Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga

Pa 1 Petro 2:9, “King James Version” imatcha Akristu odzozedwa “mbadwo wosankhika.” Kodi zimenezi ziyenera kuyambukira kamvedwe kathu ka kutchula kwa Yesu “mbadwo” pa Mateyu 24:34?

Liwu lakuti “mbadwo” limapezeka pamalemba onse aŵiriwo m’matembenuzidwe ena. Malinga ndi King James Version, mtumwi Petro analemba kuti: “Koma inu muli mbadwo wosankhika, ansembe aufumu, mtundu woyera, anthu opatulika; kuti mukapereke zitamando za iye amene anakuitanani kutuluka mumdima kuloŵa kuunika kwake kodabwitsa.” Ndipo Yesu ananeneratu kuti: “Indetu ndinena kwa inu, mbadwo uwu sudzatha kuchoka, kufikira zinthu zonsezi zidzachitidwa.”​—1 Petro 2:9; Mateyu 24:34.

M’lemba loyambalo, mtumwi Petro anagwiritsira ntchito liwu Lachigiriki lakuti geʹnos, koma palemba lachiŵirilo la mawu a Yesu, timapezapo ge·ne·aʹ. Mawu Achigiriki aŵiri ameneŵa angaoneke kukhala ofanana, ndipo amachokera ku tsinde limodzi; komabe, iwo ali mawu osiyana, ndipo ali ndi matanthauzo osiyananso. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures​—With References imati m’mawu ake amtsinde pa 1 Petro 2:9: “‘Fuko,’ Chigiriki, geʹnos; losiyana ndi ge·ne·aʹ, ‘mbadwo,’ monga pa Mat. 24:34.” Mawu amtsinde ofanana ali pa Mateyu 24:34.

Monga momwe mawu amtsinde amenewo akusonyezera, matembenuzidwe Achingelezi oyenera a geʹnos ndiwo “race [fuko],” monga momwe amapezekera kwambiri m’mabaibulo Achingelezi. Pa 1 Petro 2:9, Petro anagwiritsira ntchito ulosi wa pa Yesaya 61:6 kwa Akristu odzozedwa okhala ndi chiyembekezo chakumwamba. Iwoŵa amatengedwa m’mitundu yonse ndi mafuko, koma mtundu wawo wakuthupi sumatanthauzanso kanthu pamene akhala mbali ya mtundu wa Israyeli wauzimu. (Aroma 10:12; Agalatiya 3:28, 29; 6:16; Chivumbulutso 5:9, 10) M’lingaliro lauzimu, Petro anawasonyeza kuti anali kukhala gulu lapadera​—“mbadwa yosankhika, ansembe achifumu, mtundu woyera mtima, anthu a mwini wake.”

Koma m’malemba Achigiriki a mawu a Yesu a pa Mateyu 24:34, timapeza liwu lakuti ge·ne·aʹ. Ambiri amadziŵa kuti Yesu anali kunena za anthu okhala m’nyengo yakutiyakuti, osati “fuko” lililonse la anthu.

Pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi zapitazo, Charles T. Russell, pulezidenti woyamba wa Watch Tower Society, anamveketsa bwino mfundo imeneyi, akumalemba kuti: “Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti ‘mbadwo’ ndi ‘fuko’ anganenedwe kukhala ochokera ku tsinde limodzi kapena magwero amodzi, komabe iwo sali ofanana; ndipo Malemba amagwiritsira ntchito mawu aŵiriwo kutanthauza zinthu zosiyana. . . . M’zolembedwa zosiyanasiyana zitatu za ulosi umenewu, Ambuye wathu anagwiritsira ntchito liwu Lachigiriki losiyana kotheratu (genea) limene silimatanthauza fuko, koma nlofanana ndi liwu Lachingelezi lotanthauza mbadwo. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwina kwa liwu Lachigirikilo (genea) kumatsimikizira kuti silimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutanthauza fuko, koma kutanthauza anthu okhala m’nyengo imodzi.”​—The Day of Vengeance, masamba 602-3.

Posachedwapa, A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew (1988), yolembedwera otembenuza Baibulo, inati: “[New International Version] imatembenuza mawu akuti mbadwo uwu m’lingaliro lenileni koma lili ndi mawu amtsinde akuti, ‘Kapena fuko.’ Ndipo katswiri wina wa Chipangano Chatsopano amakhulupirira kuti ‘Mateyu samatanthauza kokha mbadwo woyamba wobwera pambuyo pa Yesu koma mibadwo yonse Yachiyuda imene inamukana.’ Komabe, palibe umboni wa mawu wochirikiza malingaliro onse aŵiriŵa, ndipo ayenera kungoonedwa kukhala kuyesa kupeŵa tanthauzo loonekeratu. Malinga ndi malo ake oyambirira, mawuwo anatanthauza kokha anthu okhalako panthaŵi imodzimodzi ndi Yesu.”

Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a pamasamba 10 mpaka 15, Yesu anatsutsa mbadwo wa Ayuda a m’nthaŵi yake, anthu a panthaŵi yake amene anamukana. (Luka 9:41; 11:32; 17:25) Ponena za mbadwo umenewo, iye kaŵirikaŵiri anagwiritsira ntchito maajekitivi monga “oipa achigololo,” “osakhulupirira ndi amphulupulu,” ndi “wachigololo ndi wochimwa.” (Mateyu 12:39; 17:17; Marko 8:38) Pamene Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito “mbadwo” nthaŵi yomaliza, anali pa Phiri la Azitona pamodzi ndi atumwi ake anayi. (Marko 13:3) Amuna amenewo, omwe anali asanakhalebe odzozedwa ndi mzimu kapena kukhala mbali ya mpingo Wachikristu, ndithudi sanapange “mbadwo” kapena fuko la anthu. Komabe, anali ozoloŵera kumva Yesu akutchula liwu la “mbadwo” kutanthauza anthu a m’nthaŵi yake. Motero iwo ayenera kuti anamvetsetsa zimene iye anatanthauza pamene anatchula kuti “mbadwo uwu” nthaŵi yomaliza.a Mtumwi Petro, amene analipo, pambuyo pake analimbikitsa Ayuda: “Mudzipulumutse kwa mbadwo uno wokhotakhota.”​—Machitidwe 2:40.

Kaŵiririkaŵiri tafalitsa umboni wosonyeza kuti zinthu zambiri zimene Yesu ananeneratu m’nkhani imodzimodzi imeneyi (zonga nkhondo, zivomezi, ndi njala) zinakwaniritsidwa m’nyengo ya pakati pa kupereka kwake ulosiwo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu mu 70 C.E. Zinthu zambiri zinakwaniritsidwa, koma osati zonse. Mwachitsanzo, palibe umboni wakuti pambuyo pa kuukira Yerusalemu kwa Aroma (66-70 C.E.) “chizindikiro cha Mwana wa munthu” chinaonekera, chikumachititsa “mitundu yonse ya pa dziko lapansi” kudziguguda pachifuŵa. (Mateyu 24:30) Motero, kukwaniritsidwa kumeneko pakati pa 33 C.E. ndi 70 C.E. kuyenera kuti kunali koyamba chabe, osati kukwaniritsidwa konse kapena kokwanira kumene Yesu anasonyakonso.

G. A. Williamson, m’mawu oyamba a mamasuliridwe ake otchedwa The Jewish War a buku lolembedwa ndi Josephus akulemba kuti: “Mateyu akutiuza kuti, ophunzirawo, anafunsa [Yesu] funso lapaŵiri​—ponena za kuwonongedwa kwa Kachisi ndi za kubwera Kwake komaliza​—ndipo Iye anawapatsa yankho lapaŵiri, limene mbali yake yoyamba inaneneratu moonekera bwino zochitika zimene zinalingana ndendende ndi zimene Josephus analongosola.”

Inde, pakukwaniritsidwa koyamba, mawu akuti “mbadwo uwu” mwachionekere anatanthauza chimodzimodzi ndi panthaŵi zina​—mbadwo wokhala m’nyengo imodzi wa Ayuda osakhulupirira. “Mbadwo” umenewo sudzatha kuchoka popanda kuona zimene Yesu ananeneratu. Monga momwe Williamson ananenera, zimenezi zinachitikadi m’zaka makumi ofikitsa ku chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu, monga momwe wolemba mbiri yemwe anali mboni yoona ndi maso, Josephus, anafotokozera.

Pakukwaniritsidwa kwachiŵiri kapena kwakukulu, mawu akuti “mbadwo uwu” amatanthauzanso anthu okhala m’nyengo imodzi. Monga momwe nkhani yoyambira patsamba 16 ikusonyezera, sitiyenera kuganiza kuti Yesu anali kunena za chiŵerengero chakutichakuti cha zaka chopanga “mbadwo.”

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, tinganene zinthu zazikulu ziŵiri ponena za nthaŵi iliyonse yotanthauzidwa ndi “mbadwo.” (1) Mbadwo wa anthu sungaonedwe kukhala nyengo ya nthaŵi ya chiŵerengero chakutichakuti cha zaka, monga momwe zakhalira ndi mawu otchulira nthaŵi otanthauza chiŵerengero cha (zaka khumi kapena zaka zana). (2) Anthu a mbadwo umodzi amakhala ndi moyo kwa nyengo yofupikirapo osati yaitali kwambiri.

Chotero, pamene atumwi anamva Yesu akunena kuti “mbadwo uwu,” kodi iwo anaganizanji? Pamene kuli kwakuti ife, pokhala ndi chidziŵitso cha zimene zinachitika kumbuyo, timadziŵa kuti chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu mu “masauko aakulu” chinachitika patapita zaka 37, atumwi pomvetsera kwa Yesu sakanadziŵa zimenezo. M’malo mwake, kutchula kwake “mbadwo,” kwa iwo kunatanthauza anthu okhala ndi moyo kwa nyengo yanthaŵi yaifupi, osati nyengo yaitali kwambiri. Zilinso chimodzimodzi kwa ife. Chotero, ali oyenera chotani nanga mawu a Yesu otsatirapo: “Koma za tsiku ilo ndi nthaŵi yake sadziŵa munthu aliyense, angakhale angelo a kumwamba, kapena Mwana, koma Atate yekha. . . . Chifukwa chake khalani inunso okonzekeratu; chifukwa munthaŵi mmene simuganizira, Mwana wa munthu adzadza.”​—Mateyu 24:36, 44.

[Mawu a M’munsi]