Mutu 11

Nthaŵi ya Kufika kwa Mesiya Ivumbulidwa

 1. Popeza Yehova ndiye Wosunga Nthaŵi Wamkulu, kodi tiyenera kukhala otsimikiza za chiyani?

YEHOVA ndiye Wosunga Nthaŵi Wamkulu. Nthaŵi ndi nyengo zonse amaziyendetsa mogwirizana ndi ntchito yake. (Machitidwe 1:7) Zochitika zonse zopatsidwa nthaŵi ndi nyengo zimachitikadi. Sizilephera konse.

2, 3. Kodi Danieli anasamalira za ulosi uti, ndipo ndi ufumu uti umene unali kulamulira Babulo panthaŵiyo?

² Monga wophunzira Malemba wakhama, mneneri Danieli anali ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti Yehova amatha kundandalika zochitika ndi kulola kuti zidzachitike. Danieli anaika chidwi makamaka pamaulosi onena za chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu. Yeremiya anali atalemba vumbulutso la Mulungu lonena za utali umene mzinda wopatulikawo ukakhala bwinja, ndipo Danieli anapenda mosamalitsa ulosi umenewo. Iye analemba kuti: “Chaka choyamba cha Dariyo mwana wa Ahaswero, wa mbewu ya Amedi, amene anam’longa mfumu ya Akasidi; chaka choyamba cha ufumu wake, ine Danieli ndinazindikira mwa mabuku kuti chiŵerengero chake cha zaka, chimene mawu a Yehova anadzera nacho kwa Yeremiya mneneri, kunena za makwaniridwe a mapasuko a Yerusalemu, ndizo zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri.”—Danieli 9:1, 2; Yeremiya 25:11.

³ Dariyo Mmedi panthaŵiyo anali kulamulira ‘ufumu wa Akasidi.’ Ulosi umene Danieli anapereka pomasulira mawu olembedwa pakhoma unakwaniritsidwa mofulumira kwambiri. Ufumu wa Babulo kunalibenso. Unali ‘utaperekedwa kwa Amedi ndi Aperisi” mu 539 B.C.E.—Danieli 5:24-28, 30, 31.

DANIELI ACHONDERERA YEHOVA MODZICHEPETSA

 4. (a) Kodi chinali chofunika n’chiyani kuti anthu alanditsidwe ndi Mulungu? (b) Kodi Danieli anam’fikira Yehova m’njira yotani?

⁴ Danieli anazindikira kuti zaka 70 za chipasuko cha Yerusalemu zinali pafupi kutha. Nanga iye tsopano akachita chiyani? Iye akutiuza yekha kuti: “Ndipo ndinaika nkhope yanga kwa Ambuye Mulungu, kum’funsa Iye m’pemphero, ndi mapembedzero ndi kusala, ndi ziguduli, ndi mapulusa. Ndipo ndinapemphera kwa Yehova Mulungu wanga ndi kuvomereza [machimo, NW].” (Danieli 9:3, 4) Panafunikira mtima wolungama kuti anthuwo alanditsidwe mwachifundo ndi Yehova. (Levitiko 26:31-46; 1 Mafumu 8:46-53) Panafunikiranso chikhulupiriro, mzimu wodzichepetsa, ndi kulapa kwathunthu kwa machimo amene anawatengera kundende ndi kuukapolo. M’malo mwa anthu ake ochimwawo, Danieli anam’fikira Mulungu. Motani? Mwa kusala kudya, kulira, ndi kuvala chiguduli, chizindikiro cha kulapa koona mtima.

 5. N’chifukwa chiyani Danieli anali ndi chidaliro chakuti Ayuda akabwerera kudziko lakwawo?

⁵ Ulosi wa Yeremiya unapatsa Danieli chiyembekezo, chifukwa unasonyeza kuti Ayudawo posakhalitsa akabwerera kudziko lakwawo la Yuda. (Yeremiya 25:12; 29:10) Mosakayikira, Danieli anali ndi chidaliro chakuti Ayuda otsenderezedwawo akamasulidwa chifukwa munthu wotchedwa Koresi ndiye anali kulamulira monga mfumu ya Perisiya. Kodi Yesaya sananenere kuti Koresi akagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasula Ayuda kuti akamangenso Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake? (Yesaya 44:28–45:3) Koma kuti zimenezo zikachitika motani, Danieli sanadziŵepo kanthu. Choncho anapitiriza kum’pembedzera Yehova.

 6. Kodi Danieli anavomereza chiyani m’pemphero lake?

⁶ Danieli anatchula za chifundo cha Mulungu ndi kukoma mtima kwake. Modzichepetsa, anavomereza kuti Ayuda anachimwa mwa kupanduka, kufulatira malamulo a Yehova, ndi kunyalanyaza aneneri ake. Moyenerera, Mulungu ‘anawainga iwo chifukwa cha kulakwa kwawo.’ Danieli anapemphera kuti: “Ambuye, kwa ife kuli manyazi a nkhope yathu, kwa mafumu athu, kwa akalonga athu, ndi kwa makolo athu; pakuti takuchimwirani. Ambuye Mulungu wathu ndiye wachifundo, ndi wokhululukira; pakuti tam’pandukira Iye; sitinamvera mawu a Yehova Mulungu wathu, kuyenda m’malamulo ake anatiikirawo pamaso pathu, mwa atumiki ake aneneri. Inde Israyeli yense walakwira chilamulo chanu, ndi kupambuka, kuti asamvere mawu anu; chifukwa chake temberero lathiridwa pa ife, ndi lumbiro lolembedwa m’chilamulo cha Mose mtumiki wa Mulungu; pakuti tam’chimwira.”—Danieli 9:5-11; Eksodo 19:5-8; 24:3, 7, 8.

 7. N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti Yehova anachita moyenera polola Ayuda kutengeredwa kundende?

⁷ Mulungu anali atachenjeza Aisrayeli za zotsatira za kusam’mvera kwawo ndi kunyalanyaza pangano limene iye anapangana nawo. (Levitiko 26:31-33; Deuteronomo 28:15; 31:17) Danieli akuvomereza kachitidwe ka Mulungu, amvekere: “Anakwaniritsa mawu ake adanenawo, kutitsutsa ife ndi oweruza athu otiweruza, ndi kutitengera choipa chachikulu; pakuti pansi pa thambo lonse sipanachitika monga umo panachitikira Yerusalemu. Monga mulembedwa m’chilamulo cha Mose choipa ichi chonse chatidzera; koma sitinapepeza Yehova Mulungu wathu, ndi kubwera kuleka mphulupulu zathu, ndi kuchita mwanzeru m’choonadi chanu. Chifukwa chake Yehova wakhala maso pa choipacho, ndi kutifikitsira icho; pakuti Yehova Mulungu wathu ali wolungama mu ntchito zake zonse azichita; ndipo sitinamvera mawu ake.”—Danieli 9:12-14.

 8. Kodi nkhawa yaikulu ya Danieli ili pachiyani pochonderera kwa Yehova?

⁸ Danieli sakuyesa kuikira kumbuyo machitidwe a anthu a mtundu wake. Iye akuvomereza kuti mtunduwo unayeneradi kutengeredwa kundende, akumati: “Tachimwa, tachita zoipa.” (Danieli 9:15) Komanso nkhaŵa yake sili chabe yongofuna kumasuka ku mavuto ayi. Kuchonderera kwake kuli makamaka chifukwa cha ulemerero ndi ulemu wa Yehova. Mwa kukhululukira Ayudawo ndi kuwabwezera kudziko lakwawo, Mulungu akakwaniritsa lonjezo lake limene analipereka kudzera mwa Yeremiya ndipo akayeretsa dzina Lake loyera. Danieli akuchonderera kuti: “Ambuye, monga mwa chilungamo chanu chonse, mkwiyo wanu ndi ukali wanu zitembenuketu, zichoke ku mudzi wanu Yerusalemu, phiri lanu lopatulika; pakuti mwa zochimwa zathu, ndi mphulupulu za makolo athu, Yerusalemu ndi anthu anu asanduka chotonza cha onse otizungulira.”—Danieli 9:16.

 9. (a) Kodi Danieli akumaliza pemphero lake kwa Yehova ndi mapembedzero otani? (b) Kodi chikusautsa mtima wa Danieli n’chiyani, komabe akulemekeza motani dzina la Mulungu?

⁹ Mwa pemphero lochokera pansi pa mtima, Danieli akupitiriza kuti: “Tsopano, Mulungu wathu, mumvere pemphero la mtumiki wanu, ndi mapembedzero ake, nimuwalitse nkhope yanu pa malo anu opatulika amene ali opasuka, chifukwa cha Ambuye. Mulungu wanga, tcherani khutu, nimumvere, tsegulani maso anu, nimupenye zopasuka zathu, ndi mudzi udatchedwawo dzina lanu; pakuti sititula mapembedzero athu pamaso panu, chifukwa cha ntchito zathu zolungama, koma chifukwa cha zifundo zanu zochuluka. Ambuye, imvani; Ambuye, khululukirani; Ambuye, mverani nimuchite; musachedwa, chifukwa cha inu nokha, Mulungu wanga; pakuti mudzi wanu ndi anthu anu anatchedwa dzina lanu.” (Danieli 9:17-19) Mulungu akanakhala wosakhululuka ndi kusiya anthu ake kundendeko, akumalola mzinda wake wopatulika, Yerusalemu, kukhalabe bwinja mpaka kalekale, kodi mitundu ikanamuona iye kukhaladi Mfumu Yachilengedwe chonse? Kodi sakanaganiza kuti Yehova analibe mphamvu pom’yerekeza ndi mphamvu ya milungu ya Babulo? Inde, dzina la Yehova likananyozeka, ndipo zimenezi zinasautsa mtima wa Danieli. Panthaŵi 19 zimene dzina la Mulungu lakuti Yehova limatchulidwa m’buku la Danieli, nthaŵi 18 limatchulidwa mokhudzana ndi pemphero limeneli!

GABRIELI AKUBWERA MOFULUMIRA

10. (a) Kodi ndani anatumizidwa kwa Danieli, ndipo chifukwa chiyani? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani Danieli anatcha Gabrieli kuti “munthu”?

¹⁰ Danieli ali m’kati mwa pemphero, mngelo Gabrieli akutulukira. Iye akuti: “Danieli iwe, ndatuluka tsopano ine kukuzindikiritsa mwaluntha. Pakuyamba iwe mapembedzero ako, linatuluka lamulo; ndipo ndadza ine kukufotokozera; pakuti ukondedwa kwambiri; zindikira tsono mawu aŵa, nulingirire masomphenyawo.” Koma n’chifukwa chiyani Danieli akutcha mngeloyo kuti “munthu uja Gabrieli”? (Danieli 9:20-23) Eya, pamene Danieli anafuna kuzindikira tanthauzo la loto lake loyambalo la tonde ndi nkhosa yamphongo, wina wa ‘maonekedwe ngati a munthu’ anaonekera kwa iye. Anali mngelo Gabrieli, wotumidwa kuti akapatse Danieli chidziŵitso. (Danieli 8:15-17) Mofananamo, Danieli atatha kupemphera, mngeloyo anam’yandikira pafupi ali ndi maonekedwe onga munthu ndipo analankhula naye mmene munthu amalankhulira ndi mnzake.

11, 12. (a) Ngakhale kuti m’Babulo munalibe kachisi wa Yehova ngakhale guwa la nsembe, kodi Ayuda okhulupirika analemekeza motani nsembe zofunika malingana ndi Chilamulo? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani Danieli anatchedwa ‘wokondedwa kwambiri’?

¹¹ Gabrieli akufika pa “nthaŵi yakupereka nsembe ya madzulo.” Guwa la nsembe la Yehova analiwonongera limodzi ndi kachisi ku Yerusalemu, ndipo Ayudawo anali akaidi kwa Ababulo akunjawo. Choncho, Ayuda a ku Babulowo sanathenso kumapereka nsembe kwa Mulungu. Komabe, panthaŵi zoyenera kupereka nsembe malingana ndi Chilamulo cha Mose, kunali koyenera kwa Ayuda okhulupirika kutamanda Yehova ndi kum’pembedzera m’Babulo. Monga munthu wozama pakudzipereka kwa Mulungu, Danieli anatchedwa ‘wokondedwa kwambiri.’ Yehova, “Wakumva pemphero,” anasangalala naye Danieli, ndipo anatumiza Gabrieli mofulumira kuti akayankhe pemphero la Danieli la chikhulupiriro.—Salmo 65:2.

¹² Ngakhale kuti kupemphera kwa Yehova kunaika moyo wake pachiswe m’mbuyomo, Danieli anapitiriza kupemphera kwa Mulungu katatu patsiku. (Danieli 6:10, 11) Ndiye chifukwa chake Yehova anamuona kukhala munthu wokondeka kwambiri! Kuwonjezera papemphero, kulingirira za Mawu a Mulungu kunam’thandiza Danieli kudziŵa chifuniro cha Yehova. Danieli analimbikira kupemphera ndipo anadziŵa njira yoyenera yom’fikira Yehova kuti amuyankhe mapemphero ake. Iye anagogomeza chilungamo cha Mulungu. (Danieli 9:7, 14, 16) Ndipo ngakhale kuti adani ake sanathe kum’peza cholakwa, Danieli anadziŵa kuti anali wochimwa m’maso mwa Mulungu ndipo sanazengereze kuvomereza uchimo wake.—Danieli 6:4; Aroma 3:23.

“MASABATA MAKUMI ASANU NDI AŴIRI” OTSIRIZA MACHIMO

13, 14. (a) Kodi Gabrieli anaulula uthenga wofunika kwambiri wotani kwa Danieli? (b) Kodi “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” ndi utali wotani, ndipo timadziŵa bwanji zimenezo?

¹³ Danieli wokonda kupempherayo akulandira yankho lochititsa chidwi kwabasi! Yehova sakungom’tsimikizira kuti Ayudawo adzabwezeretsedwa kudziko lakwawo, koma akum’patsanso chidziŵitso pachinthu china chofunikira kwambiri—kuonekera kwa Mesiya wolonjezedwayo. (Genesis 22:17, 18; Yesaya 9:6, 7) Gabrieli akuuza Danieli kuti: “Masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri alamulidwira anthu a mtundu wako ndi mudzi wako wopatulika, kumaliza cholakwacho, ndi kutsiriza machimo, ndi kutetezera mphulupulu, ndi kufikitsa chilungamo chosalekeza, ndi kukhomera chizindikiro masomphenya ndi zonenera, ndi kudzoza malo opatulikitsa. Dziŵa tsono, nuzindikire, kuti kuyambira kutuluka lamulo lakukonzanso, ndi kum’manga Yerusalemu, kufikira wodzozedwayo [“Mesiya,” NW], ndiye kalonga [“Mtsogoleriyo,” NW], kudzakhala masabata asanu ndi aŵiri; ndi masabata makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu aŵiri makwalala ndi chemba zidzamangidwanso, koma mu nthaŵi za mavuto.”—Danieli 9:24, 25.

¹⁴ Umenewu unali uthenga wabwino kwabasi! Sukunena chabe za kumanganso Yerusalemu ndi kuyambiranso kulambira pakachisi watsopano, komanso kuti “Mesiya Mtsogoleriyo” adzaonekera panthaŵi yoikika. Zonsezi zikachitika m’kati mwa “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri.” Popeza kuti Gabrieli sakutchula masiku, masabata ameneŵa si masabata a masiku asanu ndi aŵiri imodzi, amene angakhale masiku 490—okwana chaka chimodzi chokha ndi miyezi inayi. Kumanganso Yerusalemu konenedweratuko ndi “makwalala ndi chemba” kunatenga nthaŵi yaitali kuposa pamenepo. Masabatawo ndi masabata a zaka. Mabaibulo angapo amakono amasonyeza kuti sabata limodzi linali zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo lotchedwa Tanakh—The Holy Scriptures, lofalitsidwa ndi bungwe la The Jewish Publication Society, m’mawu ake am’munsi pa Danieli 9:24 limati: “Masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri a zaka.” Baibulo lotchedwa An American Translation limati: “Masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri alamulidwa kwa anthu ako ndi kwa mzinda wanu woyera.” Mawu ofananawo akupezekanso m’mabaibulo a Moffatt ndi Rotherham.

15. Kodi “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” angagaŵidwe m’nyengo zitatu zotani, ndipo zinayamba liti?

¹⁵ Malinga ndi mawu a mngelo, “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” amenewo angagaŵidwe m’nyengo zitatu. (1) “masabata asanu ndi aŵiri,” (2) “masabata makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu aŵiri,” ndi (3) sabata limodzi. Amenewo amakhala zaka 49, zaka 434, ndi zaka 7—zonse pamodzi zaka 490. Mosangalatsa, Baibulo la The Revised English Bible limati: “Zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kaŵiri, zaŵerengedwa kwa anthu ako ndi mzinda wanu wopatulika.” Pambuyo pa kuvutika kwawo monga andende ku Babulo kwa zaka 70, Ayudawo anayanjidwa mwapadera ndi Mulungu kwa zaka 490, kapena zaka 70 kuchulukitsa ndi 7. Kuŵerengako kuyenera kuyambira panthaŵi ya “kutuluka lamulo lakukonzanso, ndi kum’manga Yerusalemu.” Kodi ndi liti pamenepo?

“MASABATA MAKUMI ASANU NDI AŴIRI” AYAMBA

16. Monga taonera m’lamulo lake, kodi ndi cholinga chotani chimene Koresi anabwezera Ayuda kudziko lakwawo?

¹⁶ Pali zochitika zitatu zofunika kuzipenda ponena za kuyambika kwa “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri.” Choyamba chinachitika mu 537 B.C.E. pamene Koresi anapereka lamulo la kubwezera Ayuda kudziko lakwawo. Lamulolo limati: “Atero Koresi mfumu ya ku Perisiya, Yehova Mulungu Wam’mwamba anandipatsa maufumu onse a pa dziko lapansi, nandilangiza ndim’mangire nyumba m’Yerusalemu, ndiwo m’Yuda. Aliyense mwa inu a anthu ake onse, Mulungu wake akhale naye, akwere kumka ku Yerusalemu, ndiwo m’Yuda, nakaimange nyumba ya Yehova Mulungu wa Israyeli, Iye ndiye Mulungu wokhala m’Yerusalemu. Ndipo aliyense wotsala pamalo paliponse agonerapo iye, anthu a kumalo kwake am’thandize ndi siliva, ndi golidi, ndi zoŵeta, ndi chuma, pamodzi ndi nsembe yaufulu ya kwa nyumba ya Mulungu ili ku Yerusalemu.” (Ezara 1:2-4) Mwachionekere, cholinga chenicheni cha lamulo limeneli chinali kumanganso kachisi—“nyumba ya Yehova”—pamalo ake akalewo.

17. Kodi kalata yopatsidwa kwa Ezara inapereka chifukwa chotani chimene iye anayendera ulendo wopita ku Yerusalemu?

¹⁷ Chochitika chachiŵiri chinali m’chaka chachisanu ndi chiŵiri cha ulamuliro wa Mfumu ya Perisiya, Aritasasta (Aritasasta Longimenasi, mwana wa Sasta 1). Panthaŵiyo, mlembi Ezara anayenda ulendo wa miyezi inayi kuchokera ku Babulo kupita ku Yerusalemu. Iye ananyamula kalata yapadera yochokera kwa mfumu, koma siinali yololeza kumanganso Yerusalemu. M’malo mwake, ntchito ya Ezara inali ‘yokometsera nyumba ya Yehova.’ N’chifukwa chake kalatayo inatchula golidi ndi siliva, zotengera zopatulika, ndi zopereka za tirigu, vinyo, mafuta, ndi mchere zochirikizira kulambira pakachisi, komanso kupatula otumikira kumeneko kuti asamakhome nawo msonkho.—Ezara 7:6-27.

18. Kodi ndi uthenga wotani umene unam’sautsa mtima Nehemiya, ndipo Mfumu Aritasasta anadziŵa bwanji zimenezo?

¹⁸ Chochitika chachitatu chinaoneka patapita zaka 13, m’chaka cha 20 cha Aritasasta, Mfumu ya Perisiya. Panthaŵiyo Nehemiya anali kutumikira monga woperekera chikho ku “Susani ku nyumba ya mfumu.” Yerusalemu anali atamangidwako ndi otsalira ena amene anabwerako ku Babulo. Koma zinthu sizinali bwino kwenikweni. Nehemiya anamva kuti ‘linga la Yerusalemu linapasuka, ndi zipata zake zinatenthedwa ndi moto.’ Zimenezi zinam’khumudwitsa kwambiri, moti mtima wake unagwidwa ndi chisoni chachikulu. Atam’funsa za chisoni chake, Nehemiya anayankha kuti: “Mfumu ikhale ndi moyo kosatha; ilekerenji nkhope yanga kuchita chisoni, popeza pali bwinja kumudzi kuli manda a makolo anga, ndi zipata zake zopsereza ndi moto.”—Nehemiya 1:1-3; 2:1-3.

19. (a) Atafunsidwa ndi Mfumu Aritasasta, kodi Nehemiya anayamba wachita chiyani? (b) Kodi Nehemiya anapemphanji, ndipo anavomereza motani kuloŵerera kwa Mulungu m’nkhaniyo?

¹⁹ Nkhani yonena za Nehemiya ikupitiriza kuti: “Ndipo mfumu inati kwa ine, Ufunanji iwe? Pamenepo ndinapemphera Mulungu wa Kumwamba. Ndipo ndinati kwa mfumu, Chikakomera mfumu, ndi mtima wanu ukakomera kapolo wanu, munditumize ku Yuda ku mudzi wa manda a makolo anga, kuti ndiumange.” Pempho limeneli linakomera Aritasasta, amene analabadiranso pempho lina la Nehemiya lakuti: “Chikakomera mfumu, indipatse akalata kwa ziwanga za tsidya lija la mtsinje [wa Firate], andilole ndipitirire mpaka ndifikira ku Yuda; ndi kalata kwa Asafu wosunga misitu ya mfumu, kuti andipatse mitengo ya mitanda ya ku zipata za linga lili kukachisi, ndi ya linga la mudzi, ndi ya nyumba imene ndidzaloŵamo ine.” Nehemiya anazindikira dzanja la Yehova m’zonsezi, akumati: “Ndipo mfumu inandipatsa [makalata] monga mwa dzanja lokoma la Mulungu londikhalira.”—Nehemiya 2:4-8.

20. (a) Kodi lamulo la ‘kukonzanso ndi kumanganso Yerusalemu’ linayamba liti kwenikweni kugwira ntchito? (b) Kodi “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” anayamba liti, ndipo anatha liti? (c) Kodi pali umboni wotani wosonyeza kulondola kwa madetiwo kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiriwo”?

²⁰ Ngakhale kuti chilolezo chinaperekedwa m’mwezi wa Nisani, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 20 cha Aritasasta, “kutuluka [kwenikweni kwa] lamulo lakukonzanso, ndi kum’manga Yerusalemu” kunachitika patapita miyezi ina. Zimenezi zinachitika pamene Nehemiya anafika mu Yerusalemu ndi kuyamba ntchito yake yokonzanso. Ulendo wa Ezara unatenga miyezi inayi, koma Susani anali pamtunda wa makilomita 322 kum’maŵa kwa Babulo, ndipo unali mtunda wotalikirapo kuchokera ku Yerusalemu. Mwachionekere pamenepa, Nehemiya anafika ku Yerusalemu chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 20 cha Aritasasta, kapena mu 455 B.C.E. Apa m’pamene panayambira “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri,” kapena zaka 490. Anadzathera m’gawo lachiŵiri la chaka cha 36 C.E.—Onani mutu wakuti “Kodi Aritasasta Anayamba Liti Kulamulira?” patsamba 197.

“MESIYA MTSOGOLERIYO” AONEKERA

21. (a) Kodi chinayenera kuchitika n’chiyani m’kati mwa “masabata asanu ndi aŵiri” oyambirira, ndipo zimenezo zinachitika mosasamala kanthu ndi mikhalidwe yotani? (b) Kodi Mesiya anayenera kuonekera liti, ndipo Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka umanenanji za nthaŵiyo?

²¹ Kodi panapita zaka zingati kuti Yerusalemu amangidwenso? Eya, kukonzedwanso kwa mzindawo kunayenera kumalizidwa mu “nthaŵi za mavuto” chifukwa cha zovuta pakati pa Ayuda okhaokha, ndi chifukwa cha mtopola wa Asamariya ndi mitundu inanso. Ntchito inamalizidwa pamlingo woyenera pafupifupi mu 406 B.C.E.—m’kati mwa “masabata asanu,” kapena zaka 49. (Danieli 9:25) Kenako panatsatira nyengo ya masabata 62, kapena zaka 434. Pambuyo pa nyengoyo, Mesiya wolonjezedwa kalekaleyo anafika. Kuŵerenga zaka 483 (49 kuwonjeza 434) kuchokera mu 455 B.C.E. kumatifikitsa mu 29 C.E. Kodi chinachitika n’chiyani panthaŵiyo? Luka, mlembi wa Uthenga Wabwino akutiuza kuti: “Pa chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu cha ufumu wa Tiberiyo Kaisara, pokhala Pontiyo Pilato kazembe wa Yudeya, ndi Herode chiwanga cha Galileya, . . . panadza mawu a Mulungu kwa Yohane mwana wa Zakariya m’chipululu. Ndipo iye anadza kudziko lonse la m’mbali mwa Yordano, nalalikira ubatizo wa kulapa mtima kuloza ku chikhululukiro cha machimo.” Panthaŵiyo, “anthu anali kuyembekezera” Mesiya.—Luka 3:1-3, 15.

22. Kodi ndi liti ndipo ndi motani mmene Yesu anakhalira Mesiya wolonjezedwayo?

²² Yohane sanali Mesiya wolonjezedwayo. Koma pa zimene anaona paubatizo wa Yesu wa ku Nazarete, mu 29 C.E. nyengo yaphukuto, Yohane anati: “Ndinaona Mzimu alikutsika kuchokera Kumwamba monga nkhunda; nakhalabe pa Iye. Ndipo sindinam’dziŵa Iye, koma wonditumayo kudzabatiza ndi madzi, Iyeyu ananena ndi ine, Amene udzaona Mzimu atsikira, nakhala pa Iye, yemweyu ndiye wakubatiza ndi Mzimu Woyera. Ndipo ndaona ine, ndipo ndachita umboni kuti Mwana wa Mulungu ndi Yemweyu.” (Yohane 1:32-34) Paubatizo wake, Yesu anakhala Wodzozedwa—Mesiya, kapena Kristu. Posakhalitsa, wophunzira wa Yohane, Andreya, anakumana ndi Yesu wodzozedwayo kenako anauza Simoni Petro kuti: “Tapeza ife Mesiya.” (Yohane 1:41) Choncho, “Mesiya Mtsogoleriyo” anaonekera ndendende panthaŵi yake—pothera penipeni pa masabata 69!

ZOCHITIKA ZA M’SABATA YOMALIZA

23. N’chifukwa chiyani “Mesiya Mtsogoleriyo” anayenera kufa, ndipo zimenezi zinayenera kuchitika liti?

²³ Kodi chinayenera kuchitika n’chiyani m’sabata la 70? Gabrieli ananena kuti nyengo ya “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” inaikidwa ndi cholinga cha “kumaliza cholakwacho, ndi kutsiriza machimo, ndi kutetezera mphulupulu, ndi kufikitsa chilungamo chosalekeza, ndi kukhomera chizindikiro masomphenya ndi zonenera, ndi kudzoza malo opatulikitsa.” Kuti zimenezi zitheke, “Mesiya Mtsogoleriyo” anayenera kufa. Liti? Gabrieli anati: “Atapita masabata makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu aŵiri wodzozedwayo adzalikhidwa. . . . Ndipo iye adzapangana chipangano cholimba ndi ambiri sabata limodzi; ndi pakati pa sabata adzaleketsa nsembe yophera ndi nsembe yaufa.” (Danieli 9:26a, 27a) Nthaŵi yovuta inali “pakati pa sabata” lomaliza la zaka.

24, 25. (a) Monga kunaneneredwa, kodi Kristu anafa liti, ndipo imfa yake ndi kuuka kwake kunamaliza chiyani? (b) Kodi imfa ya Yesu inatheketsa chiyani?

²⁴ Ulaliki wa Yesu Kristu wapoyera unayamba m’gawo lachiŵiri la chaka cha 29 C.E. ndipo unapitirira mpaka zaka zitatu ndi theka. Monga kunaneneredwa, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 33 C.E., Kristu ‘analikhidwa’ pamene anafera pamtengo wozunzirapo, akumapereka moyo wake waumunthu monga dipo la mtundu wa anthu. (Yesaya 53:8; Mateyu 20:28) Nsembe za nyama ndi zopsereza zofunikira malinga ndi Chilamulo zinalekeka pamene Yesu woukitsidwayo anapereka kwa Mulungu kumwamba mtengo wa moyo wake waumunthu umene anaupereka nsembe. Ngakhale kuti ansembe achiyuda anapitiriza kupereka nsembe mpaka kachisi wa Yerusalemu atawonongedwa mu 70 C.E., nsembe zoterozo sizinalinso zolandirika kwa Mulungu. Zinali zitaloŵedwa m’malo ndi nsembe yabwino koposa, yosadzaloŵedwanso m’malo ndi ina iliyonse. Mtumwi Paulo analemba kuti: “[Kristu] adapereka nsembe imodzi chifukwa cha machimo, . . . chikhalire; pakuti ndi chipereko chimodzi anawayesera angwiro chikhalire iwo oyeretsedwa.”—Ahebri 10:12, 14.

²⁵ Ngakhale kuti uchimo ndi imfa zinapitirizabe kuvutitsa anthu, kulikhidwa kwa Yesu mu imfa ndi kuukira kwake ku moyo wakumwamba kunakwaniritsa ulosi. ‘Kunamaliza cholakwacho, kutsiriza machimo, ndi kutetezera mphulupulu, ndi kufikitsa chilungamo.’ Mulungu anachotsa pangano la Chilamulo, limene linavumbula ndi kuonetsa Ayudawo kukhala ochimwa. (Aroma 5:12, 19, 20; Agalatiya 3:13, 19; Aefeso 2:15; Akolose 2:13, 14) Pamenepo machimo a anthu olakwa olapa anatha kufafanizidwa, komanso chilango chimene chikanaperekedwa kwa iwo chinatha kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa cha nsembe yoombola ya Mesiya, chiyanjanitso ndi Mulungu chinakhala chotheka kwa okhulupirira. Iwo anatha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chodzalandira mphatso ya Mulungu ya ‘moyo wosatha mwa Kristu Yesu.’—Aroma 3:21-26; 6:22, 23; 1 Yohane 2:1, 2.

26. (a) Ngakhale kuti pangano la Chilamulo linali litachotsedwa, kodi ndi pangano lotani limene ‘anapangana ndi ambiri sabata limodzi’? (b) Chinachitika n’chiyani kumapeto kwa sabata la 70?

²⁶ Choncho Yehova anachotsadi pangano la Chilamulo mwa imfa ya Kristu mu 33 C.E. Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti Mesiyayo ‘anapangana chipangano cholimba ndi ambiri sabata limodzi’? Chifukwa chakuti iye anasunga pangano la Abrahamu lili lamphamvu. Kufikira sabata la 70, Mulungu anapereka madalitso a panganolo kwa mbadwa zachihebri za Abrahamu. Koma pakutha “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” a zaka, mu 36 C.E., mtumwi Petro analalikira kwa Mtaliyana wokhulupirika wotchedwa Korneliyo, ku banja lake, ndi kwa Akunja enanso. Ndipo kuyambira tsikulo ndi m’tsogolo mwake, uthenga wabwino unayamba kulalikidwa pakati pa anthu a mitundu.—Machitidwe 3:25, 26; 10:1-48; Agalatiya 3:8, 9, 14.

27. Kodi ndi ‘Malo Opatulikitsa’ otani amene anadzozedwa, ndipo motani?

²⁷ Ulosiwo unaneneratunso za kudzozedwa kwa ‘Malo Opatulikitsa.’ Apa sakunena za kudzoza Chipinda Chopatulikitsa, kapena chipinda cham’katikati cha kachisi wa ku Yerusalemu. Mawu akuti ‘Malo Opatulikitsa’ pano akunena za malo oyera akumwamba kwa Mulungu. Kumeneko, Yesu anakapereka mtengo wa nsembe ya moyo wake waumunthu kwa Atate wake. Ubatizo wa Yesu, mu 29 C.E., unadzoza kapena kupatulikitsa, malo enieni auzimu akumwamba amene anaimiridwa ndi Chipinda Chopatulikitsa cha m’chihema chapadziko lapansi, chimene pambuyo pake chinadzakhala m’kachisi.—Ahebri 9:11, 12.

ULOSIWO UTSIMIKIZIRIDWA NDI MULUNGU

28. Kodi ‘kukhomereza chizindikiro pa masomphenya ndi zonenera’ kunatanthauza chiyani’?

²⁸ Ulosi wonena za Mesiya woperekedwa ndi mngelo Gabrieli unanenanso za ‘kukhomereza chizindikiro pa masomphenya ndi zonenera.’ Zimenezi zinatanthauza kuti zonse zoloseredwa zokhudza Mesiya—zonse zimene iye anakwaniritsa mwa nsembe yake, chiukiriro chake, ndi kukaonekera kwake kumwamba, komanso zinthu zina zochitika m’kati mwa sabata la 70—zikakhomerezedwa chizindikiro cha chivomerezo cha Mulungu, kuti zikachitikadi, ndi kuti zinayenera kuzikhulupirira. Masomphenyawo anakhomerezedwa chizindikiro, kusonyeza kuti tsopano anadalira Mesiya. Kukwaniritsidwa kwake kukatheka mwa iye komanso m’ntchito ya Mulungu kudzera mwa iyenso. Kuti tidziŵe kumasulira kolondola kwa masomphenyawo tinayenera kudalira Mesiya wolonjezedwayo. Palibenso china chilichonse chimene chikanavumbula tanthauzo lake.

29. Kodi chinayenera kuchitika n’chiyani kuti Yerusalemu amangidwenso, ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

²⁹ Gabrieli anali atalosera kuti Yerusalemu akamangidwanso. Tsopano iye akuneneratu za kuwonongedwa kwa mzinda womangidwanso umenewo limodzi ndi kachisi wake, akumati: “Anthu a kalonga wakudzayo adzawononga mudzi ndi malo opatulika; ndi kutsiriza kwake kudzakhala kwa chigumula, ndi kufikira chimaliziro kudzakhala nkhondo; chipasuko chalembedweratu. . . . ndi pa phiko la zonyansa padzafika wina wakupasula, kufikira chimaliziro cholembedweratu, mkwiyo udzatsanulidwa pa wopasulayo.” (Danieli 9:26b, 27b) Ngakhale kuti chipasuko chimenechi chinachitika pambuyo pa “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri,” chinakhala chotsatirapo chachindunji cha zochitika za m’kati mwa “sabata” lomaliza, pamene Ayuda anakana Kristu nam’pereka kuti aphedwe.—Mateyu 23:37, 38.

30. Monga taonera m’zolemba za mbiri yakale, kodi lamulo la Wosunga Nthaŵi Wamkulu linakwaniritsidwa motani?

³⁰ Zolemba za mbiri yakale zimasonyeza kuti mu 66 C.E., asilikali achiroma otsogoleredwa ndi Seshasi Galasi, Bwanamkubwa wa ku Suriya, anazinga Yerusalemu. Ngakhale kuti Ayudawo anayesetsa kulimbikira nkhondoyo, asilikali achiroma, atanyamula zizindikiro zawo za mafano ndi mbendera zawo, anaphwasula ndi kuloŵa mumzindamo ndi kuyamba kugumula linga la kachisi chakumpoto. Kuima kwawo m’malo amenewo kunawapanga kukhala “chonyansa” chimene chikanachititsa chipululutso chotheratu. (Mateyu 24:15, 16) Mu 70 C.E., Aromawo motsogoleredwa ndi Kazembe Tito anafika ngati “chigumula” ndipo anapasula mzindawo ndi kachisi wake. Palibe amene akanawaimitsa, pakuti linali lamulo ‘lolembedweratu’ ndi Mulungu. Wosunga Nthaŵi Wamkulu, Yehova, anakwaniritsanso mawu ake!

KODI MWAZINDIKIRA CHIYANI?

• Pamene zaka 70 za chipululutso cha Yerusalemu zinali kufika kumathero ake, kodi Danieli anapereka mapembedzero otani kwa Yehova?

• Kodi “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” anali utali wotani, ndipo anayamba liti ndi kutha liti?

• Kodi “Mesiya Mtsogoleriyo” anaonekera liti, ndipo ndi panthaŵi yovuta yotani imene ‘analikhidwa’?

• Kodi ndi pangano lotani limene ‘anapangana ndi ambiri sabata limodzi’?

• Kodi chinachitika n’chiyani pambuyo pa “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri”?

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 197]

Kodi Aritasasta Anayamba Liti Kulamulira?

AKATSWIRI a mbiri yakale sagwirizana ponena za chaka chimene Mfumu Aritasasta ya Perisiya inayamba kulamulira. Ena anena kuti anakhala pampando wachifumu mu 465 B.C.E. chifukwa bambo wake, Sasta, anayamba kulamulira mu 486 B.C.E. ndipo anamwalira m’chaka cha 21 cha ulamuliro wake. Koma, pali umboni wakuti Aritasasta anakhala pampando wachifumu mu 475 B.C.E. ndipo chaka chake choyamba cha ulamuliro wake chinali 474 B.C.E.

Zolemba ndi zosema zofukulidwa ku Pesepoli, likulu lamakedzana la Perisiya, zimasonyeza kuti Sasta ndi bambo wake, Dariyo 1, anali kulamulira limodzi. Ngati ulamuliro umenewo unatenga zaka 10 ndipo Sasta analamulira yekha zaka 11 pambuyo pa imfa ya Dariyo mu 486 B.C.E., ndiye kuti ulamuliro wa Aritasasta unayamba m’chaka cha 474 B.C.E.

Umboni wachiŵiri umakhudza Kazembe Temisitokasi wa ku Atene, amene anagonjetsa asilikali a Sasta mu 480 B.C.E. Pambuyo pake Agiriki anamuukira ndi kumuimba mlandu wogalukira boma. Temisitokasi anathaŵa ndi kukabisala m’bwalo la mfumu ya Perisiya, kumene anam’landira ndi manja aŵiri. Malinga n’kunena kwa katswiri wa mbiri yakale wachigiriki wotchedwa Tusidadi, zimenezi zinachitika pamene Aritasasta anali “atalongedwa kumene ufumu.” Katswiri wa mbiri yakale wachigiriki, Diodoro Sekulasi anati Temisitokasi anamwalira mu 471 B.C.E. Popeza kuti Temisitokasi anapempha kuti apatsidwe chaka chimodzi chakuti aphunzire Chiperisiya asanakambirane ndi Mfumu Aritasasta, ayenera kuti anafika mu Asiyamina chisanafike chaka cha 473 B.C.E. Deti limeneli limavomerezedwa ndi mbiri yolembedwa ndi Jerome yotchedwa Chronicle of Eusebius. Popeza Aritasasta anali “atalongedwa kumene ufumu” pamene Temisitokasi anafika ku Asiya mu 473 B.C.E., katswiri wina wa zamaphunziro wa ku Germany, Ernst Hengstenberg, ananena m’buku lake lakuti Christology of the Old Testament kuti, ulamuliro wa Aritasasta unayamba mu 474 B.C.E., mofanananso ndi mabuku ena. Anawonjezera kuti: “Chaka cha makumi aŵiri cha ulamuliro wa Aritasasta chinali chaka cha 455 Kristu asanafike.”

[Chithunzi]

Chifaniziro cha Temisitokasi

[Chithunzi pamasamba 188, 189]

(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)

“MASABATA MAKUMI ASANU NDI AŴIRI”

Masabata 7 Masabata 62 Sabata 1

Zaka 49 Zaka 434 Zaka 7

[Chithunzi chachikulu patsamba 180]

[Chithunzi chachikulu patsamba 193]