Kodi Nkhani Yonena za Yesu Ndi Yongopeka?

YESU analibe chuma komanso udindo uliwonse m’dzikoli. Iye analibenso nyumba yakeyake. Komabe zimene ankaphunzitsa zakhala zikukhudza moyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Koma funso n’lakuti, Kodi Yesu Khristu analidi munthu weniweni? Nanga kodi akatswiri akale komanso amasiku ano amanena zotani pa nkhaniyi?

• Michael Grant, yemwe ndi katswiri wa mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu akale, anati: “Pofuna kutsimikizira ngati nkhani za m’Chipangano Chatsopano ndi zoona kapena ayi, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zofanana ndi zimene timagwiritsa ntchito poona ngati zolemba zina zakale zili zoona kapena ayi. Tikagwiritsa ntchito mfundozi, sitingakayikire kuti Yesu ndi munthu weniweni mofanana ndi mmene sitikayikirira za anthu ambiri akale.”

• Rudolf Bultmann, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro okhudza Chipangano Chatsopano, anati: “Palibe zifukwa zomveka zokayikirira kuti Yesu analipodi ndipo kutsutsa anthu okayikirawo n’kungotaya nthawi. Palibe munthu wanzeru zake amene angakayikire zoti Yesu ndi amene anayambitsa gulu lapadera lomwe poyamba linapangidwa ndi anthu a ku Palesitina [Akhristu].”

• Will Durant, yemwe ndi katswiri wa mbiri yakale ndi nzeru za anthu komanso wolemba mabuku, anati: “Zingakhale zodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa chozizwitsa chilichonse cholembedwa m’mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino kuti pa zaka zochepa kagulu ka anthu wamba [amene analemba mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino] kangapeke nkhani yokhudza munthu wa makhalidwe abwino ndiponso ochititsa chidwi chonchi komanso yokhudza mfundo zapamwamba zothandiza anthu kukhalira limodzi bwinobwino.”

• Albert Einstein, yemwe ndi Myuda wobadwira ku Germany komanso katswiri wa sayansi, anati: “Ndine Myuda koma ndimachita chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani ya munthu wochititsa chidwi wa ku Nazareti uja.” Atafunsidwa ngati amaona kuti Yesu analidi munthu weniweni, anayankha kuti: “N’zosachita kufunsa. Palibe amene angawerenge mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino popanda kudziwa kuti Yesu analidi weniweni. Makhalidwe ake amaonekera kwambiri m’nkhani zonse za m’mabukuwa. Kunena zoona, n’zosatheka kuti munthu apeke nkhani ngati zimenezi.”

  “Palibe amene angawerenge mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino popanda kudziwa kuti Yesu analidi weniweni.”—Albert Einstein

Nkhani zambiri zokhudza Yesu ndiponso utumiki wake zimapezeka m’mabuku a m’Baibulo a Uthenga Wabwino. Mabukuwa anapatsidwa mayina a olemba ake, omwe ndi Mateyu, Maliko, Luka ndi Yohane. Komanso pali mabuku ena akale olembedwa ndi anthu amene sanali Akhristu omwe amanenanso za Yesu.

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  TACITUS

  (Tacitus anabadwa cha mma 56 C.E.) Anthu amaona kuti Tacitus anali katswiri wodziwa kwambiri za mbiri yakale ya ufumu wa Roma. Mabuku ake amafotokoza mbiri ya ufumuwu kuchokera m’chaka cha 14 mpaka 68 C.E. (Yesu anamwalira mu 33 C.E.) Tacitus analemba kuti anthu ankaona kuti Mfumu Nero ndi yomwe inayambitsa moto umene unawononga mzinda wa Roma mu 64 C.E. Koma analembanso kuti Nero anaimba mlandu Akhristu n’cholinga choti “awaphimbe anthu m’maso.” Kenako Tacitus anati: “Khristu, yemwe anayambitsa [Chikhristu], anaphedwa mu ulamuliro wa Tiberiyo ndipo Pontiyo Pilato, yemwe anali bwanamkubwa, ndi amene analamula zimenezi.”—Annals, XV, 44.

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  SUETONIUS

  (Suetonius anabadwa cha mma 69 C.E.) M’buku lake, Suetonius analemba zimene zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa mafumu 11 oyambirira a ufumu wa Roma. (Lives of the Caesars) M’chigawo chimene chimafotokoza za Kalaudiyo anafotokozamo kuti Ayuda a ku Roma ankakonda kukangana pa nkhani ya Yesu. (Machitidwe 18:2) Suetonius analemba kuti: “Popeza kuti Ayuda ankayambitsa chisokonezo chifukwa chokangana pa nkhani ya Khristu, [Kalaudiyo] anawathamangitsa ku Roma.” (The Deified Claudius, XXV, 4) Ngakhale kuti Suetonius anaimba mlandu Yesu chifukwa cha chisokonezocho, zimene analemba zikusonyeza kuti sanakayikire zoti Yesu analidi munthu weniweni.

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  PLINY WAMNG’ONO

  (Pliny Wamng’ono anabadwa cha mma 61 C.E.) Pliny anali wolemba mabuku wa ku Roma komanso bwanamkubwa wa chigawo cha Bituniya (chomwe masiku ano chili ku Turkey). Iye analembera kalata Mfumu Trajan yokhudza zimene ankachita ndi Akhristu am’chigawochi. Pliny ananena kuti ankakakamiza Akhristu kuti asiye Chikhristu ndipo ankapha onse okana kuchita zimenezi. M’kalatayi, anati: “Onse amene ananditsatira ponena pemphero lopita kwa Milungu [yachikunja] ndiponso kupereka vinyo ndi zonunkhiritsa pokuthokozani . . . komanso amene pomaliza ananyoza Khristu . . . , ndinkaona kuti ayenera kumasulidwa.”—Pliny—Letters, Book X, XCVI.

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  FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS

  (Flavius Josephus anabadwa cha mma 37 C.E.) Josephus anali wansembe wachiyuda komanso wolemba mbiri yakale. Iye ananena kuti Anasi, yemwe anali mkulu wa ansembe wachiyuda komanso ankagwirizana ndi akuluakulu a boma, “anasonkhanitsa oweruza a Khoti lalikulu la Ayuda n’kuwabweretsera munthu wotchedwa Yakobo, yemwe anali mchimwene wake wa Yesu kapena kuti Khristu.”—Jewish Antiquities, XX, 200.

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  BUKU LA TALMUD

  M’buku la Talmud muli zolemba za aphunzitsi achiyuda za m’zaka za m’ma 200 mpaka 500 C.E. Zimene aphunzitsiwo analemba zimasonyeza kuti ngakhale adani a Yesu sankakayikira kuti anali munthu weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, analemba kuti: “Pa tsiku la Pasika, Yesu wa ku Nazareti anaphedwa.” Ndipo zimenezi zikugwirizana ndi zolemba za mbiri yakale. (Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 43a, Munich Codex; onani Yohane 19:14-16.) Zolemba zina za mu Talmud zimati: “Ndi bwino kuti tisadzakhalenso ndi mwana wina wodzichotsera ulemu pagulu ngati Mnazareti uja.” Nthawi zambiri Yesu amadziwikanso kuti Mnazareti.—Babylonian Talmud, Berakoth 17b, footnote, Munich Codex; onani Luka 18:37.

Mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino amafotokoza zinthu zambiri zokhudza moyo ndiponso utumiki wa Yesu. Amatchulanso mayina enieni a anthu, malo komanso nthawi yeniyeni imene zinthu zinachitikira, monga mmene nkhani zoona za mbiri yakale ziyenera kukhalira. Chitsanzo pa nkhaniyi ndi lemba la Luka 3:1, 2. Lembali limatithandiza kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni imene Yohane Mbatizi anayamba utumiki wake wodziwitsa anthu za Yesu.

Luka analemba kuti: “M’chaka cha 15 cha ulamuliro wa Kaisara Tiberiyo, Pontiyo Pilato anali bwanamkubwa wa Yudeya. Herode anali wolamulira chigawo cha Galileya. Filipo m’bale wake anali wolamulira chigawo cha madera a Itureya ndi Tirakoniti. Ndipo Lusaniyo anali wolamulira chigawo cha Abilene. M’masiku amenewo Anasi anali wansembe wamkulu ndipo Kayafa anali mkulu wa ansembe. Pa nthawiyo mawu a Mulungu anafika kwa Yohane mwana wa Zekariya m’chipululu.” Zimene Luka analembazi zikutithandiza kudziwa kuti “mawu a Mulungu anafika kwa Yohane” m’chaka cha 29 C.E.

Anthu 7 audindo omwe Luka anatchula m’mavesiwa ndi odziwika bwino m’mabuku a mbiri yakale. Ngakhale zili choncho, pa nthawi ina akatswiri ena ankatsutsa zoti Pontiyo Pilato ndi Lusaniyo anali anthu enieni. Koma kenako panapezeka zolemba zakale zomwe zimatchula anthu awiriwa ndipo izi zimatsimikizira kuti zimene Luka analembazi ndi zoona.a

N’zofunika kudziwa ngati Yesu anali munthu weniweni kapena ayi chifukwa zimene anaphunzitsa zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wathu. Mwachitsanzo, Yesu anaphunzitsa anthu zimene ayenera kuchita kuti akhale osangalala.b Iye analonjezanso za nthawi imene anthu onse azidzalamuliridwa ndi boma limodzi lomwe ndi “ufumu wa Mulungu” ndipo adzakhala ogwirizana, otetezeka komanso adzakhala pa mtendere weniweni.—Luka 4:43.

Dzina lakuti “Ufumu wa Mulungu” ndi loyenera kwambiri chifukwa bomali lidzaimira ulamuliro wa Mulungu padziko lonse lapansi. (Chivumbulutso 11:15) Yesu anasonyeza zimenezi m’pemphero lake lachitsanzo ponena kuti: “Atate wathu wakumwamba, . . . Ufumu wanu ubwere. Chifuniro chanu chichitike . . . pansi pano.” (Mateyu 6:9, 10) Kodi Ufumuwu udzawachitira zotani anthu? Udzachita zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Nkhondo ndiponso mikangano zidzatha.—Salimo 46:8-11.

• Anthu adyera, achinyengo komanso oipa onse sadzakhalaponso.—Salimo 37:10, 11.

• Anthu olamuliridwa ndi Ufumuwo azidzagwira ntchito zosangalatsa.—Yesaya 65:21, 22.

• Dziko lidzakhalanso lokongola kwambiri ndipo anthu azidzakolola zakudya zochuluka.—Salimo 72:16; Yesaya 11:9.

Anthu ena angaone kuti zimene Mulungu analonjezazi ndi zosatheka ndipo si nzeru kuzikhulupirira. Koma kodi tinganene kuti ndi nzeru kukhulupirira kuti anthu angathetse mavuto athu? Taganizirani izi: Ngakhale kuti masiku ano anthu ndi ophunzira kwambiri komanso atulukira zambiri pa nkhani ya sayansi ndi zopangapanga, ambiri amaopa zam’tsogolo. Komanso tsiku lililonse timaona anthu ambiri akuchita zinthu mwadyera komanso mwachinyengo. Timaonanso anthu amalonda, andale ndiponso achipembedzo akupondereza anthu anzawo. Apa zikuonekeratu kuti maboma a anthu alephera kulamulira bwino ndipo si nzeru kukhulupirira kuti angathetse mavuto athu.—Mlaliki 8:9.

Choncho taona kuti ndi bwino kutsimikizira ngati Yesu analidi munthu weniweni kapena ayi.c Lemba la 2 Akorinto 1:19, 20 limati: “Malonjezo a Mulungu, kaya akhale ochuluka chotani, akhala Inde kudzera mwa [Khristu].”