Mulungu ndi Kaisara

“Chifukwa chake perekani kwa Kaisara zake za Kaisara, ndi kwa Mulungu zake za Mulungu.”​—LUKA 20:25.

 1. (a) Kodi ndi ati amene ali malo okwezeka a Yehova? (b) Kodi tili ndi mangaŵa otani kwa Yehova amene sitingathe kupereka kwa Kaisara?

PAMENE Yesu Kristu anapereka malangizo amenewo, analibe chikayikiro chakuti zofunika za Mulungu kwa atumiki Ake zili pamalo oyamba motsatiridwa ndi zija zimene Kaisara, kapena Boma lingafune kwa iwo. Yesu anadziŵa bwino kwambiri kuposa aliyense kuona kwa pemphero la wamasalmo kwa Yehova: “Ufumu wanu ndiwo ufumu womka muyaya, ndi kuweruza kwanu [“ufumu,” NW]a kufikira mibadwo yonseyonse.” (Salmo 145:13) Pamene Mdyerekezi anapempha kupatsa Yesu ulamuliro pa maufumu onse a dziko lokhalamo anthu, Yesu anayankha kuti: “Kwalembedwa kuti, Yehova Mulungu wako ndiye amene uyenera kumlambira, ndipo iye yekhayo uzimchitira utumiki wopatulika.” (Luka 4:5-8, NW) “Kaisara,” kaya ngati Kaisarayo anali mfumu ya Roma, munthu wina wolamulira, kapena Boma lenilenilo sanayenere kulambiridwa.

 2. (a) Kodi malo a Satana ndi otani ku dzikoli? (b) Kodi Satana waloledwa ndi yani kukhala m’malo amenewo?

² Yesu sanakane kuti maufumu a dziko anali a Satana. Pambuyo pake, anatcha Satana kuti “mkulu wa dziko ili lapansi.” (Yohane 12:31; 16:11) Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana loyamba C.E., mtumwi Yohane analemba kuti: “Tidziŵa kuti tili ife ochokera mwa Mulungu, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi ligona mwa woipayo.” (1 Yohane 5:19) Zimenezi sizimatanthauza kuti Yehova waleka kuchita ufumu padziko lapansi. Kumbukirani kuti Satana, pamene anali kupempha kupatsa Yesu ulamuliro pa maufumu andale onse, anati: “Ine ndidzapatsa inu ulamuliro wonse umenewu . . . chifukwa unaperekedwa kwa ine.” (Luka 4:6) Satana ali ndi ulamuliro pa maufumu a dziko mwa chilolezo cha Mulungu chabe.

 3. (a) Kodi maboma a maiko ali ndi malo otani pamaso pa Yehova? (b) Kodi tinganene motani kuti kugonjera maboma a dzikoli sikumatanthauza kugonjera kwathu Satana, mulungu wa dzikoli?

³ Mofananamo, Boma limachita ulamuliro wake chifukwa chokha chakuti Mulungu monga Mfumu Yolamulira amalilola kuchita motero. (Yohane 19:11) Motero, kunganenedwe kuti “iwo [maulamuliro] amene alipo aikidwa ndi Mulungu.” Poyerekezera ndi ulamuliro waufumu wapamwamba wa Yehova, wawowo uli ulamuliro waung’ono kwambiri. Komabe, iwo ndiwo “mtumiki wa Mulungu,” “atumiki a Mulungu,” chifukwa chakuti amachita mautumiki ofunika, kusungitsa bata ndi mtendere, ndi kulanga ochita zoipa. (Aroma 13:1, 4, 6) Chotero Akristu afunikira kumvetsa kuti ngakhale kuti Satana ali wolamulira wosaoneka wa dzikoli, kapena dongosololi, samamgonjera pamene azindikira za kugonjera kwawo Boma kokhala ndi polekezera. Iwo amangomvera Mulungu. M’chaka chino, 1996, Boma la ndale likali mbali ya “makonzedwe a Mulungu,” makonzedwe akanthaŵi amene Mulungu walola kukhalako, ndipo ayenera kuonedwa motero ndi atumiki apadziko lapansi a Yehova.​—Aroma 13:2, NW.

Atumiki a Yehova Akale ndi Boma

 4. Kodi nchifukwa ninji Yehova analola Yosefe kukhala ndi malo aakulu m’boma la Igupto?

⁴ M’nthaŵi za Chikristu chisanadze, Yehova analola atumiki ake ena kukhala ndi malo aakulu m’Maboma a maiko. Mwachitsanzo, m’zaka za zana la 18 B.C.E., Yosefe anakhala nduna yaikulu ya Igupto, wachiŵiri kwa Farao amene anali kulamulira. (Genesis 41:39-43) Zochitika zotsatira zinasonyeza poyera kuti Yehova ndiye anachititsa zimenezi kotero kuti Yosefe atumikire monga chiŵiya chopulumutsira ‘mbewu ya Abrahamu,’ mbadwa zake, kaamba ka kukwaniritsa zifuno Zake. Zoonadi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Yosefe anagulitsidwa mu ukapolo ku Igupto, ndipo anali kukhala ndi moyo panthaŵiyo pamene atumiki a Mulungu analibe Chilamulo cha Mose kapenanso “chilamulo cha Kristu.”​—Genesis 15:5-7; 50:19-21; Agalatiya 6:2.

 5. Kodi nchifukwa ninji andende achiyuda analamulidwa ‘kufunira mtendere’ Babulo?

⁵ Zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pake Yeremiya mneneri wokhulupirikayo anauziridwa ndi Yehova kuuza Ayuda ogwidwa ukapolo kugonjera olamulira pamene anali mu ukapolo ku Babulo ndipo ngakhale kupempherera mtendere wa mzinda umenewo. M’kalata yake imene anawalembera, anati: “Yehova wa makamu, Mulungu wa Israyeli atero, kwa amnsinga onse, . . . [Funani] mtendere wa mudzi umene ndinakutengerani amnsinga, nimuwapempherere kwa Yehova; pakuti mwa mtendere wake inunso mudzakhala ndi mtendere.” (Yeremiya 29:4, 7) Nthaŵi zonse anthu a Yehova akhala ndi chifukwa ‘kufunafuna mtendere’ wa iwo eni ndi maiko amene amakhala kuti akhale ndi ufulu wa kulambira Yehova.​—1 Petro 3:11.

 6. Ngakhale kuti anapatsidwa malo audindo apamwamba m’boma, kodi Danieli ndi mabwenzi ake atatu anakana m’njira zotani kuswa Chilamulo cha Yehova?

⁶ Mkati mwa ukapolo wa ku Babulo, Danieli ndi Ayuda ena atatu okhulupirika amene anali andende ku Babulo anagonjera kupatsidwa maphunziro a Boma nakhala adindo aboma amalo aakulu ku Babulo. (Danieli 1:3-7; 2:48, 49) Komabe, ngakhale mkati mwa maphunziro awo, iwo anachirimika pankhani ya chakudya chimene chikanawachititsa kuswa Chilamulo chimene Mulungu wawo, Yehova, anachipereka kupyolera mwa Mose. Iwo anadalitsidwa chifukwa cha zimenezi. (Danieli 1:8-17) Pamene Mfumu Nebukadinezara anaimika fano la Boma, mwachionekere mabwenzi atatu achihebri a Danieli anakakamizidwa kukakhala pa mwambo wake limodzi ndi adindo anzawo a Boma. Komabe, iwo anakana ‘kugwadira ndi kulambira’ fano la Boma. Kachiŵirinso, Yehova anafupa umphumphu wawo. (Danieli 3:1-6, 13-28) Mofananamo lerolino, Mboni za Yehova zimalemekeza mbendera ya dziko limene amakhalamo, koma sizimailambira.​—Eksodo 20:4, 5; 1 Yohane 5:21.

 7. (a) Kodi ndi kaimidwe kabwino kwambiri kotani kamene Danieli anatenga, ngakhale kuti anali ndi malo apamwamba m’boma la Babulo? (b) Kodi ndi masinthidwe otani amene anakhalako m’nthaŵi zachikristu?

⁷ Ulamuliro watsopano wa m’banja wa Babulo utagwa, Danieli anapatsidwa malo apamwamba m’boma mu ulamuliro wa Amedi ndi Aperisi umene unaloŵa m’malo mwake ku Babulo. (Danieli 5:30, 31; 6:1-3) Koma sanalole kuti malo ake apamwambawo amchititse kugonja pa umphumphu wake. Pamene lamulo la Boma linafuna kuti iyeyo alambire Mfumu Dariyo m’malo mwa Yehova, iye anakana. Pa chifukwa chimenechi anaponyedwa ku mikango, koma Yehova anamlanditsa. (Danieli 6:4-24) Ndithudi, zimenezi zinachitika Chikristu chisanadze. Pamene mpingo wachikristu unakhazikitsidwa, atumiki a Mulungu anakhala ‘omvera lamulo kwa Kristu.’ Zinthu zambiri zimene dongosolo lachiyuda linaloleza zinafunikira kulingaliridwa mwa mtundu wina, malinga ndi njira imene tsopano Yehova anali kuchitira ndi anthu ake.​—1 Akorinto 9:21; Mateyu 5:31, 32; 19:3-9.

Maganizo a Yesu Kulinga ku Boma

 8. Kodi nchochitika chotani chimene chimasonyeza kuti Yesu anatsimikiza kupeŵa kuloŵa m’zandale?

⁸ Pamene Yesu Kristu anali padziko lapansi, anaika miyezo yapamwamba kwa otsatira ake, ndipo anakana kuloŵa m’nkhani zonse zandale kapena zankhondo. Yesu atadyetsa mozizwitsa zikwi zingapo za anthu mitanda ya mikate yoŵerengeka ndi tinsomba tiŵiri, amuna achiyuda anafuna kumgwira ndi kumpanga mfumu ya ndale. Koma Yesu anawapeŵa mwa kumka kumapiri mofulumira. (Yohane 6:5-15) Ponena za chochitikachi, The New International Commentary on the New Testament ikuti: “Ayuda apanthaŵiyo anali kufunitsitsa kukhala ndi mtsogoleri wa mtunduwo, ndipo mosakayikira ambiri a aja amene anaona chozizwitsacho anaganiza kuti mtsogoleri wovomerezedwa ndi Mulungu anali atafika, amenedi anali woyenerera kuwatsogolera pa kulimbana ndi Aroma. Chotero anaganiza zomuika kukhala mfumu.” Imawonjezera kuti Yesu “anakaniratu” pempho limeneli la utsogoleri wandale. Kristu sanachirikize chiukiro chilichonse cha Ayuda pa ulamuliro wa Roma. Indedi, iye ananeneratu za chimene chidzakhala chotulukapo cha chipanduko chimene chidzachitika pambuyo pa imfa yake​—masoka osaneneka kwa nzika za Yerusalemu ndi chiwonongeko cha mzindawo.​—Luka 21:20-24.

 9. (a) Kodi Yesu anafotokoza motani za unansi wa pakati pa Ufumu wake ndi dziko? (b) Kodi Yesu anapereka chitsogozo chotani kwa otsatira ake ponena za zochita zawo ndi maboma a dziko?

⁹ Imfa yake ili pafupi, Yesu anauza kazembe wina wapadera wa mfumu ya Roma ku Yudeya kuti: “Ufumu wanga suli wa dziko lino lapansi; ufumu wanga ukadakhala wa dziko lino lapansi, anyamata anga akadalimbika nkhondo, kuti ndisaperekedwe kwa Ayuda; koma tsopano ufumu wanga suli wochokera konkuno.” (Yohane 18:36) Kufikira pamene Ufumu wake udzathetsa ulamuliro wa maboma andale, ophunzira a Kristu amatsatira chitsanzo chake. Pamene kuli kwakuti amamvera maulamuliro okhazikitsidwawo, samaloŵa m’zochita zawo zandale. (Danieli 2:44; Mateyu 4:8-10) Yesu anapereka zitsogozo kwa ophunzira ake, akumati: “Patsani kwa Kaisara zake za Kaisara, ndi kwa Mulungu zake za Mulungu.” (Mateyu 22:21) Poyambirira, mu Ulaliki wake wa pa Phiri, Yesu anali atanena kuti: “Amene [ali ndi ulamuliro, NW] akakukakamiza kumperekeza njira imodzi, upite naye ziŵiri.” (Mateyu 5:41) M’nkhani yonse ya ulalikiwu, Yesu anali kusonyeza njira ya kugonjera kofunitsitsa pa zofunsira zoyenera, kaya ndi m’maunansi a anthu kapena m’zofunika za boma zimene zili zogwirizana ndi lamulo la Mulungu.​—Luka 6:27-31; Yohane 17:14, 15.

Akristu ndi Kaisara

10. Malinga ndi kunena kwa wolemba mbiri, kodi Akristu oyambirira anali ndi kaimidwe kotani kosamala kulinga kwa Kaisara?

¹⁰ Zitsogozo zimenezi zachidule zinafunikira kulamulira unansi wa Akristu ndi Boma. M’buku lake lakuti The Rise of Christianity, wolemba mbiri E. W. Barnes analemba kuti: “Kwa zaka mazana ambiri zimene zinalinkudza, ngati Mkristu anali ndi chikayikiro chonena za thayo lake ku Boma, anali kutembenukira pa chiphunzitso chokhala ndi ulamuliro cha Kristu. Anali kukhoma misonkho: ngakhale ngati misonkhoyo inali yandalama zochuluka kwambiri​—inakhala yosapiririka Ufumu Wakumadzulo usanagwe​—koma Mkristu anali kuikhomabe. Mofananamo iye analandira mathayo ena onse a Boma, malinga ngati iye sanafunikire kupereka za Mulungu kwa Kaisara.”

11. Kodi Paulo analangiza Akristu kuchita motani ndi olamulira a dziko?

¹¹ Kunali mogwirizana ndi zimenezi kuti patangoposa pang’ono zaka 20 imfa ya Kristu itachitika, mtumwi Paulo anauza Akristu a ku Roma kuti: “Anthu onse amvere maulamuliro aakulu.” (Aroma 13:1) Pafupifupi zaka khumi pambuyo pake, atatsala pang’ono kuikidwa m’ndende kachiŵiri ndi kuphedwa ku Roma, Paulo analembera Tito kuti: “Uwakumbutse iwo [Akristu a ku Krete] agonje kwa akulu, ndi aulamuliro, akhale omvera, okonzeka pa ntchito iliyonse yabwino; asachitire mwano munthu aliyense, asakhale andewu, akhale aulere, naonetsere chifatso chonse pa anthu onse.”​—Tito 3:1, 2.

Kamvedwe Kopita Patsogolo ka “Maulamuliro Aakulu”

12. (a) Kodi nchiyani chimene Charles Taze Russell analingalira kukhala kaimidwe koyenera ka Mkristu kulinga ku maulamuliro a boma? (b) Ponena za kutumikira m’magulu a nkhondo, kodi ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana otani amene Akristu odzozedwa anali nawo mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko I?

¹² Kalekale cha ku ma 1886, Charles Taze Russell analemba m’buku lakuti The Plan of the Ages kuti: “Yesu ngakhalenso Atumwi sanadodometse olamulira a dziko lapansi m’njira iliyonse. . . . Anaphunzitsa Tchalitchi kumvera malamulo, ndi kulemekeza aulamuliro chifukwa cha udindo wawo, . . . kukhoma misonkho yawo yoikidwa, ndipo kusiyapo kokha pamene iwo awombana ndi malamulo a Mulungu (Mac. 4:19; 5:29) kusakana lamulo lililonse lokhazikitsidwa. (Aroma 13:1-7; Mat. 22:21) Yesu ndi Atumwiwo ndi tchalitchi choyambirira onse anali omvera lamulo, ngakhale kuti anali olekana ndi dziko ndipo sanakhale ndi phande m’zochitika za boma lake.” Buku limeneli linadziŵikitsa molondola “maulamuliro apamwamba,” kapena “maulamuliro aakulu,” otchulidwa ndi mtumwi Paulo, kukhala maulamuliro a boma la anthu. (Aroma 13:1, King James Version) Mu 1904 buku lakuti The New Creation linanena kuti Akristu oona “ayenera kukhala pakati pa anthu omvera lamulo koposa apanthaŵi ino​—osati osonkhezera chipolowe, osati okonda mkangano, osati ofunafuna zifukwa.” Ena analingalira zimenezi kukhala zikutanthauza kugonjera kotheratu maulamuliro, ngakhale kufikira pa kuvomereza kuchita utumiki m’magulu ankhondo mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko I. Komabe, ena anauona kukhala wotsutsana ndi mawu a Yesu akuti: “Onse akugwira lupanga adzawonongeka ndi lupanga.” (Mateyu 26:52) Mwachionekere, panafunikira kamvedwe kabwino pa kugonjera kwachikristu ku maulamuliro aakulu.

13. Kodi ndi kusintha kotani m’kamvedwe ka amene ali maulamuliro apamwamba kumene kunafotokozedwa mu 1929, ndipo kodi zimenezi zinakhala zothandiza motani?

¹³ Mu 1929, panthaŵi imene malamulo a maboma osiyanasiyana anali kuyamba kuletsa zinthu zimene Mulungu amalamula kapena kufuna zinthu zimene malamulo a Mulungu amaletsa, kunalingaliridwa kuti maulamuliro apamwamba ayenera kukhala Yehova Mulungu ndi Yesu Kristu.b Aka ndiko kamvedwe kamene atumiki a Yehova anali nako mkati mwa nyengo yovutayo Nkhondo Yadziko II isanachitike ndi mkati mwake limodzi ndi kupitiriza kuloŵa mu Nkhondo ya Mawu, ndi kuwopana kwake kwa maiko ndi kukhala chire pa zankhondo. Polingalira za kumbuyoku, tinganene kuti lingaliro limeneli la zinthu, limene linakweza kupambana kwa Yehova ndi Kristu, linathandiza anthu a Mulungu kusunga mosagonja kaimidwe kauchete m’nyengo yonse imeneyi yovuta.

Kugonjera Kokhala ndi Malire

14. Kodi kuunika kowonjezereka kunaŵala motani pa Aroma 13:1, 2 ndi malemba ena ogwirizana nalo mu 1962?

¹⁴ Mu 1961 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures inamalizidwa. Kukonzedwa kwake kunafuna kufufuza kwakuya kwa mawu a chinenero cha Malemba. Matembenuzidwe olondola a mawu amene agwiritsiridwa ntchito osati mu Aroma chaputala 13 mokha komanso m’mavesi onga Tito 3:1, 2 ndi 1 Petro 2:13, 17 anasonyeza poyera kuti liwulo “maulamuliro aakulu” silinali kunena za Ulamuliro Wapamwambamwamba, Yehova, ndi kwa Mwana wake, Yesu, koma za maulamuliro a maboma a anthu. Kumapeto kwa 1962, nkhani zimene zinafotokoza molondola Aroma chaputala 13 ndiponso kupereka lingaliro lomveka bwino kuposa lija limene linalipo panthaŵi ya C. T. Russell zinafalitsidwa mu Nsanja ya Olonda. Nkhani zimenezi zinasonyeza kuti kugonjera kwa Akristu ku maulamuliro sikungakhale kopanda malire. Kuyenera kukhala ndi malire, kosafunikira kuchititsa atumiki a Mulungu kuwombana ndi malamulo a Mulungu. Nkhani zinanso mu Nsanja ya Olonda zagogomezera mfundo yofunika imeneyi.c

15, 16. (a) Kodi kamvedwe katsopano pa Aroma chaputala 13 kanabweretsa lingaliro loyenera lotani? (b) Kodi ndi mafunso otani amene afunikira kuyankhidwa?

¹⁵ Mfungulo imeneyi ya kamvedwe kolondola pa Aroma chaputala 13 yakhozetsa anthu a Yehova kulinganiza ulemu woyenera kuperekedwa kwa maulamuliro andale ndi kaimidwe kosagonja pa mapulinsipulo a Malemba ofunika. (Salmo 97:11; Yeremiya 3:15) Zimenezi zawapatsa lingaliro loyenera pa unansi wawo ndi Mulungu ndi pa zochita zawo ndi Boma. Zawachititsa kutsimikizira kuti pamene akupatsa Kaisara zake za Kaisara, sayenera kunyalanyaza kupatsa Mulungu zake za Mulungu.

¹⁶ Koma kodi zake za Kaisara nchiyani? Kodi Boma lingafunenji moyenera kwa Mkristu? Mafunso ameneŵa adzayankhidwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Mokondweretsa, m’ndemanga yake pa Aroma chaputala 13, Profesa F. F. Bruce akulemba kuti: “Nkwachionekere kuti kuchokera m’mawu a m’nkhaniyi, monga momwe zakhalira ndi nkhani yonse ya zolemba za atumwi, boma lili ndi kuyenera kwa kulamula anthu kulimvera kokha pa zifuno zimene Mulungu waliikira​—makamaka, boma liyenera kukanizidwa pamene lipempha kugonjera kumene kuli kwa Mulungu yekha.”

Kodi Mungalongosole?

◻ Kodi nchifukwa ninji kugonjera maulamuliro aakulu sikumatanthauza kugonjera Satana?

◻ Kodi maganizo a Yesu anali otani kulinga ku ndale za m’tsiku lake?

◻ Kodi Yesu anapereka uphungu wotani kwa otsatira ake ponena za kuchita zinthu kwawo ndi Kaisara?

◻ Kodi Paulo analangiza Akristu kuchita motani ndi olamulira a maiko?

◻ Kodi kamvedwe ka amene ali maulamuliro aakulu kachitika motani m’kupita kwa zaka?

[Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Pamene Satana anapempha kumpatsa ulamuliro wandale, Yesu anakana

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Russell analemba kuti Akristu “ayenera kukhala pakati pa anthu omvera lamulo koposa apanthaŵi ino”