Maholide
Tanthauzo: Masiku amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali a mpumulo wakuthupi ndi sukulu kaamba ka kukumbukira chochitika. Masiku otero angakhalenso nthaŵi za kuchita mapwando abanja kapena achitaganya. Otenga mbali angawawone kukhala achipembedzo kapena kwakukulukulu a zochitika za anthu kapena zadziko.
Kodi Krisimasi iri phwando lochirikizidwa ndi Baibulo?
Deti la kuchita phwandolo
Cyclopædia ya M’Clintock ndi Strong imati: “Kusungidwa kwa Krisimasi sikuli kolamulidwa ndi Mulungu, ndiponso sikuli kochokera mu Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano]. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Kristu silingatsimikiziridwe kuchokera mu Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano], kapenadi, kuchokera kumagwero ena alionse.”—(New York, 1871) Vol. II, p. 276.
Luka 2:8-11 imasonyeza kuti abusa anali kuthengo pausiku pa nthaŵi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu. Bukhu lotchedwa Daily Life in the Time of Jesus limafotokoza kuti: “Nkhosa . . . zinathera nthaŵi yadzinja m’makola; ndipo mwa ichi chokha kungawonedwe kuti deti lovomerezedwa ndi mwambo la Krisimasi, m’dzinja, silikuwonekera kukhala lolungama, popeza Uthenga Wabwino umanena kuti abusa anali kuthengo.”—(New York, 1962), Henri Daniel-Rops, p. 228.
The Encyclopedia Americana imatiuza kuti: “Chifukwa chokhazikitsira December 25 kukhala Krisimasi chiri chokaikiritsa pang’ono, koma kaŵirikaŵiri chimachitidwa patsiku limene linasankhidwa kuyenderana ndi mapwando achikunja amene anachitika m’nthaŵi ya pakati pa dzinja, pamene masiku amayamba kutalika, kuchita phwando la ‘kubadwanso kwa dzuŵa.’ . . . Saturnalia Yachiroma (phwando lochitidwira Saturn, mulungu wa malimidwe, ndi nyonga yoyambiranso ya dzuŵa), inachitikanso panthaŵiyi, ndipo miyambo ina ya Krisimasi imalingaliridwa kukhala yochokera m’phwando lakalekale lachikunja limeneli.”—(1977), Vol. 6, p. 666.
New Catholic Encyclopedia imavomereza kuti: “Deti la kubadwa kwa Kristu nlosadziŵika. Mauthenga Abwino samasonyeza tsiku kapena mwezi . . . Mogwirizana ndi kuyerekezera koperekedwa ndi H. Usener . . . ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi ophunzira ochuluka lerolino, kubadwa kwa Kristu kunaikidwa padeti la nthaŵi yadzinja yozizira (December 25 pakalendala ya Julian, January 6 mu Igupto), chifukwa chakuti patsikuli, pamene dzuŵa linayamba kubwerera kumitambo yakumpoto, olambira achikunja a Mithra anachita phwando la dies natalis Solis Invicti (tsiku la kubadwa kwa dzuŵa losagonjetseka). Pa Dec. 25, 274, Aurelian anali atalengeza mulungu wa dzuŵa mbuye wamkulu wa ulamulirowo napatulikitsa kachisi kwa iye mu Campus Martius. Krisimasi inayamba panthaŵi imene mwambo wadzuŵa unali wamphamvu kwambiri ku Roma.”—(1967), Vol. III, p. 656.
Anzeru akummaŵa, kapena Amagi, otsogozedwa ndi nyenyezi
Kwenikweni Amagi amenewo anali openda nyenyezi akummaŵa. (Mat. 2:1, 2, NW; NE) Ngakhale kuli kwakuti kupenda nyenyezi kuli chizoloŵezi chotchuka pakati pa anthu ambiri lerolino, iko nkosavomerezedwa konse m’Baibulo. (Wonani tsamba 120, 121, pamutu waukulu wakuti “Choikidwiratu.”) Kodi Mulungu akanatsogolera anthu amene zizoloŵezi zawo Iye anazitsutsa kuti apite kwa Yesu wobadwa chatsopanoyo?
Mateyu 2:1-16 amasonyeza kuti nyenyezi inatsogolera openda nyenyeziwo choyamba kwa Mfumu Herode ndiyeno kwa Yesu ndi kuti pamenepo Herode anafunafuna kupha Yesu. Sikunatchulidwe kuti munthu wina aliyense anawona “nyenyezi” kusiyapo kokha openda nyenyeziwo. Atachoka, mngelo wa Yehova anachenjeza Yosefe kuthaŵira ku Igupto kutetezera mwanayo. Kodi “nyenyezi” imeneyo inali chizindikiro chochokera kwa Mulungu kapena kodi inachokera kwa munthu wina amene anali kufunafuna kuwonongetsa Mwana wa Mulungu?
Tawonani kuti cholembedwa cha Baibulo sichimanena kuti anapeza Yesu wakhandayo modyera ng’ombe, monga momwe mwamwambo kumasonyezedwera m’zithunzi zojambulidwa pa Krisimasi. Pamene openda nyenyezi anafika, Yesu ndi makolo ake anali kukhala m’nyumba. Ponena za msinkhu wa Yesu panthaŵiyo, kumbukirani kuti, kuchokera m’zimene Herode anali atamva kuchokera kwa openda nyenyezi, analamula kuti anyamata onse m’chigawo cha Betelehemu amsinkhu wa zaka ziŵiri zakubadwa ndi ocheperapo aphedwe.—Mat. 2:1, 11, 16.
Kupatsana mphatso monga mbali ya phwandolo; mbiri za Santa Claus, Tate Krisimasi, ndi zina zotero.
Chizoloŵezi cha kupatsana mphatso pa Krisimasi sichiri chochokera pa zimene zinachitidwa ndi Amagi. Monga momwe kwasonyezedwera pamwambapa, iwo sanafike panthaŵi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu. Ndiponso, iwo anapatsana mphatso, osati wina ndi mnzake, koma anapatsa khandalo Yesu, mogwirizana ndi mwambo wa panthaŵiyo pokacheza kwa anthu olemekezeka.
The Encyclopedia Americana imafotokoza kuti: “M’nthaŵi ya Saturnalia . . . kuchita mapwando kunali kochuluka, ndipo mphatso zinali kusinthanitsidwa.” (1977, Vol. 24, p. 299) M’zochitika zochuluka zimenezo zimaimira mzimu wa kupatsana kwa pa Krisimasi—kusinthana mphatso. Mzimu wosonyezedwa m’kupatsana mphatso koteroko sumabweretsa chimwemwe chenicheni, chifukwa chakuti umaswa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino Achikristu monga aja olembedwa pa Mateyu 6:3, 4 ndi 2 Akorinto 9:7. Ndithudi Mkristu angakhoze kupatsa mphatso kwa ena monga chisonyezero chachikondi panthaŵi zina mkati mwa chaka, akumatero mwakaŵirikaŵiri monga momwe amafunira.
Modalira ndi kumene iwo amakhala, ana amauzidwa kuti mphatsozo zabweretsedwa ndi Santa Claus, St. Nicholas, Tate Krisimasi, Père Noël, Knecht Ruprecht, anzeru akummaŵa, Jultomten wachichepere (kapena Julenissen), kapena mfiti ina yodziŵika monga La Befana. (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1984, Vol. 3, p. 414) Ndithudi, palibe iriyonse ya nthanozo iridi yowona. Kodi kusimba nthano zotero kumalimbikitsa mwa anawo kuchitira ulemu chowonadi, ndipo kodi chizoloŵezi chotero chimalemekeza Yesu Kristu, amene anaphunzitsa kuti Mulungu ayenera kulambiridwa m’chowonadi?—Yoh. 4:23, 24.
Kodi pali chiletso chirichonse cha kuchita nawo mapwando amene angakhale ndi magwero achikunja malinga ngati sakuchitidwira zifukwa zachipembedzo?
Aef. 5:10, 11: “Kuyesera chokondweretsa Ambuye nchiyani; ndipo musayanjane nazo ntchito za mdima zosabala kanthu, koma makamakanso mudzitsutse.”
2 Akor. 6:14-18: “Chilungamo chigaŵana bwanji ndi chosalungama? Kapena kuunika kuyanjana bwanji ndi mdima? Ndipo Kristu avomerezana bwanji ndi Beliyali? Kapena wokhulupirira ali nalo gawo lanji ndi wosakhulupirira? Ndipo chiphatikizo chake nchanji ndi kachisi wa Mulungu ndi wa mafano? . . . Chifukwa chake, Tulukani pakati pawo, ndipo patukani, ati Ambuye, ndipo musamakhudza kanthu kosakonzeka; ndipo ine ndidzalandira inu, . . . inu mudzakhala kwa ine ana aamuna ndi aakazi, anena Wamphamvuyonse.” (Kukonda Yehova mowonadi ndi chikhumbo champhamvu cha kumkondweretsa zidzathandiza munthu kuwonjoka pa zizoloŵezi zachikunja zimene zingakhale zokondweretsa maganizo. Munthu amene amadziŵadi ndi kukondadi Yehova samalingalira kuti mwa kupeŵa zizoloŵezi zimene zimalemekeza milungu yonama kapena kupititsa patsogolo mabodza akumanidwa chimwemwe mwa njira iriyonse. Chikondi chowona chimamchititsa kusangalala, osati pa chisalungamo, koma ndi chowonadi. Wonani 1 Akorinto 13:6.)
Yerekezerani ndi Eksodo 32:4-10. Tawonani kuti Aisrayeli anavomereza chizoloŵezi cha chipembedzo Chachiigupto koma anachipatsa dzina latsopano lakuti, “madyerero a Yehova.” Koma Yehova anaŵalanga kwadzawoneni kaamba ka kuchita zimenezi. Lerolino tikuwona zizoloŵezi za m’zaka za zana la 20 zogwirizanitsidwa ndi maholide. Zina zingawonekere kukhala zosavulaza. Koma Yehova anawona chiyambi cha magwero a zizoloŵezizo. Kodi malingaliro ake sayenera kukhala nkhani yaikulu kwa ife?
Chitsanzo: Tinene kuti khamu la anthu likufika panyumba ya bwana wina likunena kuti ladza kumadyerero a tsiku lake la kubadwa. Iye sakuvomereza kuchita madyerero a masiku akubadwa. Iye sakufuna kuwona anthu alinkudya mopambanitsa kapena kumwa mopambanitsa kapena kuchita chisembwere. Koma ena a iwo akuchita zinthu zonsezo, ndipo akubweretsa mphatso kwa aliyense wofikapo kusiyapo iye yekha! Kowonjezera pa zonsezo, iwo akusankha tsiku lakubadwa la mmodzi wa adani a mwamunayo kukhala deti lochitirapo madyererowo. Kodi mwamunayo angalingalire motani? Kodi inu mukafuna kukhala mbali ya kaguluko? Zimenezi ndizo zimenedi zikuchitidwa ndi ochita madyerero a Krisimasi.
Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a Isitala ndi miyambo yogwirizanitsidwa nayo?
The Encyclopædia Britannica imati: “Palibe chisonyezero cha kusungidwa kwa phwando la Isitala m’Chipangano Chatsopano, kapena m’zolembedwa za atumwi oyambirira. Kupatulika kwa nthaŵi zapadera kunali lingaliro limene silinali m’maganizo a Akristu oyambirira.”—(1910), Vol. VIII, p. 828.
The Catholic Encyclopedia imatiuza kuti: “Miyambo yambirimbiri yachikunja, kuchitira phwando kubwereranso kwamphakasa kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi Isitala. Dzira liri chizindikiro cha kuphukira kwa moyo wa kuchiyambiyambi kwa mphakasa. . . . Kalulu ali chisonyezero chachikunja ndipo nthaŵi zonse wakhala chizindikiro cha kubala.”—(1913), Vol. V, p. 227.
M’bukhu la The Two Babylons, lolembedwa ndi Alexander Hislop, timaŵerenga kuti: “Kodi nchiyani chimene liwu lenilenilo Isitala limatanthauza? Siliri dzina Lachikristu. Kukhala kwake ndi magwero Achikaldayo kulipo pamphumi pake penipenipo. Isitala siri kanthu kena kusiyapo Astarte, limodzi la maina aulemu a Beltis, mkazi wa mfumu yakumwamba, amene dzina lake, . . . monga momwe linapezedwera ndi Layard pa zikumbukiro zakale za Asuri, ndiro Ishtar. . . . Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri ya Isitala. Phwando lotchuka limene kuchitidwa kwake kumatsimikizira kwambiri umboni wa mbiri ya kukhala kwake ndi magwero a ku Babulo. Mabanzi okhala ndi mtanda wa Good Friday, ndi mazira onikidwa a Pasch kapena Isitala Sande, anali otchuka m’madzoma a Akaldayo monga momwedi akuchitira tsopano lino.”—(New York, 1943), pp. 103, 107, 108; yerekezerani ndi Yeremiya 7:18.
Kodi mapwando a Chaka Chatsopano ngosayenerera kwa Akristu?
Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa The World Book Encyclopedia, “Aroma anapatulira tsikuli [January 1] kwa Janus, mulungu wa zipata, makomo, ndi ziyambi. Mwezi wa January unapatsidwa dzina molemekeza Janus, amene anali ndi nkhope ziŵiri—imodzi yoyang’ana kutsogolo ndi ina yoyang’ana kumbuyo.—(1984), Vol. 14, p. 237.
Ponse paŵiri madeti ndi miyambo zogwirizanitsidwa ndi mapwando a Chaka Chatsopano zimasiyana m’maiko osiyanasiyana. M’malo ambiri mchezo ndi kukhuta moŵa ndizo zochitika za mapwandowo. Komabe, Aroma 13:13 amapereka uphungu wakuti: “Tiyendeyende moyenera monga usana; si mmadyerero ndi kuledzera ayi, si mchigololo ndi chonyansa ayi, si mndewu ndi nkhwidzi ayi.” (Wonaninso 1 Petro 4:3, 4; Agalatiya 5:19-21.)
Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a maholide okumbukira “mizimu ya akufa”?
Kope la 1910 la The Encyclopædia Britannica limafotokoza kuti: “Tsiku la Miyoyo Yonse . . . liri tsiku lopatulidwa m’Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika lokumbukira akufa okhulupirika. Phwandolo nlozikidwa pa chiphunzitso chakuti miyoyo ya okhulupirika imene pa imfa sinatsukidwe machimo ang’onoang’ono, kapena amene sanatetezeredwe mphulupulu zawo zapapitapo, sangalandire Dalitso Loyembekezeredwa, ndi kuti iwo angathandizidwe kutero mwa pemphero ndi nsembe za misa. . . . Zikhulupiriro zina zotchuka zogwirizanitsidwa ndi Tsiku la Miyoyo Yonse ziri ndi magwero achikunja ndi za makedzana zosakumbukirika. Chotero akufa amakhulupiriridwa ndi anthu wamba a m’maiko ochuluka Achikatolika kuti amabwerera kumalo awo oyambirira pausiku wa Miyoyo Yonse ndi kudya nawo chakudya cha a moyo.”—Vol. 1, p. 709.
The Encyclopedia Americana imati: “Zochitika za miyambo zogwiritsidwa ndi Halloween zingalondoledwe kubwerera mmbuyo kufikira kunthaŵi za phwando la Druid m’nthaŵi za Chikristu chisanayambe. Acelt anali ndi mapwando a milungu yaikulu iŵiri—mulungu dzuŵa ndi mulungu wa akufa (wotchedwa Samhain), amene phwando lake linachitidwa pa November 1, kuyamba kwa Chaka Chatsopano cha Acelt. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono phwando la akufa linaloŵetsedwa m’dzoma Lachikristu.”—(1977), Vol. 13, p. 725.
Bukhu la The Worship of the Dead limatchula chiyambi ichi: “Nthanthi za mitundu yonse yakale nzogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika za Chigumula . . . Mphamvu ya chigomeko chimenechi ikufotokozedwa mwa fanizo ndi chenicheni chakuti kuchitidwa kwa mapwando okulira aakufa mokumbukira chochitikacho, osati kokha ndi mitundu imene imachita zinthu modyerana koma ndi ina yotalikirana kwambiri, ponse paŵiri ndi nyanja yamchere ndiponso ndi nthaŵi yokwanira zaka mazana ambiri. Ndiponso, phwandoli, limachitidwa ndi onse kapena pafupifupi patsiku lenilenilo limene, mogwirizana ndi cholembedwa cha Mose, Chigumula chinachitika, ndiko kuti, tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiŵiri lamwezi wachiŵiri—mwezi umene uli pafupifupi woyenderana ndi November wathu.” (London, 1904, Colonel J. Garnier, p. 4) Chotero mapwando amenewa kwenikweni anayamba mwa kulemekezedwa kwa anthu amene Mulungu anawononga chifukwa cha kuipa kwawo m’tsiku la Nowa.—Gen 6:5-7; 7:11.
Maholide otero olemekeza “mizimu ya akufa” monga ngati anali ndi moyo kumalo ena ngosiyana ndi malongosoledwe a Baibulo a imfa kukhala mkhalidwe wa kusadziŵa kotheratu.—Mlal. 9:5, 10; Sal. 146:4.
Ponena za magwero a chikhulupiriro cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo wamunthu, wonani tsamba 154, 155, pamutu waukulu wakuti “Imfa,” ndi tsamba 298, 299, pa wakuti “Moyo (Soul).”
Kodi ndiati amene ali magwero a Tsiku la Valentine?
The World Book Encyclopedia imatiuza kuti: “Tsiku la Valentine limadza patsiku laphwando la ophedwera chikhulupiriro Achikristu aŵiri osiyana otchedwa Valentine. Koma miyambo yogwirizana ndi tsikulo . . . mwinamwake imachokera kuphwando lakalekale la Roma lotchedwa Lupercalia limene linachitika pa February 15 paliponse. Phwandolo linalemekeza Juno, mulungu wachikazi wa Roma wa akazi ndi wa ukwati, ndi Pan, mulungu wa chilengedwe.”—(1973), Vol. 20, p. 204.
Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a mwambo wa kupatula tsiku la kulemekeza amayi?
Encyclopædia Britannica imati: “Phwando lotengedwa kuchokera kumwambo wa kulambiridwa kwa nakubala mu Girisi wakale. Kulambira koyambirira kwa nakubala kumene madzoma ake anali kuchitidwira Cybele, kapena Rhea, Nakubala Wamkulu wa Milungu, anachitidwa pa March 15 paliponse mu Asia Minor monse.”—(1959), Vol. 15, p. 849.
Kodi ndimalamulo a makhalidwe abwino Abaibulo otani amene amafotokoza lingaliro la Akristu kulinga ku mapwando okumbukira zochitika m’mbiri yandale zadziko ya mtundu?
Yoh. 18:36: “Yesu anayankha [bwanamkubwa Wachiroma], Ufumu wanga suuli wa dziko lino lapansi.”
Yoh. 15:19: “Mukadakhala [otsatira a Yesu] a dziko lapansi, dziko lapansi likadakonda zake zalokha; koma popeza simuli a dziko lapansi, koma ine ndinakusankhani inu mwa dziko lapansi, chifukwa cha ichi likudani inu.”
1 Yoh. 5:19: “Dziko lonse lapansi ligona mwa woipayo.” (Yerekezerani ndi Yohane 14:30; Chivumbulutso 13:1, 2; Danieli 2:44.)
Maholide ena a m’malowo ndi amtundu
Ngochuluka. Sangakambitsiridwe onse panopa. Koma chidziŵitso cha m’mbiri choperekedwa pamwambapa chimasonyeza zimene ziyenera kupendedwa paholide iriyonse, ndipo malamulo a makhalidwe abwino Abaibulo amene afotokozedwa kale amapereka chitsogozo chokwanira kwa awo amene chikhumbo chawo chachikulu chiri kuchita zokondweretsa kwa Yehova Mulungu.