Malo Kuchokera ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa

Basana​—Magwero Achonde

PAMENE mukuŵerenga Baibulo, kodi simunapezepo mawu a malo ambiri amene simungachitire chithunzi? Mkati mwa May ndi June, Mboni zaYehova zidzaŵerenga Mika mpaka Zekariya. M’kutsatira ndandanda imeneyo, mudzapeza Basana atatchulikdwa m’malemba atatu. (Mika 7:14; Nahumu 1:4; Zekariya 11:2) Zimenezo ndi ndime zina zokondweretsa zidzatanthauza zochuluka ngati mungawone Basana ndi diso lanu la maganizo.

Kodi Basana inali kuti? Chabwino, inu mwachisawawa mungaizindikire iyo ndi Zikweza za Golani, zimene mwinamwake munaziwona pa mamapu a nyuzipepala. Basana inali kum’mawa kwa ponse paŵiri Nyanja ya Galileya ndi kumtunda dwa Chigwa cha Tordano. Iyo kwakukulukulu inafutukuka kuchokera ku Mtsinje wa Yarmuk (mbali ya malire a nthaŵi ino pakati pa Yordano ndi Siriya) kumpoto ku Phiri la Hermoni.

Aisrayeli akale asanaloŵe m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa, anafunikira kugonjetsa gulu lankhondo la Akanani la chimphona Ogi, mfumu ya Basana. Pambuyo pa chimenecho, mbali yaikulu ya Basana inakhalidwa ndi fuko la Manase. (Deuteronomo 3:1-7, 11, 13; Numeri 32:33; 34:14) Kodi malo a Baibulo amenewa anali otani? Ngakhale kuti iwo anali ndi nkhalango m’malo ake amapiri, mbali yaikulu koposa ya Basana inali malo apamwamba, otambalala.

M’mbali zambiri Basana inali kwenikweni yopereka zolimidwa zambiri. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti malo odyerako ziŵeto kapena kubusa anakuta mbali yaikulu ya chigawocho. (Yeremiya 50:19) Zithunzithunzi zotsatizanazi zingabweretse ku malingaliro anu zilozero zina za m’Baibulo ku Basana.a Ambiri aŵerenga ponena za “ng’ombe zamphongo za Basana.” (Salmo 22:12, King James Version) Inde, nthaŵi zakale chigawo chimenechi chinali chotchuka kaamba ka ng’ombe zake, kuphatikizapo ng’ombe zamphongo zazing’ono zamphamvu. Koma ziŵeto zina zinachuluka kumeneko nazonso, zonga ngati nkhosa ndi mbuzi zimene zinathanzira ku kupereka mkaka wochuluka ndi butter.​—Deuteronomo 32:14.

Inu mungadabwe chimene chinatsogolera ku chonde choterocho mu Basana, popeza kuti anali kum’mawa kwa Yordano m’malo amene ambiri amalingalira kukhala owuma kwambiri. Chenicheni chiri chakuti, magomo a Galileya kumadzulo ali aafupi, chotero mitambo yochokera ku Mediterranean ingadutse pamwamba pa iwo ndi kubweretsa mvula yokwanira ku Basana. Ndiponso, mphepo ya chinyontho ndi timitsinje zinabwera motsika kuchokera m’Phiri la Hermoni. Tangolingalirani kuthekerako pamene chinyontho chobwera chimenecho chinasanganizana ndi nthaka yolemera ya chigumuchire yopezeka m’Basana! Malowo anapereka chimanga chochulukira. Kale kwambiri isanakhale nkhokwe yaikulu ya Aroma, Basana inapereka chakudya kaamba ka magome a Solomo. Ndi chifukwa chabwino, kenaka, chopereka cha Mulungu kaamba ka anthu ake omasulidwa chikananenedwa pambuyo pake m’njira iyi: “Zidye m’Basana ndi m’Gileadi masiku akale lomwe.”​—Mika 7:14; 1 Mafumu 4:7, 13.

Mukudziŵa za kubala zipatso koteroko, inu mungayamikire kalongosoledwe kulunjika ka Nahumu ka chimene kupanda chiyanjo kwa Mulungu kukabweretsa: “Basana ndi Karimeli [magomo okhala ndi udzu wobiriwira pafupi ndi Nyanja Yaikulu] afota, ndi duwa la ku Lebano linyala.”​—Nahumu 1:4b.

Kawonedwe konse kameneka ka Basana kangakuthandizeni kuchitira chithunzi m’malingaliro mopepuka kwambiri malo ena obisika a m’Baibulo. Mwachitsanzo, inu mwachiwonekere munaŵerenga ponena za kukolola zolimidwa, zonga ngati tirigu amene anamera m’malo ambiri a Basana. Kukolola tirigu kunabwera m’miyezi yofunda ya Iyyar ndi Sivan (Kalenda Yachiyuda, yoyenderana ndi kothera kwa April, May ndi kuchiyambi kwa June). Mkati mwa nyengo imeneyi, Phwando la Milungu (Pentekoste) linachitika. Monga mbali ya ilo, zowundukula za kukolola kwa tirigu zinaperekedwa, ndipo ana a nkhosa, nkhosa zamphongo, ndi ng’ombe yamphongo zinaperekedwa nsembe. Kodi nyamazo zingakhale zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Basana?​—Eksodo 34:22; Levitiko 23:15-18.

Pa nthaŵi yokolola ogwira ntchito anadula tirigu woimirira ndi zenga lokhota longa lopangidwa ndi chitsulo lowoneka pamwambapo, limene likusoweka chogwirira chake chamtengo. (Deuteronomo 16:9, 10; 23:25) Kenaka mapesi anasonkhanitsidwa ndi kutengedwa ku malo opunthira, kumene chopunthira chamtengo (chokhala ndi miyala yoikidwa kunsi kwake) chinaguzidwa pamwamba pawo kuti chichotse mbewu. (Rute 2:2-7, 23; 3:3, 6; Yesaya 41:15) Pamene mukuyang’ana pa chithunzi cha chimenechi, chotengedwa mu Zikweza za Golani, inu mungawunikire pa lamulo latanthauzo la Mulungu lakuti: “Musamapunamiza ng’ombe popuntha tirigu.”​—Deuteronomo 25:4; 1 Akorinto 9:9.

Pomalizira, kumbukirani kuti Basana wakale anali ndi nkhalango zochindikala, yambiri ya mitengoyo ikukhala mitengo yaikulu koposa ya thundu, yonga yomwe yasonyezedwa kumanzere. Anthu a ku Fonike anapanga nkhafi kuchokera ku mtengo wolimba wa thundu wa ku Basana. (Ezekieli 27:6) Komabe, ngakhale ‘mitengo yochuluka ya Basana yoteroyo, nkhalango yosapitika,’ sinakhoze kuimirira molimbana ndi ukali wosonyezedwa wa Mulungu. (Zekariya 11:2; Yesya 2:13) Kuwona mitengo yotereyi kumachipangitsanso kukhala chopepuka kulingalira chifukwa chimene nkhalango zoterizi zikakhala vuto kaamba ka gulu lankhondo lothaŵa. Ngakhale woyenda pa kavalo angagwidwe mu nthambi, monga mmene Abisalomu anachitira kwinakwake.​—2 Samueli 18:8, 9.

Ife tingawone kuti ngakhale kuti Basana inali chigawo cha Dziko Lolonjezedwa kumene osati zochitika zambiri za m’Baibulo zinachitikira, malo kuchokera ku iyo amalimbitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa zilozero za Baibulo ku iyo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

Zithunzi za mkati: Badè Institute of Biblical Archaeology

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.