Madeti
Tanthauzo: Madeti amasonyeza nthaŵi pa imene zinthu zimachitika. Baibulo limatchula madeti mowagwirizanitsa ndi nthaŵi yamoyo wa anthu ena, nyengo mu imene olamulira akutiakuti anali kulamulira, kapena zochitika zina zodziŵika. Ali ndi kaŵerengedwe kokha kokwanira kubwerera mmbuyo mpaka ku nthaŵi ya kulengedwa kwa Adamu. Kuŵerenga zaka kwa Baibulo kunatchulanso molunjika pasadakhale nthaŵi pamene zochitika zina zofunika m’kukwaniritsidwa kwa chifuno cha Mulungu zikakhalapo. Kalendala ya Gregory, imene tsopano iri yotchuka m’mbali yaikulu ya dziko, sinayambe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kufikira 1582. M’magwero audziko muli kusagwirizana pamadeti otchulidwa a zochitika m’mbiri yakale. Komabe, madeti ena ovomerezeka , monga 539 B.C.E. kukhala kugwa kwa Babulo, ndipo chifukwa chake 537 B.C.E. kukhala chaka cha kubwerera kwa Ayuda kuchokera ku ukapolo, ngotsimikiziridwa bwino. (Ezra 1:1-3) Kugwiritsira ntchito madeti otero monga poyambira, kumakhozetsa kufotokoza pamakalendala amakono madeti a zochitika zakale za Baibulo.
Kodi asayansi atsimikizira kuti anthu akhala ali padziko lapansi kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, osati zaka zikwi zingapo zokha monga momwe Baibulo likusonyezera?
Njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi asayansi kudziŵira madeti zazikidwa pa kuyerekezera kumene kungakhale kothandiza koma kaŵirikaŵiri kungachititse zotulukapo zotsutsana kwambiri. Chotero, madeti amene iwo amapereka amakonzedwa mosalekeza.
Lipoti lina mu New Scientist ya March 18, 1982, limati: “‘Ndikuzizwa kukhulupirira kuti nthaŵi yochepa yonga chaka chimodzi chapita ndinalankhula mawu omwe ndinanenawo.’ Anatero Richard Leakey, pamaso pa omvetsera abwinobwino ku Royal Institution pankhani yamadzulo Lachisanu latha. Anali atafika kudzaulula kuti chidziŵitso chovomeredwa, chimene anali atachirikiza posachedwapa m’mipambo yake ya nkhani za televizhoni za BBC The Making of Mankind, chinali mwinamwake cholakwa m’mbali zingapo zazikulu.’ Kwakukulukulu, iye tsopano akuwona kholo lakale koposa lamunthu kukhala la zaka zocheperapo pang’ono kuposa zaka mamiliyoni 15-20 zonenedwa motsimikizira pa televizhoni.”—P. 695.
Panthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, njira zatsopano za kuŵerengera zaka zimatulukiridwa. Kodi zimenezi nzodalirika motani? Ponena za imodzi ya njirazo yodziŵika monga thermoluminescence (kuŵerengedwa mwanthaŵi ya kutentha kochititsidwa ndi rediyeshoni), The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1976, Macropædia, Vol. 5, p. 509) imati: “Kuyembekezera osati kutsimikizirika ndizo zimene kwakulukulu zaphatikizidwa ndi mpangidwe wa kuŵerengera zaka wa thermoluminescence panthaŵi ino.” Ndiponso, Science (August 28, 1981, p. 1003) ikusimba kuti mafupa osonyeza msinkhu wa zaka 70 000 wa mpangidwe wa kusintha kwa amino acid anapereka kokha zaka 8 300 kapena 9 000 mwa kuŵerengera ndi radioactive.
Popular Science (November 1979, p. 81) ikusimba kuti katswiri wophunzira zinthu zowoneka Robert Gentry “amakhulupirira kuti zaka zonse zotulukiridwa ndi kuvunda kochititsidwa ndi radioactive zingakhale zolakwa—osati kokha ndi zaka zoŵerengeka, koma ndi zambirimbiri.” Nkhaniyo ikusonyeza kuti zimene anatulukira zingachititse kunena kuti “mmalo mwakuti munthu akhale atayamba kuyenda padziko lapansi kwa zaka mamiliyoni 3.6, angakhale atakhalako kwa zaka zikwi zoŵerengeka zokha.”
Komabe, kuyenera kudziŵika kuti asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zaka zimene dziko lenilenilo lakhala liriko nzochuluka kwambiri kuposa zaka zakukhalako kwa munthu. Baibulo silimatsutsa zimenezo.
Kodi zaka zakubadwa za anthu Chigumula chisanafike monga momwe zafotokozedwera m’Baibulo, zinapimidwa mogwirizana ndi zaka zimodzimodzizo zimene timagwiritsira ntchito?
Ngati kunalingaliridwa kuti “zaka” ziyenera kukhala zinali zofanana ndi miyezi yathu, pamenepo Enoshi anabala mwana pamene anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, ndipo Kenani anali ndi zaka zisanu zokha pamene anabala mwana wamwamuna. (Gen. 5:9, 12) Mwachiwonekere, zimenezo, nzosatheka.
Kuŵerenga zaka kwatsatanetsatane koperekedwa ponena za Chigumula kumasonyeza utali wa miyezi ndi zaka zogwiritsiridwa ntchito panthaŵiyo. Kuyerekezera Genesis 7:11, 24 ndi 8:3, 4 kumasonyeza kuti miyezi isanu (kuchokera pa 17 pa mwezi wa 2 kufikira pa 17 pa mwezi wa 7) anali amasiku okwanira 150, kapena miyezi isanu ya masiku 30. Kutchulidwa kwachindunji kwapangidwa kwa “mwezi wakhumi” ndi m’nyengo zina kuposa pamenepo chaka chotsatira chisanafike. (Gen. 8:5, 6, 8, 10, 12-14) Mwachiwonekere, zaka zawo zinapangidwa ndi miyezi khumi ndi iŵiri ya masiku 30. Kuchiyambi kwenikweni, kalendala ya mwezi weniweni inasinthidwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kukhala ndi utali wa kalendala yadzuŵa, monga momwe kwasonyezedwera ndi kuchitidwa kwa mapwando anyengo ndi nyengo a Israyeli a kututa pamadeti otsimikizirika. Mwanjirayo mapwandowo anapitirizabe kuchitikira panyengo zoyenerera.—Lev. 23:39.
Kumbukirani kuti Mulungu anapanga anthu kukhala ndi moyo kosatha. Unali uchimo wa Adamu umene unatsogolera ku imfa. (Gen. 2:17; 3:17-19; Aroma 5:12) Awo okhala ndi moyo Chigumula chisanakhale anali oyandikira kwambiri ku ungwiro kuposa mmene tiriri lerolino, chotero anakhala ndi moyo nthaŵi yotalikirapo kwambiri. Koma aliyense anafa mkati mwa zaka chikwi.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Mboni za Yehova zimanena kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1914?
Mipambo iŵiri ya umboni imasonya ku chaka chimenecho: (1) Kuŵerengera zaka Kwabaibulo ndi (2) zochitika kuyambira 1914 m’kukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi. Panopa tidzapenda kuŵerengera zaka. Kaamba ka kukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi, wonani mutu waukulu wakuti “Masiku Otsiriza.”
Ŵerengani Danieli 4:1-17. Mavesi 20-37 amasonyeza kuti ulosiwu unali utakwaniritsidwa pa Nebukadinezara. Koma ulinso ndi kukwaniritsidwa kokulirapo. Kodi timadziŵa bwanji zimenezo? Vesi 3 ndi 17 limasonyeza kuti loto limene Mulungu analotetsa Mfumu Nebukadinezara liri ndi zochita ndi Ufumu wa Mulungu ndi lonjezo la Mulungu la kuupereka kwa ‘iye amene afuna . . . ngakhale wochepetsetsa koposa mwa anthu.’ Baibulo lathunthu limasonyeza kuti chifuno cha Yehova kaamba ka Mwana wa iye mwini, Yesu Kristu, nchakuti alamulire monga woimira Wake paanthu. (Sal. 2:1-8; Dan. 7:13, 14; 1 Akor. 15:23-25; Chiv. 11:15; 12:10) Malongosoledwe a Baibulo onena za Yesu amasonyeza kuti iye analidi ‘wochepetsetsa koposa mwa anthu.’ (Afil. 2:7, 8; Mat. 11:28-30) Pamenepa, loto loloseralo, limasonya kunthaŵi pamene Yehova akapatsa ulamuliro pa anthu kwa Mwana wake.
Kodi nchiyani chimene chinayenera kuchitika panthaŵiyo ino? Ulamuliro pa anthu, monga momwe unaimiriridwa ndi mtengo ndi chitsa chake, ukakhala ndi “mtima wonga wanyama” (Dan. 4:16) Mbiri ya anthu ikalamuliridwa ndi maboma amene anasonyeza mikhalidwe ya zirombo. M’nthaŵi zamakono, kaŵirikaŵiri chimbalangondo chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuimira Rasha; chiombankhanga, United States, mkango, Britain; chinjoka, China. Baibulo limagwiritsiranso ntchito zirombo monga zizindikiro za maboma adziko ndi zadongosolo ladziko lonse la ulamuliro wa anthu losonkhezeredwa ndi Satana. (Dan. 7:2-8, 17, 23; 8:20-22; Chiv. 13:1, 2) Monga momwe Yesu anasonyezera mu ulosi wake wosonya kumapeto adongosolo lazinthu, Yerusalemu ‘adzaponderezedwa ndi amitundu, kufikira nthaŵi zoikidwaratu za amitundu’ zinakwaniritsidwa. (Luka 21:24) “Yerusalemu” anaimira Ufumu wa Mulungu chifukwa chakuti mafumu ake adanenedwa kukhala pa “mphando wachifumu wa ufumu wa Yehova.” (1 Mbiri 28:4, 5; Mat. 5:34, 35) Chotero, maboma a Akunja, oimiridwa ndi zirombo, ‘akapondereza’ kuyenera kwa Ufumu wa Mulungu kwa kuyendetsa zinthu za anthu ndipo iwo eniwo akakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Satana.—Yerekezerani ndi Luka 4:5, 6.
Kodi maboma otero akaloledwa ulamuliro wotere kwautali wotani Yehova asanapereke Ufumuwo kwa Yesu Kristu? Danieli 4:16 amati “nthaŵi zisanu ndi ziŵiri” (“zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri,” AT ndi Mo, ndiponso mawu amtsinde a JB a vesi 13). Baibulo limasonyeza kuti poŵerengera nthaŵi zaulosi, tsiku limaŵerengedwa monga chaka. (Ezek. 4:6; Num. 14:34) Pamenepa, kodi ndi “masiku” angati, akuphatikizidwamo? Chivumbulutso 11:2, 3 chimafotokoza momvekera bwino kuti miyezi 42 (zaka 3 1/2) mu ulosiwo imaŵerengedwa monga masiku 1 260. Zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zikakhala chiŵerengerocho kuŵirikiza kaŵiri, kapena masiku 2 520. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo la “tsiku kaamba ka chaka” kukachititsa zaka 2 520.
Kodi ndiliti pamene “nthaŵi zisanu ndi ziŵiri” zinayamba kuŵerengedwa? Zedekiya, mfumu yotsiriza ya Ufumu wophiphiritsira wa Mulungu, atachotsedwa pa mpando wachifumu wa Yerusalemu ndi Ababulo. (Ezek. 21:25-27) Potsirizira, cha kuchiyambi kwa October wa 607 B.C.E. chisonyezero chotsirizira cha ufumu Wachiyuda chinachoka. Panthaŵiyo bwanamkubwa Wachiyuda, Gedaliya, amene anali atasiyidwa paudindo ndi Ababulo, anaphedwa mwachiwembu, ndipo Ayuda otsala anali atathaŵira ku Igupto. (Yeremiya, mutu 40-43) Kuŵerengera zaka Kwabaibulo kodalirika kumasonyeza kuti izi zinachitika zaka 70 537 B.C.E. isanafike, chaka chimene Ayuda anabwerera kuchokera kuundende; ndiko kuti, zinachitika kuchiyambi kwa October wa 607 B.C.E. (Yer. 29:10; Dan. 9:2; kaamba ka maumboni ena, wonani bukhu lakuti “Let Your Kingdom Come,” tsamba 186-189.)
Nangano, kodi nthaŵiyo imaŵerengedwa motani kudzafika ku 1914? Kuŵerenga zaka 2 520 kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa October wa 607 B.C.E. kukutifikitsa kuchiyambiyambi kwa October wa 1914 C.E., monga momwe kukusonyezedwera patchatipo.
[KUŴERENGA “NTHAŴI ZISANU NDI ZIŴIRI”]
“Nthaŵi zisanu ndi ziŵiri”= 7 × 360 = zaka 2 520
“Nthaŵi” ya Baibulo, kapena chaka = 12 × masiku 30 = 360. (Chiv. 11:2, 3; 12:6, 14)
M’kukwaniritsidwa kwa “nthaŵi zisanu ndi ziŵiri” tsiku lirilonse liri chaka chimodzi. (Ezek. 4:6; Num. 14:34)
Chiyambi cha October, 607 B.C.E., kukafika December 31, 607 B.C.E.= 1/4 ya chaka
January 1, 606 B.C.E., kukafika December 31, 1 B.C.E.= zaka 606
January 1, 1 C.E., kukafika December 31, 1913= zaka 1 913
January 1, 1914, kukafika kuchiyambi kwa October, 1914= zaka 3/4
Chionkhetso: zaka 2 520
Kodi nchiyani chimene chinachitika panthaŵiyo? Yehova anapereka ulamuliro pamtundu wa anthu kwa Mwana wake wa iye mwini, Yesu Kristu, wolemekezedwa kumwambayo.—Dan. 7:13, 14.
Nangano nchifukwa ninji pakali kuipa kochuluka padziko lapansi? Kristu atalongedwa ufumu, Satana ndi ziwanda zake anaponyedwa pansi pano kuchokera kumwamba. (Chiv. 12:12) Kristu monga Mfumu sanapitirize mwamsanga kuwononga onse amene amakana kuvomereza uchifumu wa Yehova ndi wa iye mwini monga Mesiya. Mmalo mwake, monga momwe anali ataneneratu, ntchito yolalikira ya mbulumbwa yonse inali kudzachitidwa. (Mat. 24:14) Monga Mfumu akatsogolera kulekanitsidwa kwa anthu a mitundu yonse, awo otsimikizira kukhala olungama akumapatsidwa chiyembekezo cha moyo wosatha, ndipo oipa akumaperekedwa ku kudulidwa kosatha mu imfa. (Mat. 25:31-46) Panthaŵi ino, mikhalidwe yovutayi yonenedweratu kaamba ka “masiku otsiriza” ikakhala yofala. Monga momwe kwasonyezedwera pansi pamutu wakuti “masiku otsiriza,” zochitika zimenezo zakhala zowonekera bwino lomwe chiyambire 1914. Ziŵalo zotsirizira za mbadwo umene unali wamoyo mu 1914 zisanathe, zinthu zonse zonenedweratu zidzachitika, kupatikizapo “chisautso chachikulu” mu chimene dongosolo loipa la zinthu liripoli zidzatha.—Mat. 24:21, 22, 34.
Kodi mapeto a dziko loipali adzadza liti?
Yesu anayankha kuti: “Ponena za tsikulo ndi ora palibe adziŵa, ngakhale angelo a kumwamba kapena Mwana, koma Atate wakumwamba yekha,” Komabe, iye anatinso: “Zowonatu ndinena kwa inu mbadwo uno [umene unali wamoyo pamene “chizindikiro” cha “masiku otsiriza” chinayamba kukwaniritsidwa] sudzatha wonse zinthu zonsezi zisanachitike.”—Mat. 24:36, 34, NW.
Ndiponso, atatha kufotokoza za zochitika zimene zikatsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ufumuwo mmanja mwa Yesu Kristu mu 1914, Chivumbulutso 12:12, NW chimawonjezera kuti: “Kondwerani inu miyamba ndi inu amene mumakhalamo! Tsoka pamtunda ndi panyanja, chifukwa Mdyerekezi watsikira kwa inu, atakwiya kwambiri, podziŵa kuti watsaliridwa ndi nyengo yanthaŵi yaifupi.”