Mutu 36
Mzinda Waukulu Udzawonongedwa
Masomphenya 12—Chivumbulutso 18:1–19:10
Nkhani yake: Kugwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu; kulengezedwa kwa ukwati wa Mwanawankhosa
Nthawi ya kukwaniritsidwa kwake: Kuyambira mu 1919 mpaka chisautso chachikulu chitadutsa
1. Kodi chisautso chachikulu chidzayamba bwanji?
KUWONONGEDWA kwa Babulo Wamkulu kudzakhala kodzidzimutsa ndi koopsa. Zimenezi zidzakhala zinthu zochititsa mantha kwambiri m’mbiri yonse ya anthu, ndipo zidzakhala chiyambi cha “chisautso chachikulu chimene sichinachitikepo kuchokera pa chiyambi cha dziko mpaka tsopano, ndipo sichidzachitikanso.”—Mateyu 24:21.
2. Ngakhale kuti maulamuliro osiyanasiyana akhala akubwera n’kumatha, kodi n’chiyani chimene chidakalipobe?
2 Chipembedzo chonyenga chakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Chipembedzochi chakhalapo nthawi zonse kuyambira m’nthawi ya Nimurodi, yemwe ankakonda kukhetsa magazi komanso ankatsutsana ndi Yehova ndipo anayambitsa ntchito yomanga Nsanja ya Babele. Yehova atasokoneza chinenero cha anthu amene ankamanga nsanjawo, omwe anamugalukira, anthuwo anabalalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo anapita limodzi ndi mfundo za chipembedzo chonyenga cha ku Babulo. (Genesis 10:8-10; 11:4-9) Kuchokera pa nthawi imeneyo maulamuliro osiyanasiyana akhala akubwera n’kumatha, koma chipembedzo chachibabulo chidakalipobe. Chipembedzochi chasintha m’njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo mogwirizana ndi ulosi, chakhala Babulo Wamkulu, yemwe ndi zipembedzo zonyenga zonse pamodzi. Mbali yaikulu ya Babulo Wamkulu ndi Matchalitchi Achikhristu, amene ziphunzitso zawo zinachokera ku Babulo wakale ndipo n’zophatikizana ndi ziphunzitso za Akhristu ampatuko. Popeza kuti Babulo Wamkulu wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri, anthu ambiri sakhulupirira kuti Babulo Wamkulu ameneyu adzawonongedwa.
3. Kodi buku la Chivumbulutso likutitsimikizira bwanji kuti chipembedzo chonyenga chidzawonongedwa?
3 Choncho n’chifukwa chake buku la Chivumbulutso limafotokoza motsimikiza kwambiri kuti chipembedzo chonyenga chidzawonongedwa. Bukuli limafotokoza zimenezi m’masomphenya awiri atsatanetsatane osonyeza mmene Babulo Wamkulu adzagwere komanso zimene zidzachitike kuti awonongedwe ndiponso kuti asakhaleponso mpaka kalekale. Taona kale kuti Babulo Wamkulu ameneyu ndi “hule lalikulu” limene linaphedwa ndi atsogoleri a ndale amene ankachita naye chiwerewere. (Chivumbulutso 17:1, 15, 16) Koma tsopano, m’masomphenya ena, tiona kuti Babulo Wamkulu ali ngati mzinda, kapena kuti chipembedzo chofanana ndi Babulo wakale.
Kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu
4. (a) Kodi masomphenya otsatira amene Yohane anaona anali otani? (b) Kodi mngelo amene analengeza za kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu ndani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani m’pake kuti iye analengeza zimenezi?
4 Yohane akupitiriza kufotokoza kuti: “Zimenezi zitatha, ndinaona mngelo wina akutsika kumwamba wokhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu. Ndipo dziko lapansi linawala ndi ulemerero wake. Iye anafuula ndi mawu amphamvu, akuti: ‘Wagwa! Babulo Wamkulu wagwa.’” (Chivumbulutso 18:1, 2a) Aka n’kachiwiri kuti Yohane amve chilengezo chimenechi choperekedwa ndi mngelo. (Onani Chivumbulutso 14:8.) Koma pa nthawi ino ulemerero wa mngelo wochokera kumwambayu unasonyeza kuti chilengezochi n’chofunika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ulemererowo unawala padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi mngelo ameneyu angakhale ndani? Zaka zambiri m’mbuyomu, pamene mneneri Ezekieli ankafotokoza masomphenya ena akumwamba, ananena kuti “dziko lapansi linawala chifukwa cha ulemerero [wa Yehova].” (Ezekieli 43:2) Mngelo yekhayo amene angawale ndi ulemerero wofanana ndi wa Yehova ndi Ambuye Yesu, amene “amasonyeza ndendende mmene ulemerero wa Mulungu ulili ndipo ndiye chithunzi chenicheni cha Mulungu weniweniyo.” (Aheberi 1:3) Mu 1914, Yesu anakhala Mfumu kumwamba, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iye akulamulira padziko lapansi monga Mfumu komanso Woweruza, amene akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Yehova. Choncho m’pake kuti iye alengeze za kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu.
5. (a) Kodi mngelo anagwiritsa ntchito ndani polengeza kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu? (b) Pamene chiweruzo chinayambira pa anthu amene ankati ndi ‘nyumba ya Mulungu,’ kodi Matchalitchi Achikhristu zinthu zinawathera bwanji?
5 Kodi mngelo wokhala ndi ulamuliro waukuluyu anagwiritsa ntchito ndani polengeza uthenga wochititsa chidwiwo kwa anthu? Anagwiritsa ntchito Akhristu odzozedwa omwe anamasulidwa mu ukapolo chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkuluyo. Kuyambira mu 1914 mpaka mu 1918 Akhristu amenewa anazunzidwa kwambiri ndi Babulo Wamkulu. Koma mu 1918 Ambuye Yehova pamodzi ndi Yesu Khristu, ‘mthenga wake wa pangano’ la Abulahamu, anayamba kupereka chiweruzo “panyumba ya Mulungu,” yomwe ikuimira anthu amene ankati ndi Akhristu. Choncho Matchalitchi Achikhristu ampatuko anayesedwa. (Malaki 3:1; 1 Petulo 4:17) Pa nthawi ya chiweruzo, zinthu zinawaipira kwambiri Matchalitchi Achikhristu popeza anapezeka ndi mlandu waukulu wa magazi chifukwa ankalowerera pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Zinthu zinawaipiranso chifukwa ankathandizira kwambiri kuti mboni zokhulupirika za Yehova zizizunzidwa, ndiponso ankatsatira zikhulupiriro zimene zinachokera ku Babulo. Ndipo panalibe mbali ina iliyonse ya Babulo Wamkulu imene Mulungu anasangalala nayo.—Yerekezerani ndi Yesaya 13:1-9.
6. N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti pofika mu 1919 Babulo Wamkulu anali atagwa?
6 Pofika mu 1919 Babulo Wamkulu anali atagwa, ndipo tinganene kuti zimenezi zinapereka mpata woti m’tsiku limodzi lokha, anthu a Mulungu amasulidwe n’kubwezeretsedwa kudziko lawo kumene akusangalala ndi madalitso auzimu. (Yesaya 66:8) Pofika m’chaka chimenechi, Yehova Mulungu, yemwe ndi Dariyo Wamkulu, pamodzi ndi Yesu Khristu, yemwe ndi Koresi Wamkulu, anachititsa kuti chipembedzo chonyenga chisathenso kusokoneza anthu a Yehova. Chipembedzo chonyengachi sichikanathanso kulepheretsa anthu a Yehova kumutumikira ndi kulengeza kuti Babulo Wamkulu, amene ali ngati hule, watsala pang’ono kuwonongedwa ndiponso kuti posachedwapa Yehova atsimikizira kuti iye ndiye woyenera kulamulira m’chilengedwe chonse.—Yesaya 45:1-4; Danieli 5:30, 31.
7. (a) Ngakhale kuti Babulo Wamkulu sanawonongedwe mu 1919, kodi Yehova amamuona bwanji? (b) Kodi n’chiyani chinachitikira anthu a Yehova Babulo Wamkulu atagwa mu 1919?
7 N’zoona kuti Babulo Wamkulu sanawonongedwe mu 1919, mofanana ndi mzinda wa Babulo wakale womwenso sunawonongedwe mu 539 B.C.E. pamene unalandidwa ndi asilikali a Koresi Mperisiya. Komabe Yehova amaona kuti Babulo Wamkulu ameneyu anagwa. Iye anaweruzidwa kuti ndi wolakwa ndipo akungodikira kuphedwa. Choncho, chipembedzo chonyenga sichingathenso kuika anthu a Yehova mu ukapolo. (Yerekezerani ndi Luka 9:59, 60.) Anthu a Yehova amenewa anamasulidwa mu ukapolo kuti atumikire Mbuye wawo monga kapolo wokhulupirika ndi wanzeru popereka chakudya chauzimu cha pa nthawi yake. Pa nthawi ya chiweruzoyi, kapolo ameneyu anauzidwa kuti “Wachita bwino kwambiri,” ndipo anapatsidwa ntchito imene akuigwira mwakhama potumikira Yehova.—Mateyu 24:45-47; 25:21, 23; Machitidwe 1:8.
8. Kodi mlonda wotchulidwa pa Yesaya 21:8, 9 analengeza za chiyani, ndipo mlonda ameneyu akuimiridwa ndi ndani masiku ano?
8 Zaka zambirimbiri zapitazo, Yehova anagwiritsira ntchito aneneri ena polosera zinthu zosaiwalika zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, Yesaya analosera za mlonda amene “anafuula mwamphamvu ngati kubangula kwa mkango, kuti: ‘Inu Yehova, ine ndimaimirira tsiku lonse pansanja ya mlonda, ndipo usiku uliwonse ndimakhala pamalo anga olonderapo.’” Kodi mlonda ameneyu anaona zinthu zotani zomwe anazilengeza molimba mtima ngati mkango? Iye ananena kuti: “Wagwa! Babulo wagwa! Zifaniziro zonse zogoba za milungu yake zaphwanyidwa [ndi Yehova] ndipo zili pansi.” (Yesaya 21:8, 9) Moyenerera, mlonda ameneyu akuimira Akhristu odzozedwa amene ali tcheru masiku ano, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito magazini a Nsanja ya Olonda ndi mabuku ena ofotokozera Baibulo polengeza padziko lonse uthenga wakuti Babulo wagwa.
Kuchepa Mphamvu kwa Babulo Wamkulu
9, 10. (a) N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti zipembedzo zachibabulo zachepa mphamvu kuchokera pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse? (b) Kodi mngelo wamphamvu uja anafotokoza kuti Babulo Wamkulu atagwa anasanduka malo otani?
9 Kugwa kwa Babulo wakale mu 539 B.C.E. kunali chiyambi cha kutha mphamvu kwa mzindawo kumene kunatenga zaka zambiri, ndipo pamapeto pake unawonongedwa. Mofanana ndi zimenezi, kuyambira pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, mphamvu za zipembedzo zachibabulo zachepa kwambiri padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo ku Japan, anthu a chipembedzo cha Chishinto analetsedwa kulambira mfumu pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ku China boma lachikomyunizimu linaika malamulo okhwima oti zipembedzo ziziyendera posankha anthu pa maudindo m’zipembedzo komanso limalamulira zochitika zonse za zipembedzo. M’mayiko a kumpoto kwa Ulaya kumene kuli Apulotesitanti ambiri, anthu ambiri alibe chidwi ndi chipembedzo. Masiku ano tchalitchi cha Katolika chachepa mphamvu chifukwa chakuti anthu m’chipembedzochi agawanika padziko lonse komanso sakugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zake zina.—Yerekezerani ndi Maliko 3:24-26.
10 Mosakayikira, zonse zimene zikuchitikazi ndi umboni wakuti ‘mtsinje wa Firate ukuuma,’ ndipo zikusonyeza kuti posachedwapa Babulo Wamkulu awonongedwa pa nkhondo. Umboni wina wosonyeza kuti mtsinjewu ‘ukuuma’ ndi zimene papa analengeza mu October 1986 kuti tchalitchichi chiyenera “kuyambiranso kupemphetsa ndalama” chifukwa chili ndi ngongole zambiri. (Chivumbulutso 16:12) Ndipo kungoyambira mu 1919 Babulo Wamkulu waonekera poyera kuti ndi wakufa mwauzimu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zimene mngelo wamphamvu uja analengeza kuti: “Ndipo wakhala malo okhala ziwanda, ndiponso obisalamo mpweya uliwonse wonyansa wotuluka m’kamwa, komanso obisalamo mbalame iliyonse yonyansa ndi yodedwa.” (Chivumbulutso 18:2b) Posachedwapa, sipadzapezeka munthu aliyense wokhala mu Babulo Wamkulu ndipo adzakhala bwinja lofanana ndi la Babulo wakale limene lili m’dziko la Iraq.—Onaninso Yeremiya 50:25-28.
11. Kodi Babulo Wamkulu wakhala bwanji “malo okhala ziwanda” ndiponso ‘obisalamo mpweya wonyansa wotuluka m’kamwa komanso mbalame zonyansa’?
11 Zikuoneka kuti mawu akuti “ziwanda” amene atchulidwa palembali akufanana ndi mawu akuti “ziwanda zooneka ngati mbuzi” (se‘i·rimʹ) amene Yesaya anagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza za kugwa kwa Babulo. Iye anati: “Nyama zam’tchire zokhala kumadera opanda madzi zidzagona kumeneko, ndipo nyumba za anthu amene anali kukhala kumeneko zidzadzaza ndi akadzidzi. Nthiwatiwa zizidzakhala kumeneko, ndipo ziwanda zooneka ngati mbuzi zizidzadumphadumpha kumeneko.” (Yesaya 13:21) N’kutheka kuti mawuwa sakunena za ziwanda zenizeni, koma akunena za nyama za m’chipululu zokhala ndi ubweya utaliutali wopotanapotana, zomwe anthu akaziona ankaganiza za ziwanda. Mophiphiritsira, m’mabwinja a Babulo Wamkulu mudzakhala nyama zoterezi komanso mpweya wa poizoni (‘mpweya wonyansa wotuluka m’kamwa’), ndi mbalame zonyansa. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti iye adzakhala wakufa mwauzimu. Babulo Wamkulu sangathandize anthu m’njira iliyonse kuti adzapeze moyo wosatha.—Yerekezerani ndi Aefeso 2:1, 2.
12. Kodi mmene zinthu zilili mu Babulo Wamkulu zikufanana bwanji ndi ulosi wa pa Yeremiya chaputala 50?
12 Zimene zachitikira Babulo Wamkulu zikugwirizananso ndi zimene zili mu ulosi wa Yeremiya. Iye analosera kuti: “‘Lupanga lidzawononga Akasidi,’ watero Yehova, ‘lidzawononganso anthu okhala m’Babulo, akalonga ake ndi anthu ake anzeru. . . . Madzi ake adzawonongedwa ndipo adzauma. Dziko limeneli ndi la zifaniziro zogoba, ndipo anthu ake amachita zinthu mosaganiza chifukwa cha masomphenya awo ochititsa mantha. Choncho nyama za m’madera opanda madzi, nyama zokonda kulira mokuwa ndi nthiwatiwa zidzakhala mmenemo. Simudzakhalanso munthu mmenemo ndipo mzindawo sudzapezekanso ku mibadwomibadwo.’” Kupembedza mafano komanso kunena mapemphero obwerezabwereza sikudzateteza Babulo Wamkulu kuti asalandire chilango chofanana ndi chimene Mulungu anapereka powononga mizinda ya Sodomu ndi Gomora.—Yeremiya 50:35-40.
Vinyo wa Dama Lake
13. (a) Kodi mngelo wamphamvu uja anasonyeza bwanji kuti uhule wa Babulo Wamkulu wafala kwambiri? (b) Kodi mu Babulo Wamkulu mukuchitika chiwerewere chotani chimenenso chinali chofala ku Babulo wakale?
13 Kenako zimene mngelo wamphamvuyu anafotokoza zikusonyeza kuti uhule wa Babulo Wamkulu wafala kwambiri. Iye anati: “Iye wamwetsa mitundu yonse ya anthu vinyo wa mkwiyo, vinyo wa dama lake. Ndipo mafumu a dziko lapansi anachita naye dama. Amalonda oyendayenda a padziko lapansi analemera chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali zimene mkazi ameneyu anadziunjikira mopanda manyazi.” (Chivumbulutso 18:3) Iye wasocheretsa anthu a mitundu yonse powaphunzitsa zochita zake zonyansa zachipembedzo. Malinga ndi zimene Herodotus, wolemba mbiri wachigiriki ananena, mkazi aliyense wa ku Babulo ankayenera kudzipereka kuti achite uhule kamodzi pamoyo wake akamalambira m’kachisi. Mtima wosonyeza kuti anthu amakonda zinthu zonyansa zolaula udakalipobe masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, ku Angkor Wat m’dziko la Kampuchea kuli ziboliboli zolaula zomwe zinawonongedwa pa nkhondo. Komanso mu akachisi a ku Khajuraho m’dziko la India muli chifaniziro chosema cha Vishnu, mulungu wachihindu amene anazunguliridwa ndi zifaniziro zina zolaula zonyansa kwambiri. Anthu ananyansidwa kwambiri mu 1987 komanso mu 1988 chifukwa cha nkhani imene inaululika m’dziko la United States, yoti alaliki ena a pa TV ankakonda kuchita chiwerewere. Komanso zinaululika kuti khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha lafala kwambiri pakati pa atsogoleri a zipembedzo. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti Matchalitchi Achikhristu nawonso amalekerera dama lonyansa kwambiri. Komabe, m’mayiko onse mukuchitika dama la mtundu winawake loopsa kwambiri kuposa pamenepa.
14-16. (a) Kodi ndi mgwirizano woipa uti umene unalipo pakati pa atsogoleri a ndale ankhanza ndi atsogoleri a chipembedzo m’dziko la Italy? (b) Kodi dziko la Italy litalanda dziko la Abyssinia, mabishopu a tchalitchi cha Katolika anati chiyani?
14 Takambirana kale za mgwirizano woipa wa atsogoleri a zipembedzo ndi a ndale umene unachititsa kuti Hitler wa chipani cha Nazi ayambe kulamulira dziko la Germany. Mayiko enanso anakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha zipembedzo zimene zinkalowerera m’ndale. Mwachitsanzo, pa February 11, 1929, Mussolini, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wankhanza wa ku Italy, anasainirana pangano ndi Kadinala Gasparri ku Lateran, lomwe cholinga chake chinali choti dera la Vatican City likhale dziko loima palokha. Papa Pius wa 11 ananena kuti iye “anapereka dziko la Italy kwa Mulungu, ndiponso anapereka Mulungu ku dziko la Italy.” Kodi zimenezo zinali zoona? Taganizirani zimene zinachitika patapita zaka 6. Pa October 3, 1935, asilikali a dziko la Italy analowerera m’dziko la Abyssinia (Ethiopia) ndipo iwo ankati achita zimenezi popeza “dzikoli linali lankhanza kwambiri chifukwa munkachitikabe ukapolo.” Koma kodi ndani ankachitadi nkhanza pamenepa? Kodi tchalitchi cha Katolika chinadzudzula Mussolini chifukwa cha nkhanza zimene anachitazi? Ngakhale kuti papa sankalankhula mwatchutchutchu pa nkhaniyi, mabishopu ake ankajijirika kwambiri podalitsa asilikali a dziko la Italy. M’buku lina, (The Vatican in the Age of the Dictators) Anthony Rhodes analemba kuti:
15 “M’kalata imene bishopu wina wa ku Udine m’dziko la Italy analemba pa 19 October [1935], ananena kuti, ‘Nthawi sinakwane ndiponso sizoyenera kuti ife tinene kuti zimene zikuchitikazi ndi zoyenera kapena zolakwika. Udindo wathu monga nzika za dziko la Italy komanso monga Akhristu n’kuthandiza asilikali athu kuti apambane.’ Pa 21 October, bishopu wa ku Padua analemba kuti, ‘M’nthawi yovuta imene tili ino, tikukupemphani kuti muzikhulupirira atsogoleri a dziko lathu komanso asilikali athu.’ Pa 24 October, bishopu wa ku Cremona anadalitsa mbendera zingapo za magulu a asilikali. Iye ananenanso kuti: ‘Mulungu adalitse asilikaliwa, amene akupita kukagonjetsa ndi kukatenga mayiko achonde a ku Africa kuti azilamuliridwa ndi dziko lathu la Italy. Zimenezi zithandiza kuti anthu a m’mayikowo aphunzire chikhalidwe chathu chachiroma komanso chachikhristu. Tikufuna kuti dziko la Italy liyambirenso kuphunzitsa anthu Chikhristu padziko lonse.’”
16 Atsogoleri a chipembedzo cha Katolika anadalitsa asilikali a dziko la Italy amene ankapita kukalanda dziko la Abyssinia. Kodi atsogoleri amenewa anganene mwanjira iliyonse kuti ali ngati mtumwi Paulo, amene ananena kuti anali “woyera pa mlandu wa magazi a anthu onse”?—Machitidwe 20:26.
17. Kodi dziko la Spain linakumana ndi mavuto otani chifukwa choti atsogoleri a zipembedzo m’dzikolo analephera ‘kusula malupanga awo kuti akhale makasu a pulawo’?
17 Kuwonjezera pa mayiko a Germany, Italy, ndi Abyssinia, dziko lina limene linakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha dama la Babulo Wamkulu ndi la Spain. Nkhondo yapachiweniweni imene inachitika m’dzikoli mu 1936 mpaka mu 1939, mwa zina inayambika chifukwa chakuti boma la demokalase m’dzikoli linkafuna kuchepetsa mphamvu zambiri zimene tchalitchi cha Katolika chinali nazo. Nkhondoyi itangoyamba kumene, Franco, amene anali mtsogoleri wakatolika wa asilikali oukira boma, anadzipatsa dzina lakuti “Mkulu wa Asilikali Wachikhristu Wotsogolera pa Nkhondo Yoyera” koma kenako dzinali analisiya. Anthu masauzande ambirimbiri a ku Spain anafa pa nkhondoyi. Kuwonjezera pamenepa, malinga ndi zimene anthu ena ananena, chipani cha Nationalist chomwe mtsogoleri wake anali Franco, chinapha anthu 40,000 a chipani cha Popular Front. Ndipo chipani cha Popular Front chinapha atsogoleri a chipembedzo okwana 8,000, omwe anali ansembe, masisitere ndi anthu ena ophunzira unsembe ndi usisitere. Awa ndi ena mwa mavuto amene nkhondo yapachiweniweni imabweretsa, ndipo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti n’chinthu chanzeru kutsatira mawu a Yesu, akuti: “Bwezera lupanga lako m’chimake, pakuti onse ogwira lupanga adzafa ndi lupanga.” (Mateyu 26:52) N’zochititsa manyazi kwambiri kuti Matchalitchi Achikhristu ankalowerera nkhondo zoopsa zoterezi, zomwe zinapha anthu ochuluka zedi. Atsogoleri awo alephereratu ‘kusula malupanga awo kuti akhale makasu a pulawo.’—Yesaya 2:4.
Amalonda Oyendayenda
18. Kodi “amalonda oyendayenda a padziko lapansi” ndani?
18 Kodi “amalonda oyendayenda a padziko lapansi” ndani? Mosakayikira amenewa ndi anthu amene masiku ano akuyendetsa mabizinezi akuluakulu padzikoli. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuchita mabizinezi ovomerezeka n’kulakwa. Baibulo limapereka malangizo anzeru kwa anthu amalonda, ndipo limawachenjeza kuti ayenera kupewa chinyengo, dyera ndi makhalidwe ena oipa. (Miyambo 11:1; Zekariya 7:9, 10; Yakobo 5:1-5) Ndipotu munthu amapindula kwambiri ngati ali ‘wodzipereka kwa Mulungu limodzi ndi kukhala wokhutira ndi zimene ali nazo.’ (1 Timoteyo 6:6, 17-19) Koma dziko la Satanali silitsatira mfundo zolungama. Chinyengo chili ponseponse, ndipo chikupezeka m’zipembedzo, m’ndale ndiponso pakati pa anthu ochita mabizinezi akuluakulu m’dzikoli. Nthawi ndi nthawi, anthu ofalitsa nkhani amafalitsa nkhani zokhudza katangale wosiyanasiyana, monga zoti akuluakulu a boma aba ndalama zochuluka zedi, kapenanso za anthu amene amagula ndi kugulitsa zida zankhondo mophwanya malamulo.
19. Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zokhudza chuma cha m’dzikoli zimene zikutithandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake buku la Chivumbulutso likusonyeza kuti amalonda a padziko lapansi ali m’gulu la anthu ochita zoipa?
19 Mayiko padziko lonse amawononga ndalama zoposa madola 1,000 biliyoni pa malonda a zida zankhondo chaka chilichonse, pamene anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri akuvutika chifukwa chosowa zinthu zofunikira pamoyo wawo. Zimenezi n’zoipa kwambiri. Koma zikuoneka kuti chuma cha padziko lonse chimadalira kwambiri malonda a zida zankhondo. Mwachitsanzo, pa April 11, 1987, nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala ina (Spectator) ya ku London inati: “Anthu amene akugwira ntchito m’makampani opanga zida zankhondo mwachindunji, ku United States alipo okwana 400,000 ndipo ku Ulaya alipo 750,000. Koma n’zodabwitsa kuti pamene chuma cha makampani opanga zida zankhondo chikuyenda bwino padziko lonse, anthu saganizira n’komwe ngati opanga zidawo ali otetezeka.” Mayiko padziko lonse amapeza phindu lalikulu akagulitsa mabomba ndi zida zina, ngakhale kwa anthu amene angathe kukhala adani awo. N’kutheka kuti tsiku lina mabomba amenewo angadzagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nkhondo yoopsa imene ingawononge anthu ogulitsa mabombawo, ngakhale kuti sayembekezera zimenezi. Kuwonjezera pamenepa, padzikoli pakuchitika malonda achinyengo a zida zankhondo. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States kokha, malinga ndi nyuzipepala ija, “chaka chilichonse zida zankhondo za asilikali a dzikoli za ndalama zokwana madola 900 miliyoni zimasowa mosadziwika bwino.” Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti buku la Chivumbulutso likusonyeza kuti amalonda a padziko lapansi ali m’gulu la anthu ochita zinthu zoipa.
20. Kodi ndi chitsanzo chiti chimene chikusonyeza kuti zipembedzo zikuchita nawo zachinyengo pa nkhani za malonda?
20 Monga momwe mngelo waulemerero uja ananenera, zipembedzo zikuchita nawo kwambiri chinyengo pa nkhani za malonda. Mwachitsanzo, atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican anakhudzidwa ndi kugwa kwa banki inayake ya ku Italy (Banco Ambrosiano) mu 1982. Mlandu wokhudza kugwa kwa bankiyi unatenga zaka zambiri m’ma 1980, ndipo funso lakuti, Kodi ndalamazo zinapita kuti?, linali lisanayankhidwebe. Mu February 1987 oweruza milandu ku Milan m’dziko la Italy analamula kuti atsogoleri atatu a Katolika ku Vatican amangidwe, kuphatikizapo bishopu wamkulu wochokera ku America. Oweruzawa analamula zimenezi chifukwa chakuti atsogoleri a Katolikawo anali m’gulu la anthu amene anachita katangale kuti bankiyo igwe. Koma akuluakulu a Katolika ku Vatican anakana kupereka anthuwo kuti akaimbidwe mlandu. Mu July 1987, khoti lalikulu kwambiri la ku Italy linathetsa mlanduwo chifukwa cha pangano limene atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican anasainirana ndi dziko la Italy, ngakhale kuti anthu ankachita zionetsero poipidwa kwambiri ndi zimenezi.
21. Tikudziwa bwanji kuti Yesu sankachita nawo mabizinezi okayikitsa pamene anali padziko lapansi, koma kodi masiku ano zipembedzo zachibabulo zikuchita chiyani?
21 Kodi Yesu ankachita nawo mabizinezi okayikitsa pamene anali padziko lapansi? Ayi. Ndipotu iye analibe ngakhale katundu aliyense chifukwa analibiretu “poti n’kutsamira mutu wake.” Yesu analangiza wolamulira wina wachinyamata wolemera, kuti: “Kagulitse zinthu zonse zimene uli nazo n’kugawa ndalamazo kwa anthu osauka. Ukatero udzakhala ndi chuma kumwamba, ndiyeno ubwere udzakhale wotsatira wanga.” Amenewatu anali malangizo abwino kwambiri, chifukwa akanathandiza wolamulirayu kuti asakhalenso ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi bizinezi. (Luka 9:58; 18:22) Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kawirikawiri zipembedzo zachibabulo zimachita nawo mabizinezi akuluakulu osayenera. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1987 nyuzipepala ina (Albany Times Union) inanena kuti mkulu woyang’anira chuma cha tchalitchi chachikulu cha Katolika ku Miami, m’chigawo cha Florida, m’dziko la United States, anavomereza kuti tchalitchichi chili ndi masheya m’makampani opanga zida zankhondo za nyukiliya, mafilimu olaula ndi achiwawa, ndiponso fodya.
“Tulukani mwa Iye Anthu Anga”
22. (a) Kodi mawu ochokera kumwamba anati chiyani? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu a Mulungu anasangalala mu 537 B.C.E. ndi mu 1919 C.E.?
22 Mawu otsatira a Yohane akusonyeza kufanana kwina kwa Babulo wakale ndi Babulo Wamkulu pokwaniritsa maulosi. Iye anati: “Ndipo ndinamva mawu ena kumwamba, akuti: ‘Tulukani mwa iye anthu anga, ngati simukufuna kugawana naye machimo ake, ndiponso ngati simukufuna kulandira nawo ina ya miliri yake.’” (Chivumbulutso 18:4) M’maulosi onena za kugwa kwa Babulo wakale a m’Malemba Achiheberi, mulinso lamulo la Yehova lopita kwa anthu ake lakuti: “Thawani m’Babulo.” (Yeremiya 50:8, 13) Mofanana ndi zimenezi, pamene tikuyembekezera kuwonongedwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu, masiku ano anthu a Mulungu akulimbikitsidwa kuti athawe mu Babulomo. Mu 537 B.C.E., Aisiraeli okhulupirika anasangalala kwambiri atapeza mpata wotuluka mu Babulo. Nawonso anthu a Mulungu a masiku ano anasangalala kwambiri atamasulidwa mu ukapolo wa ku Babulo Wamkulu mu 1919. (Chivumbulutso 11:11, 12) Kuchokera pa nthawi imeneyi, anthu enanso mamiliyoni ambirimbiri amvera lamulo loti atuluke mu Babulo.
23. Kodi mawu ochokera kumwamba anasonyeza bwanji kuti m’pofunika kutuluka mwamsanga mu Babulo Wamkulu?
23 Kodi m’pofunikadi kuti munthu atuluke mwamsanga mu Babulo Wamkulu n’kulekaniranatu ndi zipembedzo zonyenga za m’dzikoli? Inde m’pofunika kutero, chifukwa tikufunika kumaona Babulo Wamkulu ameneyu, yemwe ndi zipembedzo zonse zonyansa kwambiri zimene zakhalapo kuyambira kalekale, ngati mmene Mulungu amamuonera. Mulungu ananena mosapita m’mbali kuti Babulo Wamkulu ndi hule lalikulu. Ndiyeno mawu ochokera kumwamba aja anapitiriza kuuza Yohane mfundo zina zokhudza hule limeneli, kuti: “Pakuti machimo ake aunjikana mpaka kumwamba, ndipo Mulungu wakumbukira zochita zake zopanda chilungamo. M’bwezereni monga mmene iye anachitira. M’chitireni mowirikiza kawiri. Ndithu, wirikizani kawiri zinthu zimene iyeyo anachita. M’kapu imene anaikamo chakumwa chosakaniza, ikanimo chakumwa chakecho kuwirikiza kawiri. Pa muyezo umene anadzipezera ulemerero ndi kusangalala ndi chuma mopanda manyazi, pa muyezo womwewo mumuzunze ndi kumuliritsa. Pakuti mumtima mwake akumanena kuti, ‘Ine ndine mfumukazi. Sindine mkazi wamasiye, ndipo sindidzalira ngakhale pang’ono.’ Ndiye chifukwa chake m’tsiku limodzi, miliri yake idzafika. Miliri yakeyo ndiyo imfa, kulira, ndi njala. Ndipo adzanyekeratu ndi moto chifukwa Yehova Mulungu, amene anamuweruza, ndi wamphamvu.”—Chivumbulutso 18:5-8.
24. (a) Kodi anthu a Mulungu akuyenera kutuluka mu Babulo Wamkulu kuti apewe chiyani? (b) Kodi amene sanatuluke mu Babulo Wamkulu ndiye kuti akugawana naye machimo ati?
24 Mawu amenewa ndi amphamvudi ndipo tikufunika kuchitapo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, Yeremiya analimbikitsa Aisiraeli a m’nthawi yake kuti achitepo kanthu. Iye anati: “Thawani ndi kutuluka m’Babulo. . . . Ino ndi nthawi yoti Yehova amubwezere chilango. Mulungu abwezera Babulo mogwirizana ndi zochita zake. Tulukani mwa iye anthu anga, ndipo aliyense wa inu apulumutse moyo wake ku mkwiyo wa Yehova woyaka moto.” (Yeremiya 51:6, 45) Masiku anonso mawu ochokera kumwamba akuchenjeza anthu a Mulungu kuti atuluke mu Babulo Wamkulu n’cholinga choti asalandire ina ya miliri yake. Ziweruzo zokhala ngati miliri zimene Yehova adzapereke ku dzikoli, kuphatikizapo kwa Babulo Wamkulu, tsopano zikulengezedwa. (Chivumbulutso 8:1–9:21; 16:1-21) Anthu a Mulungu akufunika kulekana ndi zipembedzo zonyenga ngati sakufuna kuti akhudzidwe ndi miliri imeneyi ndiponso ngati sakufuna kuphedwa pamodzi ndi Babulo Wamkulu. Komanso akapitirizabe kukhala m’Babulo Wamkulu, ndiye kuti akugawana naye machimo ake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwonso angakhale ndi mlandu umene iye ali nawo wochita chigololo chauzimu komanso wokhetsa magazi a “onse amene anaphedwa padziko lapansi.”—Chivumbulutso 18:24; yerekezerani ndi Aefeso 5:11; 1 Timoteyo 5:22.
25. Kodi anthu a Mulungu anatuluka bwanji mu Babulo wakale?
25 Koma kodi anthu a Mulungu angatuluke bwanji m’Babulo Wamkulu? Ayuda amene anatuluka mu Babulo wakale, anafunikira kuyenda ulendo wautali kuchokera mumzinda wa Babulo ndi kubwerera ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Koma panali zinanso zimene anafunikira kuchita. Yesaya anauza Aisiraeliwo mu ulosi wake kuti: “Tembenukani! Tembenukani! Tulukani mmenemo! Musakhudze chinthu chilichonse chodetsedwa. Chokani pakati pake! Khalani oyera, inu amene mukunyamula ziwiya za Yehova.” (Yesaya 52:11) N’zoonadi, Aisiraeli ankafunika kusiya miyambo ndi zinthu zonse zoipa zokhudzana ndi chipembedzo cha ku Babulo zimene zikanachititsa kuti kulambira kwawo kwa Yehova kukhale kodetsedwa.
26. Kodi Akhristu a ku Korinto anamvera bwanji mawu akuti, ‘Tulukani pakati pawo ndipo musakhudze chinthu chodetsedwa’?
26 M’kalata imene mtumwi Paulo analembera Akorinto, iye anagwira mawu a Yesaya ndipo anati: “Musamangidwe m’goli ndi osakhulupirira, chifukwa ndinu osiyana. Pali ubale wotani pakati pa chilungamo ndi kusamvera malamulo? Kapena pali kugwirizana kotani pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima? . . . ‘Choncho tulukani pakati pawo, lekanani nawo,’ watero Yehova. ‘Musakhudze chinthu chodetsedwa.’” Akhristu a ku Korinto sanafunikire kutuluka mumzindawu pofuna kumvera lamuloli. Komabe, anafunika kupewa kupita ku akachisi oipa a chipembedzo chonyenga. Komanso anafunika kupeweratu miyambo ndi zinthu zoipa zimene anthu olambira mafanowo ankachita, zomwe zikanatha kuwadetsa mwauzimu. Mu 1919, anthu a Mulungu anayamba kutuluka mu Babulo Wamkulu mwanjira imeneyi, ndipo anadziyeretsa ndi kusiya miyambo ndi ziphunzitso zilizonse zoipa zimene ankazikhulupirirabe. Atachita zimenezi iwo anayamba kutumikira Mulungu monga anthu ake oyeretsedwa.—2 Akorinto 6:14-17;1 Yohane 3:3.
27. Kodi chiweruzo cha Babulo wakale chikufanana bwanji ndi cha Babulo Wamkulu?
27 Babulo wakale anagwa ndi kuwonongedwa polangidwa chifukwa cha machimo ake, ‘pakuti chiweruzo chake chinafika kumwamba.’ (Yeremiya 51:9) Mofanana ndi zimenezi, machimo a Babulo Wamkulu “aunjikana mpaka kumwamba” kutanthauza kuti Yehova akuona zimenezi. Babulo Wamkulu ali ndi mlandu wochita zinthu mopanda chilungamo, kupembedza mafano, chiwerewere, kupondereza anthu, kuba komanso kupha anthu. Mwa zina, kugwa kwa Babulo wakale kunali chilango chimene anapatsidwa chifukwa cha zimene anachitira kachisi wa Yehova ndi olambira ake oona. (Yeremiya 50:8, 14; 51:11, 35, 36) Mofanana ndi zimenezi, kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu ndiponso kuwonongedwa kwake m’tsogolo muno, n’chilango chifukwa cha zinthu zoipa zimene wachita kwa zaka zambiri kwa anthu amene akulambira Mulungu m’njira yoyenera. Ndipotu kuwonongedwa kwake komaliza kudzakhala chiyambi cha “tsiku lobwezera la Mulungu wathu.”—Yesaya 34:8-10; 61:2; Yeremiya 50:28.
28. Kodi Yehova adzatsatira mfundo iti yolungama poweruza Babulo Wamkulu, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani adzachite zimenezi?
28 Potsatira Chilamulo cha Mose, Mwisiraeli amene wabera mnzake ankafunika kulipira zinthu zosachepera kuwirikiza kawiri pa zimene anabazo. (Ekisodo 22:1, 4, 7, 9) Pamene Babulo Wamkulu azidzawonongedwa m’tsogolo muno, Yehova adzatsatira mfundo yolungama yofanana ndi imeneyi. Chiweruzo cha Babulo Wamkulu chidzakhala chowirikiza kawiri pa zimene wachitira anthu ena. Iye sadzachitiridwa chifundo chifukwa chakuti nayenso sakuchitira chifundo anthu amene akuwazunza. Iye akudyera anthu masuku pamutu padziko lapansi pofuna kupitiriza “kusangalala ndi chuma mopanda manyazi.” Koma posachedwapa iye azunzika ndiponso alira. Babulo wakale ankaona kuti ndi wotetezeka kwambiri, ndipo modzikuza ankanena kuti: “Sindidzakhala wamasiye ndipo ana anga sadzafa.” (Yesaya 47:8, 9, 11) Nayenso Babulo Wamkulu amaona kuti ndi wotetezeka. Koma chiwonongeko chake, chimene chidzaperekedwe ndi Yehova amene “ndi wamphamvu,” chidzachitika mofulumira kwambiri, ngati chachitika “m’tsiku limodzi.”
[Bokosi patsamba 263]
“Mafumu . . . Anachita Naye Dama”
Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, amalonda a ku Ulaya ankazembetsa mankhwala ambiri osokoneza bongo n’kumawatumiza ku China. Pofuna kuthetsa malonda osavomerezekawa, mu March 1839, akuluakulu a boma la China analanda mabokosi 20,000 a mankhwalawa kwa amalonda a ku Britain. Zimenezi zinasokoneza ubale wa dziko la Britain ndi China. Ubale wapakati pa mayikowa utapitiriza kuipiraipira, amishonale ena achipulotesitanti ananena mawu ngati ali m’munsiwa, polimbikitsa dziko la Britain kuti liyambitse nkhondo:
“Ine ndikusangalala kwambiri ndi mavuto amenewa chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti boma la England likwiya kwambiri ndipo Mulungu, mwa mphamvu zake, achotsa chilichonse chimene chikulepheretsa kuti uthenga wabwino wa Khristu ufike m’dziko la China.”—Henrietta Shuck, mmishonale wa tchalitchi cha Southern Baptist.
Kenako nkhondo inayambika, ndipo masiku ano nkhondoyi imadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Nkhondo ya Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo. Ndi mtima wonse, amishonale analimbikitsa dziko la Britain pa nkhondoyi ponena mawu ngati otsatirawa:
“Ndikukakamizika kuona kuti zimene zikuchitikazi si nkhani yongokhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena anthu a ku England. Koma zikugwirizana ndi cholinga chachikulu cha Mulungu chakuti kuipa kwa anthu kukwaniritse chifuniro chake chosonyeza chifundo kwa anthu a ku China, pothetsa khalidwe lodzipatula la dzikoli.”—Peter Parker, mmishonale wa tchalitchi cha Congregationalist.
Mmishonale wina wa tchalitchi cha Congregationalist, dzina lake Samuel W. Williams ananena kuti: “Dzanja la Mulungu likuonekera pa zinthu zonse zosayembekezereka zimene zikuchitikazi, ndipo sitikukayikira kuti amene ananena kuti anabweretsa lupanga padziko lapansi, wafika kuno ndipo cholinga chake n’choti awononge adani ake mofulumira n’kukhazikitsa ufumu wake. Iye apitiriza kugonjetsa adani ake mpaka adzakhazikitse Kalonga wa Mtendere.”
Ponena za kuphedwa mwankhanza kwa anthu ambiri a ku China, mmishonale wina dzina lake J. Lewis Shuck analemba kuti: “Ndikuona kuti zimenezi . . . akuchititsa ndi Ambuye pofuna kuchotsa zinyalala zimene zikulepheretsa kuti Choonadi cha Mulungu chifalikire.”
Mmishonale winanso wa tchalitchi cha Congregationalist, dzina lake Elijah C. Bridgman ananena kuti: “Kawirikawiri Mulungu amagwiritsa ntchito maboma amphamvu pokonza njira yobweretsera ufumu wake . . . Pa nthawi zofunika zimenezi, anthu ndi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mphamvu zake zimachokera kwa Mulungu. Bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa mayiko onse akugwiritsa ntchito dziko la England polanga ndi kukhaulitsa dziko la China.”—Mawu onsewa akuchokera m’nkhani yakuti “Zolinga Komanso Njira Zokwaniritsira Zolingazo,” yomwe inalembedwa ndi Stuart Creighton Miller mu 1974, ndipo inasindikizidwa m’buku lakuti The Missionary Enterprise in China and America (a Harvard Study edited by John K. Fairbank).
[Bokosi patsamba 264]
‘Amalonda Oyendayenda Analemera’
“Kuchokera m’chaka cha 1929 mpaka pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, [Bernadino] Nogara [amene anali mkulu woyang’anira chuma cha ku Vatican] anatenga ndalama za ku Vatican n’kuzilowetsa m’mabizinezi osiyanasiyana a ku Italy. Anatenganso anthu a ku Vatican kuti akagwire ntchito m’mabizineziwo, omwe ambiri anali okhudzana ndi magetsi, matelefoni, mabanki, ntchito za njanji zing’onozing’ono ndiponso zopanga zipangizo zaulimi, simenti ndi nsalu. Ambiri mwa mabizineziwa anamupindulira kwambiri.
“Nogara anagula makampani osiyanasiyana a ku Italy. (La Società Italiana della Viscosa, La Supertessile, La Società Meridionale Industrie Tessili, ndi La Cisaraion.) Iye anaphatikiza makampani amenewa n’kupanga kampani imodzi yotchedwa CISA-Viscosa, ndipo anasankha munthu wina dzina lake Baron Francesco Maria Oddasso kuti aziyang’anira kampaniyi. Iyeyu anali mmodzi mwa anthu odalirika kwambiri ogwira ntchito zosakhudzana ndi zachipembedzo ku Vatican. Kenako Nogara anakonza zoti kampani yatsopanoyi igulidwe ndi kampani ya SNIA-Viscosa, yomwe inali kampani yaikulu kwambiri yopanga nsalu ku Italy. Patapita nthawi, masheya a atsogoleri a Katolika a ku Vatican anachuluka kwambiri mu kampani ya SNIA-Viscosa ndipo kenako kampaniyi inakhala m’manja mwawo. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi woti Baron Oddasso anakhala wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa kampaniyi.
“Umu ndi mmene Nogara anatengera bizinezi yopanga nsalu ku Italy. Nogara analowereranso m’mabizinezi ena chifukwa anali kathyali pa nkhani za malonda. Zikuoneka kuti munthu wosadzikondayu . . . anachita zambiri kuti chuma cha dziko la Italy chiziyenda bwino kuposa munthu aliyense wabizinezi m’dzikoli . . . Benito Mussolini sanakwanitse kulamulira mayiko ambiri ngati mmene ankaganizira, koma anathandiza atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican komanso Bernadino Nogara kuti akhale ndi mphamvu zambiri pa nkhani za malonda.”—The Vatican Empire, lolembedwa ndi Nino Lo Bello, tsamba 71 mpaka 73.
Ichi n’chitsanzo chimodzi chokha chosonyeza kuti amalonda a padziko lapansi amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Babulo Wamkulu. M’pake kuti amalonda amenewa adzalira mnzawo wochita naye malondayu akadzawonongedwa.
[Chithunzi patsamba 259]
Pamene anthu ankabalalika padziko lonse lapansi kuchoka ku Babulo, anapita ndi chipembedzo cha ku Babuloko
[Zithunzi patsamba 261]
Akhristu odzozedwa, omwe ali ngati mlonda, akulengeza kuti Babulo wagwa
[Chithunzi patsamba 266]
Mabwinja a Babulo wakale akusonyeza kuti Babulo Wamkulu nayenso adzawonongedwa