Mlandu Umene Unaweruzidwa Mopanda Chilungamo Kuposa Milandu Yonse

PA MILANDU yonse imene inaweruzidwa m’nthawi yakale, ndi milandu yochepa chabe kapenanso palibiretu mlandu umene ndi wotchuka kwambiri ngati mlandu wa Yesu Khristu. Nkhani zosiyanasiyana zinayi za m’Baibulo, zimene zimadziwika kuti Uthenga Wabwino, zimanena za kumangidwa, kuzengedwa mlandu komanso kuphedwa kwa Yesu Khristu. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kudziwa mmene mlandu wa Yesu unayendera? N’chifukwa chakuti Yesu anauza otsatira ake kuti azikumbukira imfa yake, zimene zimachititsa kuti mlandu umene Yesu anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ukhale wofunika kwambiri. Komanso chifukwa chakuti tiyenera kudziwa ngati zimene anthu ankamunenera Yesu pa nthawi imene ankaimbidwa mlandu zinali zoona kapena ayi. Tiyeneranso kuchita chidwi ndi mmene mlandu wa Yesu unayendera chifukwa zimene Yesu anachita pololera kupereka moyo wake mwa kufuna kwake, n’zofunika kwambiri kwa ife panopa ndiponso zimakhudza tsogolo lathu.​—Luka 22:19; Yohane 6:40.

Pa nthawi imene Yesu ankaimbidwa mlandu, dera la Palesitina linkalamulidwa ndi Aroma. Pa nthawiyo, Aroma ankalola kuti akuluakulu achipembedzo achiyuda aziweruza milandu malinga ndi malamulo awo. Koma zikuoneka kuti sanawapatse mphamvu zoti azipha munthu wolakwayo. Choncho Yesu anamangidwa ndi atsogoleri achiyuda koma anaphedwa ndi Aroma. Zimene Yesu ankalalikira zinkachititsa manyazi atsogoleri achipembedzo achiyuda moti anakonza chiwembu choti amuphe. Koma iwo anafuna kuti zioneke ngati Yesu waphedwa mogwirizana ndi malamulo. Pulofesa wina wa zamalamulo atafufuza zimene atsogoleri achipembedzowo anachita kuti zofuna zawozo zitheke, ananena mwachidule kuti zimene anachitazo ndi “mlandu woopsa kuposa milandu yonse.”a

Anamuzenga Mlandu Mosatsatira Malamulo

Anthu ena amanena kuti Chilamulo chimene Mose anapatsa Aisiraeli ndi “chabwino komanso chothandiza kwambiri pa nkhani yozenga milandu kuposa malamulo ena onse amene anthu anakhazikitsa.” Komabe podzafika m’nthawi ya Yesu, arabi amene ankakonda kuika malamulo pa chilichonse, anali ataika malamulo ambirimbiri kuwonjezera pa Chilamulochi. Patapita nthawi malamulo amenewa anadzalembedwa m’buku la Talmud. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Malamulo a Ayuda M’nthawi ya Yesu,” patsamba 20.) Kodi pomuimba Yesu mlandu anatsatira malamulo a m’Baibulo ndi owonjezera aja?

Kodi Yesu anamumanga anthu awiri atapereka m’khoti umboni wofanana, wonena kuti iye wapalamula mlandu winawake? Pa nthawiyo, malamulo ankanena kuti munthu ayenera kumangidwa pokhapokha ngati anthu awiri apereka umboni wofanana pa mlandu umene munthuyo wapalamula. M’nthawi ya atumwi ku Palesitina, Myuda amene akuona kuti wina waswa lamulo ankafunika kupititsa nkhaniyo kukhoti pa nthawi yoyenera. Khoti si limene linkasumira munthu mlandu. Ntchito ya khoti inali kufufuza ngati zimene akumunenera munthu kuti anapalamula zilidi zoona. Amene ankasumira munthu mlandu anali munthu amene ali ndi umboni woti munthuyo anaphwanyadi malamulo. Nkhaniyo inkayenera kuyamba kukambidwa ngati papezeka anthu awiri amene apereka umboni wofanana. Umboniwo ndi umene unkachititsa kuti munthu apezeke ndi mlandu ndipo kenako amangidwe. Umboni wa munthu mmodzi sunkaloledwa. (Deuteronomo 19:15) Koma zimene zinachitika pozenga mlandu wa Yesu si zimenezi. Akuluakulu achiyuda anangofunafuna “njira yabwino” kwa iwo yophera Yesu. Kuti amugwire, iwo anangopeza “mpata wabwino” usiku “popanda khamu la anthu pafupi.”​—Luka 22:2, 5, 6, 53.

Pamene Yesu ankagwidwa panalibe aliyense amene ananena mlandu umene Yesuyo anapalamula. Ansembe komanso Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda anayamba kufunafuna mboni atamugwira kale. (Mateyu 26:59) Koma sanapeze anthu awiri amene anapereka umboni wofanana. Ndiponso siinali ntchito ya khoti kufunafuna mboni. Munthu wina dzina lake A. Taylor Innes, yemwe ndi loya komanso wolemba mabuku ananena kuti: “Kuimba munthu mlandu umene chilango chake ndi kuphedwa musanadziwe chimene iye walakwa, ndi nkhanza zoopsa.”

Anthu omwe anamanga Yesu anamutengera kunyumba kwa Anasi, yemwe anali Mkulu wa Ansembe, ndipo iye anayamba kumufunsa mafunso. (Luka 22:54; Yohane 18:12, 13) Zimene Anasi anachita zinali zotsutsana ndi malamulo omwe ankanena kuti mlandu womwe chilango chake chinali kuphedwa, unkayenera kuzengedwa masana osati usiku. Komanso kufufuza kuti adziwe chimene munthu walakwa kunafunika kuchitikira m’khoti, osati kunyumba kwa munthu. Yesu atadziwa kuti Anasi akuphwanya malamulo pomufunsa, anamuyankha kuti; “N’chifukwa chiyani mukufunsa ine? Funsani amene anamva zimene ndinali kunena kwa iwo. Onani! Onsewa akudziwa zimene ndinali kunena.” (Yohane 18:21) Anasi anayenera kufufuza kwa anthu amene ankapereka umboniwo kuti adziwe ngati akunena zoona osati kufufuza kwa Yesu. Anasi akanakhala kuti anali woweruza wachilungamo akanaganizira zimene Yesu anayankhazo. Koma sanachite zimenezo chifukwa anali wachinyengo.

Zimene Yesu anayankha zija zinangochititsa kuti mmodzi mwa alonda am’menye mbama ndipo usiku umenewu anamuchitiranso zoipa zina zambiri. (Luka 22:63; Yohane 18:22) Lamulo lopezeka m’chaputala 35 m’buku la Numeri lokhudza mizinda yothawirako, linanena kuti munthu amene akuimbidwa mlandu anayenera kutetezedwa kuti anthu asamuchitire zoipa mpaka zitadziwika kuti ndi wolakwadi. Yesu anafunika kutetezedwa mogwirizana ndi lamulo limeneli.

Kenako anthu amene anagwira Yesu anapita naye kunyumba ya Mkulu wa Ansembe, dzina lake Kayafa ndipo kumeneko anapitiriza kumuimba mlandu usiku ngakhale kuti zimenezi zinali zosagwirizana ndi malamulo. (Luka 22:54; Yohane 18:24) Kumenekonso, ansembe sanatsatire mfundo zokhudza chilungamo zimene zimayenera kutsatiridwa poweruza. M’malomwake, iwo anafunafuna “umboni wonama kuti amunamizire mlandu Yesu ndi kumupha.” Koma panalibe anthu awiri amene anapereka umboni wofanana. (Mateyu 26:59; Maliko 14:56-59) Choncho mkulu wa ansembe anayesetsa kuchita zinthu zoti Yesu anene zinthu zimene iwo angagwiritse ntchito pomuimba mlandu. Iye anamufunsa Yesu kuti: “Sukuyankha chilichonse? Kodi n’zoona zimene awa akukunenezazi?” (Maliko 14:60) Zimene anachita mkulu wa ansembezi, zinali zotsutsana kwambiri ndi malamulo. Innes, amene tamutchula poyamba uja, ananena kuti: “Kufunsa funso munthu amene akuimbidwa mlandu n’cholinga chofuna kum’pezera chifukwa pa zimene ayankhezo, kunali kosagwirizana ndi malamulo a khoti.”

Anthuwo anapezerapo mwayi wopha Yesu pa zimene Yesuyo anayankha atafunsidwa kuti: “Kodi ndiwe Khristu Mwana wa Wodalitsidwayo?” Iye anayankha kuti: “Inde ndinedi, ndipo anthu inu mudzaona Mwana wa munthu atakhala kudzanja lamanja lamphamvu. Mudzamuonanso akubwera ndi mitambo yakumwamba.” Ansembe anaona kuti pamenepa Yesu wanyoza Mulungu ndipo “onse anati ayenera kuphedwa basi.”​—Maliko 14:61-64.b

Malinga ndi Chilamulo cha Mose, milandu sinkafunika kuzengedwera pamalo achinsinsi. (Deuteronomo 16:18; Rute 4:1) Koma mlandu wa Yesu unaweruzidwa mwachinsinsi. Panalibe amene anayeserera kulankhula zinthu zoikira Yesu kumbuyo kapena kuloledwa kuchita zimenezo. Oweruza sanafufuze ngati zimene Yesu ankanena kuti ndi Mesiya zinalidi zoona. Yesu sanapatsidwe mwayi kuti aitane anthu oti amuperekere umboni. Oweruza sanavote mwadongosolo kuti zidziwike amene akuona kuti Yesu ndi wolakwa ndi amene akuona kuti ndi wosalakwa.

Anapita Naye Kwa Pilato

Popeza zikuoneka kuti Ayuda analibe mphamvu zakupha Yesu, anapita naye kwa bwanamkubwa wachiroma dzina lake Pontiyo Pilato. Funso loyamba limene Pilato anawafunsa linali lakuti: “Kodi mukumuimba mlandu wanji munthu ameneyu?” Ayuda anadziwa kuti mlandu wabodza umene ankamuimba Yesu, woti ananyoza Mulungu, unali wosamveka kwa Pilato. Choncho anafuna kuti Pilato anene kuti Yesu ndi wolakwa popanda kufufuza kaye. Choncho anthuwo anauza Pilato kuti: “Munthu uyu akanakhala wosachita zoipa, sitikanabwera naye kwa inu.” (Yohane 18:29, 30) Koma Pilato anakana zofuna zawozo, choncho iwo anakakamizika kum’pezera Yesu chifukwa chinanso. Iwo anauza Pilato kuti: “Ife tapeza munthu uyu akupandutsa mtundu wathu ndi kuletsa anthu kuti asamakhome msonkho kwa Kaisara, komanso iyeyu akunena kuti ndi Khristu mfumu.” (Luka 23:2) Apa Ayuda anasintha zimene amamuneneza Yesu poyamba, zoti ananyoza Mulungu n’kuyamba kunena kuti iye ndi woukira boma.

Mlandu woti Yesu anali “kuletsa anthu kuti asamakhome msonkho kwa Kaisara,” unali wongomusemera ndipo amene ankanena zimenezowo ankadziwanso kuti akungonama. Zoona n’zakuti Yesu anaphunzitsa anthu kuti azikhoma msonkho. (Mateyu 22:15-22) Pa mlandu woti Yesu ankanena kuti iye ndi mfumu, Pilato anaona kuti Yesu analibe maganizo aliwonse oti alande ufumu wa Roma. Choncho Pilato ananena kuti: “Ineyo sindikupeza cholakwa chilichonse mwa munthu ameneyu.” (Yohane 18:38) Ndipo Pilato anapitiriza kunena zimenezi nthawi yonse imene ankazenga mlandu wa Yesu.

Poyamba, Pilato anafuna kumasula Yesu pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo limene linalipo pa nthawiyo, lomasula mkaidi mmodzi pa nthawi ya Pasika. Koma zimenezi sizinatheke ndipo m’malomwake Pilato anamasula Baraba, munthu yemwe anali ndi mlandu wolimbikitsa anthu kuukira boma komanso wopha munthu.​—Luka 23:18, 19; Yohane 18:39, 40.

Kenako bwanamkubwa wachiromayu analolera kuti Yesu azunzidwe n’cholinga chakuti anthu amve chisoni ndipo angolola kuti amasulidwe. Choncho Pilato analamula kuti Yesu avekedwe chinsalu chofiirira komanso chipewa chaminga. Kenako Yesu anakwapulidwa, kumenyedwa ndiponso kunyozedwa. Pa nthawi imeneyinso Pilato ananena kuti Yesu anali wosalakwa. Pamenepa tingati Pilato ankanena kuti: “Kodi ansembe inu zimene Yesu wachitiridwazi sizokwanira?” N’kutheka kuti Pilato ankaganiza kuti anthuwo akaona mmene Yesu akuonekera chifukwa chokwapulidwa ndi Aroma, amva chisoni n’kusintha maganizo awo. (Luka 23:22) Koma iwo sanachite zimenezi.

Baibulo limanena kuti: “Pilato anayesetsabe kufunafuna njira kuti amumasule [Yesu]. Koma Ayudawo anafuula kuti: ‘Mukamumasula ameneyu, ndiye kuti si inu bwenzi la Kaisara. Munthu aliyense wodziyesa yekha mfumu, ameneyo ndi wotsutsana ndi Kaisara.’” (Yohane 19:12) Kaisara wa nthawi imeneyo anali Tiberiyo ndipo ankadziwika kuti ankapha aliyense amene ankaona kuti sakugwirizana ndi boma lake. Iye ankachita zimenezi ngakhale munthuyo atakhala kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu. Pilato anali atakwiyitsa kale Ayuda, choncho sanafune kuti ayambitsenso vuto lina lakuti sakumvera Kaisara. Pilato anachita mantha ndi zimene anthuwo ankanena chifukwa zinasonyeza kuti iye akapanda kulamula kuti Yesu aphedwe, akamunenera kwa Kaisara kuti sakumumvera. Choncho, chifukwa choopa anthu, Pilato analamula kuti Yesu apachikidwe ngakhale kuti anali wosalakwa.​—Yohane 19:16.

Kuunikanso Mlandu Wonse

Akatswiri ambiri azamalamulo anaunikanso nkhani ya mlandu wa Yesu yopezeka mu Uthenga Wabwino. Iwo anapeza kuti panachitika zachinyengo zoopsa komanso zosagwirizana ndi malamulo. Mwachitsanzo loya wina analemba kuti: “Anthu amene anaweruza mlandu wa Yesu sanatsatire malamulo achiyuda ngakhale pang’ono komanso sanatsatire mfundo zachilungamo. Tikutero chifukwa mlanduwu unayamba pakati pa usiku n’kutha m’mawa pamene chigamulo chinaperekedwa.” Pulofesa wina wa zamalamulo ananena kuti: “Zonse zimene zinachitika pa mlandu umenewu zinali zosavomerezeka ndipo panalakwika zinthu zambirimbiri. Mwachidule tinganene kuti anthu amene anaweruza mlandu umenewu, anapha munthu wosalakwa ponamizira kuti akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo.”

Yesu sanalakwe chilichonse. Koma iye ankadziwa kuti imfa yake inali yofunika kuti anthu omvera apulumuke. (Mateyu 20:28) Yesu ankakonda kwambiri chilungamo moti analolera kuchitiridwa zinthu zopanda chilungamo zimene munthu aliyense sanachitiridwepo. Iye anachita zimenezi chifukwa cha anthu ochimwafe. Tiyeni nthawi zonse tizikumbukira mfundo imeneyi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/​Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Malamulo a Ayuda M’nthawi ya Yesu

Izi ndi zina mwa mfundo zimene zinali m’malamulo osalembedwa a Ayuda, amene anadzalembedwa m’mabuku m’nthawi ya Yesu ndipo anthu ena amati ndi akale kwambiri:

▪ Pa milandu yomwe chilango chake chinali kuphedwa, choyamba ankayenera kufufuza kaye ngati pali umboni wosonyeza kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo ndi wosalakwa

▪ Oweruza ankayenera kuyesetsa mmene angathere kuteteza woimbidwa mlanduyo

▪ Oweruza ankayenera kuikira kumbuyo munthu woimbidwa mlandu, osati kumutsutsa

▪ Anthu amene akupereka umboni ankauzidwa kuti kukhala mboni pa mlandu ndi nkhani yaikulu

▪ Anthu amene akupereka umboni ankafunsidwa paokhapaokha, osati pali mboni zina

▪ Umboni umene waperekedwa unkayenera kufanana pa mfundo zikuluzikulu monga tsiku, malo ndiponso nthawi imene zinthuzo zinachitika

▪ Mlandu umene chilango chake chinali kuphedwa, unkafunika kuzengedwa masana ndipo chigamulo chinkafunika kuperekedwanso masana

▪ Milandu imene chilango chake chinali kuphedwa sinkayenera kuzengedwa tsiku loti mawa lake ndi la Sabata kapena lachikondwerero

▪ Milandu imene chilango chake chinali kuphedwa, inkayenera kuyamba ndi kutha tsiku lomwelo ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo sanapezeke kuti ndi wolakwa. Ngati wapezeka kuti ndi wolakwa, mlanduwo unkayenera kudzatha tsiku lotsatira pomwe adzapereke chigamulo

▪ Mlandu womwe chilango chake chinali kuphedwa unkayenera kuzengedwa ndi oweruza osachepera 23

▪ Woweruza aliyense ankavota kuti aone amene akuvomereza kuti woimbidwa mlandu ndi wolakwa kapena wosalakwa. Alembi ankalemba mawu a ovota amene akuona kuti munthu woimbidwa mlanduyo amasulidwe ndi amene akuona kuti amangidwe. Ankachita zimenezi kuyambira achinyamata kumalizira achikulire

▪ Munthu ankatha kumasulidwa ngati chiwerengero cha amene akunena kuti ndi wosalakwa chaposa cha amene akunena kuti ndi wolakwa ndi munthu mmodzi. Koma munthu ankaonedwa kuti ndi wolakwa ngati chiwerengero cha amene akunena kuti ndi wolakwa chaposa ndi anthu awiri chiwerengero cha amene akunena kuti ndi wosalakwa. Koma ngati chiwerengero cha amene akunena kuti ndi wolakwa chikuposa cha amene akunena kuti ndi wosalakwa ndi munthu mmodzi, ankawonjezerapo oweruza awiri mpaka atapeza kuti munthuyo ndi wolakwa kapena wosalakwa

▪ Ngati poweruza panalibe ngakhale woweruza mmodzi woikira kumbuyo munthu woimbidwa mlanduyo, chigamulo chimene aperekacho chinali chosavomerezeka. Ngati oweruza onse agwirizana kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo ndi wolakwa zinkaonedwa kuti “pachitika zachinyengo”

Mlandu wa Yesu Unazengedwa Mosatsatira Malamulo

▪ Khoti silinamve mbali ya Yesu kapena kufunsa ngati panali mboni zoikira Yesu kumbuyo

▪ Panalibe oweruza ndi mmodzi yemwe amene anaikira kumbuyo Yesu, onse ankadana naye

▪ Ansembe anabweretsa mboni zonama n’cholinga choti Yesu aweruzidwe kuti aphedwe

▪ Mlanduwu unazengedwa usiku mwachinsinsi

▪ Mlandu unayamba ndi kutha tsiku lomwelo, ndipo tsiku lotsatira linali la chikondwerero

▪ Yesu anamangidwa asanauzidwe mlandu umene wapalamula

▪ Oweruza sanafufuze zimene Yesu ankanena kuti anali Mesiya, zimene iwo ankati kunali ‘kunyoza Mulungu’

▪ Ayuda anasintha mlandu umene ankamuimba atafika naye kwa Pilato

▪ Milandu yonse imene ankamuimba inali yabodza

▪ Pilato analamulabe kuti Yesu aphedwe ngakhale anapeza kuti anali wosalakwa

[Bokosi patsamba 22]

Wopereka Umboni Wabodza Anali Ndi Mlandu wa Magazi

M’makhoti a Ayuda, munthu asanayambe kupereka umboni pa mlandu umene chilango chake chinali kuphedwa, ankapatsidwa chenjezo ili, losonyeza kuti moyo wa munthu uyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi wamtengo wapatali:

“Mwina mukufuna kupereka umboni pa zinthu zimene mukungoganiza kuti zinachitikadi, kapena zoti munangomva kapenanso zoti munamva kwa munthu wina amenenso anangomva kwa wina. Mwinanso mungaganize kuti, ‘Koma munthu amene anandiuza nkhaniyi sanganame.’ Mwina simukudziwa kuti pamapeto pake tikufunsani mafunso kuti tidziwe ngati mwanenadi zoona. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti malamulo a mlandu wokhudza katundu, ndi osiyana ndi malamulo a mlandu umene chilango chake ndi kuphedwa. Pa mlandu wokhudza katundu, munthu amalipira ndalama kuti asatsekeredwe m’ndende. Koma pa mlandu womwe chilango chake ndi kuphedwa, magazi [a munthu woimbidwa mlanduyo] komanso magazi a ana amene munthuyu akanadzabereka, amakhala pa mutu pa [munthu amene wapereka umboniyo] mpaka kalekale.”​—Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 37a.

Ngati woimbidwa mlandu waweruzidwa kuti aphedwe, anthu amene apereka umboni ndi amene ankayenera kupha munthuyo.​—Levitiko 24:14; Deuteronomo 17:6, 7.