Kodi Akristu Ayenera Kusunga Tsiku Lakupuma?
M’MWEZI wa June munagwa mvula yambiri. Chifukwa cha chimenechi, mwambo wakalekale unaswedwa mkati mwa maseŵera achitanyu a mpira wa tenesi ku Wimbledon mu 1991. Kwanthaŵi yoyamba m’mbiri, maseŵera anachitidwa pa Sande kukwichiza nthaŵi yotaikayo. Kusiyapo kunyalanyazidwa kwa apa ndi apo kwa malamulo monga pa chochitika ichi, Sande likali tsiku lopatulika lakupuma ku Mangalande, kuphatikizapo m’maiko ena ambiri.
Anthu ena amasunga tsiku losiyana lakupuma. Ayuda padziko lonse lapansi amasunga mosalephera Sabata kuyambira pakuloŵa kwadzuŵa pa Lachisanu kufikira pakuloŵa kwadzuŵa pa Loŵeruka. Mkati mwa Sabata, ndege za kampani yandege yadziko la Israyeli sizimauluka, ndipo m’matauni ena zoyendera anthu onse sizimagwira ntchito. M’Yerusalemu osunga mwambo amatseka makhwalala ena kutsekereza magalimoto onse amene akuwalingalira kukhala osaloledwa ndi lamulo pa Sabata.
Chenicheni chakuti zipembedzo zambiri zikali kusunga tsiku lamlungu ndi mlungu lakupuma kapena Sabata chikudzutsa mafunso angapo. Kodi kusunga Sabata nkwa Ayuda okha? Kodi nchifukwa ninji zipembedzo zambirimbiri m’Chikristu chadziko zavomereza tsiku losiyana lakupuma? Kodi kusunga tsiku lakupuma lamlungu ndi mlungu kukali chofunika cha Baibulo lerolino?
Kodi Sabata Lakhala Liriko Nthaŵi Zonse?
Timapeza kutchulidwa koyamba kwa m’Malemba kwa sabata m’bukhu la Eksodo. Pamene Aisrayeli anali m’chipululu, analandira mana, chakudya chozizwitsa, chochokera kwa Yehova. Patsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi lirilonse la mlungu, anali kusonkhanitsa wowirikiza kaŵiri chifukwa chakuti tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri linali kudzakhala “sabata la Yehova,” m’limene ntchito zonse zinaletsedwa.—Eksodo 16:4, 5, 22-25.
Ndiponso, Aisrayeli anapatsidwa Sabata kuwakumbutsa kuti anali akapolo m’dziko la Aigupto. Chokumbutsa chimenechi chikanakhala chopanda tanthauzo kwambiri ngati poyambapo analemekeza lamulo lotero. Chifukwa chake, malamulo olamulira Sabata anaperekedwa kwa Israyeli yekha—Deuteronomo 5:2, 3, 12-15.
Zizoloŵezi Zopambanitsa ndi Zothodwetsa
Chifukwa chakuti Chilamulo cha Mose sichinafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri ponena za Sabata, arabi m’kupita kwa zaka mazana ambiri analemba timalamulo tambirimbiri, kwakukulukulu toletsa mipangidwe yonse yantchito pa Sabata. Malinga nkunena kwa Mishnah, ntchito yoletsedwayo inali m’magulu aakulu okwanira 39, monga ngati kusoka, kulemba, ndi ntchito yapafamu. Ambiri amalangizo amenewa ngosachokera mu Baibulo. Posonya ku Mishnah, Encyclopædia Judaica ikuvomereza kuti malamulowo ali ngati “mapiri olenjekeka kutsitsi, chifukwa chakuti pali zochepekera za nkhaniyi zonenedwa m’Malemba komabe timalamulo ntambirimbiri.”
Kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo lakuti “munthu asachoke panyumba pake tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri,” utali wa mtunda wosafunikira kupitiriridwa unaperekedwa, ndipo umenewu unatchedwa “malire a Sabata.” Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa magwero ena, mtundawo ngwofanana ndi makyubiti zikwi ziŵiri, kapena pafupifupi mamita 900. (Eksodo 16:29, King James Version) Komabe, lamulo limeneli linakhoza kulambalalidwa mwamachenjera; Pamadzulowo otsatiridwa ndi Sabata, zakudya zinali kuikidwa pamtunda wamakyubiti zikwi ziŵiri kuchokera panyumba. Pamenepo malo amenewa anali kulingaliridwa kukhala malo owonjezera nyumba yabanja, ndipo makyubiti ena zikwi ziŵiri anali kuŵerengedwa kuyambira pamalowo.
Zambiri za ziletso zopangidwa ndi anthuzi zinalipo m’tsiku la Yesu. Chotero, atsogoleri achipembedzo anatonza ophunzira ake chifukwa cha kubudula ngala kuti adye pamene anali kudutsa minda yatirigu. Iwo anaimbidwa mlandu wakuswa Sabata—kubudula ngala kunalingaliridwa kukhala kukolola, ndipo kuifikitsa m’manja kunalingaliridwa kukhala kupera kapena kugaya. Yesu anatsutsa malingaliro awo onkitsa panyengo zingapo, popeza kuti anaimira molakwa tanthauzo la lamulo la Yehova.—Mateyu 12:1-8; Luka 13:10-17; 14:1-6; Yohane 5:1-16; 9:1-16.
Kuchokera ku Sabata la Loŵeruka kumka ku Sabata la Sande
“Masande adzasungidwa kutumikira Mulungu modzipereka.” Limenelo ndilo Lamulo Lachinayi lonena za Sabata monga momwe likuperekedwera ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Catéchisme pour adultes kofalitsidwa posachedwapa m’Chifrenchi kamafotokoza kuti: “Sande Lachikristu limasungidwa patsiku lapambuyo pa Sabata; patsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu, ndiko kuti, tsiku loyamba lachilengedwe chatsopano. Limavomereza mfundo zofunika za Sabata koma liri losumikidwa pa Paskha wa Kristu.” Kodi masinthidwe amenewa kuchokera ku sabata la Loŵeruka kumka ku sabata la Sande anachitika motani?
Ngakhale kuti Sande linali tsiku limene Yesu anauka kwa akufa, kwa Akristu oyambirira linali tsiku logwira ntchito mofanana ndi tsiku lina lirilonse. Koma chosankha chochitidwa ndi bungwe latchalitchi la Laodekiya (chapakati kufikira kumapeto kwazaka za zana lachinayi C.E.) chimasonyeza kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, Sabata Lachiyuda pa Loŵeruka linaloŵedwa mmalo ndi sabata la Sande “Lachikristu.” Lamulo limeneli “linaletsa Akristu kuchirikiza Chiyuda ndi kuti ayenera kugwira ntchito patsiku la Sabata [la Ayuda], ndipo tsiku la Ambuye [tsiku la mlungu palimene anauka kwa akufa] linayenera kulemekezedwa mwanjira Yachikristu.” Kuyambira panthaŵiyo kumkabe mtsogolo omamatira ku Chikristu Chadziko anafunikira kugwira ntchito pa Loŵeruka lirilonse ndi kusagwira ntchito pa Sande lirilonse. Pambuyo pake, iwo anafunikira kufika pa Misa pa Sande.
Mwachichirikizo cha olamulira adziko, mwamsanga kugwira ntchito pa Sande lirilonse kunaletsedwa m’maiko onse Achikristu Chadziko. Kuyambira m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi kumkabe mtsogolo, oswa tsiku loletsedwa analipiritsidwa faindi kapena kukwapulidwa zikoti, ndipo ng’ombe zawo zinkafunkhidwa. Panthawi zina, olakwa osalapa anali kukakamizidwa kukhala akapolo.
Kwenikweni, malamulo okhudza ntchito zovomerezedwa kuchitidwa pa Sande lirilonse anali ocholowana kwambiri mofanana ndi miyambo imene inalamulira Sabata Lachiyuda. Dictionnaire de théologie catholique limapereka mafotokozedwe otchuka ponena za malamulo atchalitchi osonyeza zolondola kapena zolakwa, ndipo pakati pazinthu zoletsedwa, pakutchulidwa ntchito yaukapolo, ntchito yapafamu, kuzengedwa kwa milandu, misika, ndi kusaka.
Mosiyana, sabata Lachiyuda linatchulidwa monga kulungamitsidwa kwa ziletso zimenezi. New Catholic Encyclopedia imatchula malamulo a Mfumu Charlemagne okuza masiku a Sande kuti: “Lingaliro losunga Sabata, lokanidwa kotheratu ndi St. Jerome ndi lotsutsidwa ndi Bungwe la Orléan mu 538 kukhala Lachiyuda ndi lotsutsana ndi Chikristu, linanenedwa momvekera bwino m’lamulo la Charlemagne la 789, limene linaletsa ntchito zonse pa Sande kukhala monga kuswedwa [kwa Malamulo Khumi].” Chotero, ngakhale kuti kunakondweretsa tchalitchi kuwona olamulira adziko akumakakamiza tsiku la Sande kukhala lakupuma, chinalola ulamuliro wadziko umenewu kulungamitsa ziletso zimenezi pamaziko alamulo amene tchalitchicho chinakana, ndiko kuti, lamulo la Mose lonena za Sabata.
Kaimidwe kotsutsana ndi Malemba
Zaka mazana ambiri pasadakhale, Azibambo Atchalitchi angapo, ndipo makamaka Augustine, analengeza moyenerera kuti Sabata linali kakonzedwe kakanthaŵi koikidwira padera Ayuda. Mwakutero, Abambo Atchalitchi amenewo anangovomereza chimene Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu amafotokoza, ndiko kuti, kuti Sabata liri phata lapangano Lachilamulo limene linachotsedwa mwansembe ya Yesu.—Aroma 6:14; 7:6; 10:4; Agalatiya 3:10-14, 24, 25.
Mu Vocabulaire biblique yapanthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mphunzitsi wazaumulungu Wachiprotestante Oscar Cullmann akugwidwa mawu kukhala akuvomereza kuti “chifukwa chakuti Yesu anadza, nafa, ndipo anaukitsidwa, mapwando a Chi[pangano] Cha[kale] tsopano akwaniritsidwa, ndipo kuwasunga, ‘kumatanthauza kubwereranso kuchipangano chakale, monga ngati kuti Kristu sanadze konse.’” Pokhala titapenda mfundo yofunika imeneyi, kodi kuli kotheka kulungamitsa kusunga Sabata mokakamiza?
Lerolino, olemba mabukhu Achikatolika kwakukulukulu amafunafuna chichirikizo pa Machitidwe 20:7, pamene pamalankhula za “tsiku loyamba la sabata” (Sande), pamene Paulo anakomana ndi mabwenzi ake kudya nawo chakudya. Komabe, imeneyi inali kokha mfundo ya m’nkhani. Palibe m’lembali kapena m’mavesi ena a Baibulo osonyeza kuti cholembedwa ichi chinachitidwira kukhala chitsanzo choti chitsatiridwe ndi Akristu, ndithudi osati monga thayo. Inde, kusunga Sande monga sabata kulibe chichirikizo cha Malemba.
Kodi Akristu ali ndi Mpumulo Wotani?
Ngakhale kuti Akristu sali okakamizika kusunga tsiku la mpumulo lamlungu ndi mlungu, iwo akuitanidwa kuloŵa mu mpumulo wamtundu wina. Paulo akufotokoza izi kwa Akristu anzake Achiyuda, akumati: ‘Momwemo utsalira mpumulo wa Sabata wa kwa anthu a Mulungu. . . . Chifukwa chake tichite changu chakuloŵa mpumulowo.’ (Ahebri 4:4-11) Ayuda amenewa, poyambapo asanakhale Akristu, analondola chilamulo cha Mose mosamalitsa monga momwe akanathera. Tsopano Paulo sanali kuwalimbikitsanso kufunafuna chipulumutso kupyolera mwa ntchito koma m’malo mwake “kupumula” kuntchito zawo zakufa. Kuyambira pamenepo kumkabe mtsogolo, iwo anali kudzakhala ndi chikhulupiriro m’nsembe ya Yesu, imene inali njira yokha mwa imene anthu akakhalira olungamo m’maso mwa Mulungu.
Kodi ife lerolino tingasonyeze motani kulabadira lingaliro la Mulungu limenelo? Mofanana ndi anthu anzawo, Mboni za Yehova, monga anthu osachita mopitirira muyezo, amayamikira tsiku lakupuma lamlungu ndi mlungu kuchokera kuntchito yakuthupi limene likugwira ntchito m’maiko ambiri. Zimenezi zimawalola kukhala ndi nthaŵi yamayanjano m’banja ndi kupuma. Koma kwakukulukulu, latsimikizira kukhala nyengo yamautumiki ena Achikristu. (Aefeso 5:15, 16) Amenewa amaphatikizapo misonkhano ndi kukhala ndi phande mu uminisitala wapoyera, kuchezera anansi awo kugaŵana nawo chidziwitso cha m’Baibulo chonena zanthaŵi imene yayandikira pamene anthu okhulupirira adzasangalala nawo mtendere wa padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati inu mufuna kudziŵa za zimenezi, Mboni za Yehova zidzakhala zokondwera kukuthandizani, kaya tsikulo likhale pa Loŵeruka, Sande kapena tsiku lina lirilonse lamlungu.
[Chithunzi patsamba 28]
Yesu anasunga lamulo la Sabata bwino lomwe, mmalo mwa miyambo Yachiyuda
[Chithunzi patsamba 29]
Zochita Zachikristu zimapatsa chitsitsimulo pamasiku akupuma kuntchito yakuthupi