Kuulula Machimo​—Kodi Ndiko Njira ya Munthu kapena ya Mulungu?

KWA Akatolika, kuulula kwasintha mokulira m’zaka mazana ambiri. M’zaka zoyambirira za Tchalitchi cha Katolika, kuulula ndi chilango zinafunikira kaamba ka machimo aakulu okha. Ponena za ichi, bukhu lakuti Religion in the Medieval West limati: “Kufikira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chimodzi kachitidwe ka chilango kanali koŵaŵa kwenikweni: lumbiro lachiyero linaperekedwa kamodzi kokha m’nthaŵi yonse ya moyo, kuulula kunachitidwa poyera, chilango chinali chanthaŵi yaitali ndipo choipitsitsa.”

Kodi chilango choterocho chinali choipitsitsa motani? Mu 1052 wolangidwa wina anafunikira kuyenda pansi wopanda nsapato mtunda wautali kuchokera ku Bruges m’Belgium mpaka ku Yerusalemu! “Akatolika ankapezedwabe mu 1700 pa zitsime ndi akasupe opatulika, atagwada nazolitsa mitu yawo m’madzi owundana kuti apereke mapemphero awo achilango,” likutero bukhu lakuti Christianity in the West 1400-1700. Popeza kuti panthaŵiyo chikhululukiro chinaimitsidwa kufikira kutha kwachilangocho, ambiri anachedwetsa kuulula kwawo kufikira pomafa atakalamba.

Kodi kachitidwe kamakono ka kuulula machimo kanayamba liti? Bukhu lakuti Religion in the Medieval West limanena kuti: “Mtundu watsopano wa chilango unayambitsidwa m’Falansa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chimodzi ndi amuna odzipereka mwalumbiro ku chipembedzo Achicelt. . . . Uku kunali kuulula konong’ona, kumene wolangidwayo anaulula machimo ake mwamseri kwa wansembe, ndipo kunatengedwa kuchokera ku kachitidwe ka m’nyumba yokhala achipembedzo ka kupereka uphungu wauzimu.” Mogwirizana ndi kachitidwe kakale ka m’nyumba yokhalamo achipembedzo, amuna odzipereka mwalumbiro ku chipembedzo anaululirana machimo awo kuti apatsidwe thandizo lauzimu kotero kuti alake zifooko zawo. Komabe, m’kuulula konong’ona kwatsopano, tchalitchi chinapatsa wansembe “mphamvu [zazikulu] kapena ulamuliro wa kukhululukira machimo.”​—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

Kodi Yesu anawapatsadi ena a otsatira ake mphamvu yoteroyo? Kodi nchiyani chimene anachinena chimene chapangitsa ena kufika pa chigamulo chimenechi?

“Mfungulo za Ufumu”

Pa chochitika china, Yesu Kristu anauza mtumwi Petro kuti: “Ndidzakupatsa mfungulo za ufumu wa kumwamba: chirichonse chimene mumanga padziko lapansi kumwamba chidzalingaliridwa kukhala chomangidwa; chirichonse chimene mumasula padziko lapansi kumwamba chidzalingaliridwa kukhala chomasulidwa.” (Mateyu 16:19, The Jerusalem Bible) Kodi Yesu anatanthauzanji mwakunena kuti “mfungulo za ufumu”? Tingamvetsetse chimenechi bwinopo ngati tilingalira chochitika china pamene Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “mfungulo.”

Yesu nthaŵi ina anauza atsogoleri achipembedzo Achiyuda odziŵa Chilamulo cha Mose kuti: “Tsoka inu odziŵa chilamulo amene mulanda mfungulo ya chidziŵitso! Simunaloŵamo inu nokha, ndipo mwatsekereza ofuna kuloŵamo.” (Luka 11:52, JB) ‘Kutsekereza ena kuloŵa’ kuti? Yesu akutiuza pa Mateyu 23:13 kuti: “Tsoka kwa inu, alembi ndi Afarisi, onyenga inu! Inu amene mutseka ufumu wakumwamba pamaso pa anthu, mulephera kuloŵamo inu nimuletsanso ofuna kuloŵamo.” (JB) Atsogoleri achipembedzo Achiyuda anatsekera chitseko ambiri, kunena kwake titero, mwakuwalanda mwaŵi wakukhala ndi Yesu Kristu kumwamba. “Mfungulo” imene atsogoleri achipembedzo amenewo ‘anailanda’ inalibe chochita ndi kukhululukidwa kwa machimo. Inali mfungulo ya chidziŵitso choperekedwa mwaumulungu.

Mofananamo, “mfungulo za ufumu” zoperekedwa kwa Petro sizimaimira mphamvu zouzirako akumwamba kuti ndimachimo ayani ayenera kukhululukidwa kapena kubwezeredwa. Mmalomwake, izo zimaimira mwaŵi waukulu wa Petro wakutsegula njira yakumwamba mwa kugaŵira chidziŵitso choperekedwa mwaumulungu kupyolera muuminisitala wake. Iye anachita chimenechi choyamba kwa Ayuda ndi otembenuzidwira ku Chiyuda, ndiyeno kwa Asamariya, ndipo potsirizira kwa Amitundu.​—Machitidwe 2:1-41; 8:14-17; 10:1-48.

“Chirichonse Chimene Muchimanga Padziko Lapansi”

Pambuyo pake, Yesu anabwerezanso zimene anauza Petro kwa ophunzira ena. “Ndikuuzani mosamalitsa,” anatero Yesu, “chirichonse chimene muchimanga padziko lapansi kumwamba chidzalingaliridwa kukhala chomangidwa; chirichonse chimene muchimasula padziko lapansi kumwamba chidzalingaliridwa kukhala chomasulidwa.” (Mateyu 18:18, JB) Kodi Kristu panopa anapereka ulamuliro wotani kwa ophunzira ake? Mawu apatsogolo ndi pambuyo amasonyeza kuti iye ankalankhula za kuthetsa mavuto pakati pa okhulupirira ndikusunga mpingo kukhala woyera wopanda ochita zoipa osalapa.​—Mateyu 18:15-17.

M’nkhani zophatikizamo kuswa lamulo la Mulungu kwakukulu, amuna athayo mumpingo akaweruza nkhanizo ndikusankha kaya wolakwayo ayenera “kumangidwa” (kuwonedwa waliwongo) kapena “kumasulidwa” (kulekereredwa). Kodi ichi chinatanthauza kuti akumwamba akatsatira zosankha za anthu? Ayi. Monga momwe katswiri wa Baibulo Robert Young akusonyezera, chosankha chirichonse chopangidwa ndi ophunzirawo chikatsatira chosankha chakumwamba, osati kuchiyambirira. Iye akuti vesi 18 m’lingaliro lenileni liyenera kunena kuti: Chimene muchimanga padziko lapansi “chidzakhala chimene chamangidwa (kale)” kumwamba.

Ndithudi, nkopanda nzeru kulingalira kuti munthu wopanda ungwiro aliyense angapange zosankha zimene zikalamulira okhala m’mabwalo akumwamba. Nkwanzeru kwenikweni kunena kuti oimira a Kristu oikidwa akatsatira malangizo ake kotero kuti ausunge woyera mpingo wake. Iwo akachita chimenechi mwakupanga zosankha zozikidwa pa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa kale kumwamba. Yesu iyemwini akawatsogolera m’kuchita chimenechi.​—Mateyu 18:20.

Kodi munthu aliyense ngwokhoza “kuimira Kristu monga woweruza wautate” kumlingo wakupangira wolambira mnzake chosankha cha mtsogolo mwamuyaya? (New Catholic Encyclopedia) Ansembe amene amamvetsera kuulula pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse amapereka chikhululukiro, ngakhale kuti “pakuwonekera kukhala chikhulupiriro chachikulu [pakati pa akatswiri a maphunziro azaumulungu Achikatolika] chakuti ndi munthu wapadera kwenikweni amene amakhaladi wachisoni kaamba ka machimo ake.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Ndithudi, kodi nliti pamene munamvapo kuti wansembe wakana kupereka chikhululukiro kapena kumasula wochita cholakwa? Mwachiwonekere, chiri chifukwa chakuti wansembe samalingalira kuti iye alinalo luntha lakudziŵa kuti kaya wochimwayo walapadi kapena ayi. Koma ngati ziri choncho, kodi iye amaneneranji kuti ali ndi mphamvu ya kukhululukira?

Talingalirani khoti lalamulo m’limene woweruza wachifundo nthaŵi zonse amangomasula apandu, ngakhale oswa malamulo osalapa, chifukwa chakuti iwo anachita dzoma la kuvomereza maupandu awo ndikupepesa kuti anali achisoni. Pamene kuli kwakuti izi zingakhutiritse olakwawo, lingaliro lolakwika la chifundo loterolo likadodometsa ulemu wa chiweruzo cholungama. Kodi zingakhale kuti kuulula machimo monga momwe kumachitidwira m’Tchalitchi cha Katolika kumalimbitsa anthu m’njira ya uchimo?​—Mlaliki 8:11.

“Kuulula sikumapereka chikhoterero chirichonse chakuyesa kupewa tchimo mtsogolo,” akutero Ramona, akukumbukira chokumana nacho chake cha kumaulula monga Mkatolika chiyambire pamene anali wazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zakubadwa. Iye akuwonjezera kuti: “Kuulula kumakulitsa lingaliro lakuti Mulungu amakhululukira nthaŵi zonse ndikuti chirichonse chimene thupi lanu lopanda ungwiro limakutsogolerani kuchita iye adzakukhululukirani. Sikumakulitsa chikhumbo chozama chakuchita chimene chiri cholondola.”a

Koma kodi bwanji ponena za mawu a Yesu olembedwa pa Yohane 20:22, 23? Pamenepo iye anauza ophunzira ake kuti: “Landirani Mzimu Woyera. Popeza kuti amene mukhululukira machimo awo, amakhululukidwa; amene mubwezera machimo awo, amakhala nawo.” (JB) Kodi Yesu panopa sakuwapatsa mwachindunji ophunzira ake ulamuliro wa kukhululukira machimo?

Itaŵerengedwa yokha, ndime ya Baibulo imeneyi ingalingaliridwe kukhala ikutanthauza zimenezo. Komabe, pamene mawuŵa alingaliridwa limodzi ndi cholembedwa cha Mateyu 18:15-18 ndi china chirichonse chimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa ponena za kuulula ndi kukhululukira, kodi tiyenera kugamulaponji? Kuti pa Yohane 20:22, 23, Yesu anapatsa ophunzira ake ulamuliro wakuchotsa mumpingo anthu osalapa oumirira kuchita machimo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Kristu anapatsa otsatira ake ulamuliro wakusonyeza chifundo ndikukhululukira ochimwa olapa. Motsimikizirika Yesu sankanena kuti ophunzira ake anayenera kuulula tchimo lawo lirilonse kwa wansembe.

Motero anthu okhala ndi thayo mumpingo anapatsidwa mphamvu yakusankha mmene akachitira ndi ochita machimo aakulu. Zosankha zoterozo zikapangidwa pansi pa chitsogozo cha mzimu woyera wa Mulungu ndipo mogwirizana ndi zitsogozo za Mulungu zopatsidwa kupyolera mwa Yesu Kristu ndi Malemba Opatulika. (Yerekezerani ndi Machitidwe 5:1-5; 1 Akorinto 5:1-5, 11-13.) Amuna athayo amenewo akalabadira chitsogozo chochokera kumwamba, osati kuikira akumwamba zosankha zawo.

“Ululiranani Machimo Anu”

Chotero pamenepa, kodi nliti pamene kuli koyenera kwa Akristu kuululirana machimo? Munthu atachita tchimo lalikulu (osati kuphophonya kwakung’ono kulikonse), ayenera kuululira oyang’anira a mpingo okhala ndi thayo. Ngakhale ngati tchimolo silalikulu komabe chikumbumtma cha wochimwayo chikumvutitsa mopambanitsa, pali phindu lalikulu ngati aulula ndi kufunafuna thandizo lauzimu.

Ponena za chimenechi wolemba Baibulo Yakobo akuti: “Ngati mmodzi wa inu adwala [mwauzimu], aitane akulu a tchalitchi, ndipo ayenera kumdzoza ndi mafuta m’dzina la Ambuye ndi kumpempherera. Pemphero la chikhulupiriro lidzapulumutsa wodwalayo ndipo Ambuye adzamdzutsanso; ndipo ngati iye wachita machimo alionse, adzakhululukidwa. Chotero ululiranani machimo anu, ndipo pemphereranani.”​—Yakobo 5:14-16, JB.

M’mawuŵa, mulibe lingaliro la kuulula konong’ona, kwadzoma ndi kwamwambo. Mmalomwake, pamene Mkristu wavutitsidwa kwenikweni ndi tchimo kwakuti alephera kupemphera, ayenera kuitana akulu oikidwa, kapena oyang’anira, a mpingo, ndipo iwo adzapemphera naye. Kuti amthandize kuchira mwauzimu, iwo adzamdzozanso mafuta a Mawu a Mulungu.​—Salmo 141:5; yerekezerani ndi Luka 5:31, 32; Chibvumbulutso 3:18.

Chofunikanso kuchidziŵa ndicho chilangizo cha Yohane Mbatizi cha ‘kuonetsa zipatso zakuyenera kutembenuka mtima.’ (Mateyu 3:8; yerekezerani ndi Machitidwe 26:20.) Munthu wochita choipa amene walapadi amaleka njira yake yochimwa. Mofanana ndi Mfumu Davide wa Israyeli wakale, wochimwa wolapa yemwe amaulula cholakwa chake kwa Mulungu adzalandira chikhululukiro. Davide analemba kuti: ‘Ndinavomera choipa changa kwa inu; ndipo mphulupulu yanga sindinaibisa. Ndinati, Ndidzaululira Yehova machimo anga; Ndipo munakhululukira choipa cha kulakwa kwanga.’​—Salmo 32:5.

Machitidwe achilango sangadzetse chikhululukiro choterocho. Mulungu yekha ndiye angachipereke. Iye amalingalira za ziyeneretso za chilungamo changwiro, koma chikhululukiro chake chimasonyeza chikondi chake kaamba ka anthu. Chikhululukiro chake chirinso chisonyezero cha chisomo chake chozikidwa pa nsembe yadipo ya Yesu Kristu ndipo chimaperekedwa kokha kwa ochimwa olapa omwe atembenuka nasiya zimene ziri zoipa m’maso mwa Mulungu. (Salmo 51:7; Yesaya 1:18; Yohane 3:16; Aroma 3:23-26) Kokha amene akhululukidwa ndi Yehova Mulungu ndiwo adzapeza moyo wamuyaya. Ndipo kuti tilandire chikhululukiro choterocho, tiyenera kuulula mwanjira ya Mulungu, osati ya munthu ayi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Davide anaulula machimo ake kwa Yehova, amene anamkhululukira