusalekerera’ ‘kulanditsa’ ndi ‘kupulumutsa’ neʹphesh kapena moyo ku imfa. (Salmo 78:50; 116:8; Yakobo 5:20) Timawerenga’nso kuti: “Tiyeni tisaphe moyo wake.” (Genesis 37:21, NW) “Wakupha munthu amene apha moyo mwangozi ayenera kuthawirako.” (Numeri 35:11, NW) “Moyo wao udzafa mu ubwana.” (Yobu 36:14, NW) “Moyo wochimwa’wo ndiwo udzafa.”—Ezekiel 18:4, 20.

Koma kodi n’kothekera kuti mwina mwake m’maumboni a Malemba owerengeka mau achinenero choyambirira osamuliridwa kukhala “moyo” amatanthauza kanthu kena kamene kamatuluka m’thupi pa imfa ndipo kali kosakhoza kufa? Bwanji malemba onga ngati otsatirapo’wa? “Pakutsirizika iye (soul), pakuti anamwalira, anamucha dzina lake Benoni.” (Genesis 35:18) “Mulungu wanga, ndikupemphani, ubwerere moyo wake wa mwana’yu m’chifukwa mwake.” (1 Mafumu 17:21) “Musachite phokoso, pakuti moyo wake ulipo.” (Machitidwe 20:10) Kodi ndime zimene’zi sizimasonyeza kuti moyo uli kanthu kena kamena kamakhala kokha popanda thupi?

Lemba la Yobu 33:22, NW lolembedwa mu mkhalidwe wa ndakatulo, limapereka mfungulo yozindikirira ndime zimene’zi. Pamene’po “moyo” (soul) ndi “mphamvu ya moyo” (life) zikuikidwa mofanana, kotero kuti mau awiri’wo akatha kusinthanitsidwa popanda kusintha lingaliro la ndime’yo. Timawerenga kuti: “Moyo wake ukuyandikira ku dzenje, ndi mphamvu yake ya moyo kwa awo ochititsa imfa.” Mwa kufanana kumene’ku tingathe kuona kuti liu’lo “moyo” (soul) lingatanthauze mphamvu ya moyo (life) monga munthu ndipo, chifukwa cha chimene’cho, kuchoka kwa moyo (soul) kungazindikiridwe kukhala kukunena kutha kwa mphamvu ya moyo (life) monga munthu.

Kuti tilongosole mwa fanizo: Munthu wina anganene kuti galu wake ‘wataya moyo (life) wake’ pamene anapondedwa ndi galimoto. Kodi iye akutanthauza kuti moyo (life) wa chifuyo chimene’chi unasiya thupi nupitirizabe kukhalako? Ai, iye akungogwiritsira ntchito mau okuluwika osonyeza kuti chifuyo’cho chinafa. N’chimodzi-modzi’nso pamene timanena za munthu kukhala ‘akutaya moyo (life) wake.’ Sitimatanthauza kuti moyo (life) wake umakhala pawokha popanda thupi. Mofananamo, ‘kutaya moyo (soul) wanu’ kumatanthauza ‘kutaya mphamvu yanu ya moyo (life) monga (soul)’ ndipo sikumakhala ndi tanthauzo liri lonse la kupitirizabe kukhalako pambuyo pa imfa. Pozindikira zimene’zi, The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible imalongosola kuti:

“Kuchoka’ kwa neʹphesh [moyo] kuyenera kuonedwa monga mau okuluwika, pakuti sumapitirizabe kukhala popanda thupi, koma umafera nalo kumodzi (Numeri 31:19; Oweruza 16:30; Ezekieli 13:19). Palibe lemba la Baibulo limene limabvomereza mau akuti ‘moyo’ umasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi pa nthawi ya imfa.”

MAGWERO A CHIKHULUPIRIRO’CHO

Umboni Wamalemba uli womveka bwino mosalakwika kuti munthu alibe moyo wosakhoza kufa koma iye mwini ndiye moyo’wo. Pamenepa, kodi ndi motani m’mene, chikhulupiriro chimene’chi chonena za kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo chinalowera m’ziphunzitso za machalichi a Chikristu cha Dziko? Lero lino kukubvomerezedwa mosabisa kuti zimene’zi zachitika mwa chisonkhezero cha nthathi yachikunja Yachigriki. Profesala Douglas T. Holden m’bukhu lake lakuti Death Shall Have No Dominion akulemba kuti:

“Chiphunzitso Chachikristu chakhala chosakanizika kwambiri ndi nthanthi Yachigriki kwakuti chatulutsa anthu amene ali nsanganizo wa zigawo zisanu ndi zinai lingaliro Lachigriki ndi chigawo chimodzi lingaliro Lachikristu.”

Magazini Achikatolika ochedwa Commonweal, m’kope lake la January 15, 1971, anabvomereza kuti lingaliro la kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo linali lingaliro limene “Ayuda aposachedwapa ndi Akristu oyambirira analitenga ku Atene.”

Kodi ndani amene wachititsa kusanganizidwa kumene’ku kwa lingaliro Lachigriki ndi Lachikristu? Kodi sindiwo atsogoleri achipembedzo? Ndithudi ziwalo za chalichi pa izo zokha sizinatulutse chiphunzitso chimene’chi, chimene ophunzira Baibulo tsopano poyera amachibvomereza kukhala chosagwirizana ndi malemba.

Koma kodi Agriki akale’wo anapeza kuti maziko ao achipembedzo akulu? Monga momwe kwasonyezedwera kale, pali umboni wamphamvu wakuti malingaliro achipembedzo a Agriki ndi mitundu ina anasonkhezeredwa ndi Ababulo. Ndipo ponena za zikhulupiriro Zachibabulo zonena za moyo onani zimene The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia imanena:

“Pambuyo pa imfa miyoyo ya anthu inalingaliridwa kukhala ikupitirizabe kukhalako. . . . Ababulo. . . anaika nthawi zonse limodzi ndi wakufa zinthu zimene zikagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’moyo wake wam’tsogolo. . . . M’Dziko la m’tsogolo mumaonekera kukhala muli kusiyana kupangidwa pakati pa akufa. Awo amene anafa m’nkhondo amawonekera kukhala anali ndi chiyanjo chapadera. Iwo analandira madzi ozizira kuti amwe, pamene awo amene analibe ana oti aike nsembe pa manda ao anabvutika ndi ululu ndi zosowa zambiri.”

Chotero Agriki angakhale atapeza mosabvuta malingaliro ao akulu onena za kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo kuchokera ku Babulo, malingaliro amene kenako anakulitsidwa ndi anthanthi Achigriki.

Kanthu kena kofananako kakuonekera kukhala katachitika mogwirizana ndi zipembedzo zosakhala Zachikristu zimene zikalipobe lero lino. Mwa chitsanzo, kuyerekezeredwa kwa kutsungula kwa kale kwa Iudus Valley, kumene Chihindu chiri chipembedzo chachikulu, ndi kuja kwa Mesapotamiya kumabvumbula zofanana zapadera. Zimene’zi zimaphatikizamo nyumba zofanana ndi mapulatifomu a akachisi achipembedzo a ku Mesapotamiya ndi zizindikiro zojambulidwa zokhala ndi kufanana kwambiri ndi mipangidwe yakale ya Mesapotamiya. Pa maziko a kufufuza kwake katswiri wochuka wophunzira za Asuri Samueli N. Kramer ananena kuti Indus Valley (Chigwa cha Indus) chinakhalidwa ndi anthu amene anathawa ku Mesapotamiya pamene Ababulo akale anatenga ulamuliro wa chigawo’cho. Pamenepo, si kobvuta kuzindikira, kumene chihindu chinapeza chikhulupiriro chake cha moyo wosafa.

Motero umboni ukusonya ku Babulo kukhala magwero akale kopambana kumene chikhulupiriro cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo wa munthu chinayambira kumka ku malekezero a dziko lapansi. Ndipo kumene’ko ku Babulo, malinga ndi kunena kwa Babulo, kupandukira Mulungu kunachitika. Mwa icho chokha chimene’cho chikakhala chifukwa chokwanira choonera chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo mosakaikira. Koma musaiwale kuti, monga momwe taonera kale, chiphunzitso chimene’chi chiri’nso choombana mwachindunji ndi Baibulo.

Ndipo’nso, kodi lingaliro lakuti moyo uli wosakhoza kufa siliri losemphana ndi zimene inu mwininu mwaziona? Mwa chitsanzo, kodi n’chiani chimene chimachitika pamene munthu wakomoledwa, akomoka, kapena wakomoledwa ndi mankhwala okomola ku chipatala? Ngati “moyo” wake” uli’di kanthu kena kosiyana ndi thupi ndipo uli wokhoza kugwira ntchito mwanzeru popanda thupi, kotero kuti ngakhala imfa yeni-yeni’yo simayambukira kukhalako kwake ndi ntchito zake, kodi n’chifukwa ninji kuli kwakuti m’kati nwa nthawi ya kukomoka’yo munthu’yo amakhala wosadziwa kotheratu zochitika zonse pamalopo? Kodi n’chifukwa ninji kuli kwakuti iye ayenera kuuzidwa pambuyo pake zimene zinachitika m’kati mwa nthawi imene’yo? Ngati “moyo” wake ungathe kuona, kumva, kukhudza ndi kuganiza pambuyo pa imfa, monga momwe zipembedzo zimaphunzitsira mofala, kodi n’chifukwa ninji kanthu kena kosakhala kamphamvu kwambiri koposa imfa, monga ngati nthawi ya kukomoka, kamaimitsa ntchito zonse’zi?

Ndipo’nso, mtembo, kaya ukhale uja wa munthu kapena wa nyama, potsirizira pake umabwerera ku nthaka. Palibe chiri chonse chonena za imfa chimene chimasonyeza pang’ono chabe kukhalapo kwa moyo wosakhoza kufa umene umapitirizabe kukhalako.

CHIYAMBUKIRO CHA CHIPHUNZITSO CHONENA ZA KUSAKHOZA KUFA KWA MOYO

Chimene munthu amakhulupirira ponena za moyo Chimakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu.

Chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo wa chikumbu mtima cha anthu m’nthawi za nkondo. Atsogoleri achipembedzo apangitsa kuonekera ngati kuti kupha sikuli koipa kwambiri, popeza kuti opheda’wo ndi iko komwe samafa kweni-kweni. Ndipo iwo amene amafa m’nkhondo yomenyama ndi ndani amalonjezedwa madalitso. Chitsanzo ndicho mau onga osimbidwa mu New York Times ya pa September 11, 1950 akuti: “Makolo ochita chisoni amene ana ao asankhidwa kapena kuitanidwa’nso ku ntchito ya nkhondo anauzidwa dzulo m’Chalichi chachikulu cha St. Patrick kuti kufera m’nkhondo kunali mbali ya njira ya Mulungu yolowetsera anthu mu ‘ufumu wa Kumwamba.’” Lingaliro lolongosoledwa pano likusiyana pang’ono ndi chiphunzitso chakale Chachibabulo chakuti ofera ku nkhondo anapeza zinyanjo zapadera.

Motero kunamiziridwa kwa zimene Baibulo limanena ponena za moyo kwathandizira kuikidwa kwa mtengo wochipitsidwa pa moyo wa munthu ndipo kwachititsa anthu kuona kukhala odalira pa magulu akulu achipembedzo amene monama anena kuti ali osamalira miyoyo yao.

Pokhala mutadziwa zinthu zimene’zi, kodi mudzachitanji? N’kwachionekere kuti Mulungu woona, amene iye mwini ali “Mulungu wa choonadi” ndi amene amada mabodza, sadzayang’ana mwachiyanjo anthu amene amaumirira ku magulu amene amaphunzitsa chinyengo. (Salmo 31:5; Miyambo 6:16-19; Chivumbulutso 21:8) Ndipo, kweni-kweni, kodi mungafune’di kugwirizana ndi chipembedzo chimene chakhala chonyenga kwa inu?

[Chithunzi patsamba 40]

IZO ZONSE NDI MIYOYO