Luka Wantchito Mnzake Wokondedwa wa Paulo

M’CHAKA cha 65 C.E., Paulo anali ku Roma komwe ankaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chake. Zinkaoneka kuti Paulo alandira chilango cha imfa. Komabe, panthawi yovutayi, ndi Luka yekha amene anali ndi mtumwiyu ngakhale kuti iye ankadziwa kuti pangakhale mavuto ngati anthu atadziwa zoti iye ndi mnzake wa Paulo.​—2 Timoteyo 4:6, 11.

Dzina la Luka si lachilendo kwa anthu amene amawerenga Baibulo, chifukwa Uthenga Wabwino umene iye analemba umadziwika ndi dzina lake. Luka ndi Paulo, anayenda maulendo ataliatali. Ndipo Paulo anatcha Luka kuti ‘wochiritsa wokondedwa’ komanso ‘wantchito mnzanga.’ (Akolose 4:14; Filemoni 24) Malemba sanena zambiri za Luka ndipo dzina lake limangopezekamo maulendo atatu okha. Kuphunzira zimene anthu ena afufuza pa nkhani ya Luka kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa chifukwa chake Paulo anayamikira Mkhristu wokhulupirikayu.

Analemba Mabuku a m’Baibulo Komanso Anali Mmishonale

Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka ndiponso buku la Machitidwe a Atumwi zinali zopita kwa Teofilo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mabuku onse awiriwa analembedwa ndi Luka. (Luka 1:3; Machitidwe 1:1) Luka sanafotokoze kuti anaona ndi maso zimene Yesu Khristu anachita mu utumiki wake. Koma iye anati anamva zambiri kuchokera kwa mboni zimene zinaona ndi maso utumiki wa Yesu ndiponso “anafufuza zinthu zonse mosamala kwambiri kuchokera pachiyambi.” (Luka 1:1-3) Choncho, zikuoneka kuti Luka anakhala wotsatira wa Khristu panthawi ina pambuyo pa Pentekosite wa mu 33 C.E.

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti Luka anachokera ku Antiokeya wa ku Suriya. Iwo amati buku la Machitidwe limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zimene zinachitikira mu mzindawo. Ndiponso chifukwa choti bukuli limatchula mmodzi wa “amuna asanu ndi awiri a mbiri yabwino” kuti anali “wa ku Antiokeya amene anali wotembenukira ku Chiyuda.” Koma silinatchule mizinda imene amuna 6 enawo anachokera. Komabe sitinganene motsimikiza kuti zimenezi ndi umboni woti Luka ankachokera ku Antiokeya.​—Machitidwe 6:3-6.

Ngakhale kuti buku la Machitidwe silitchula dzina la Luka, m’malo ena muli mawu akuti “ife,” “tinali,” kusonyeza kuti Luka anachita nawo zinthu zina zotchulidwa m’bukuli. Pofotokoza za njira yodzera ku Asia Minor, yomwe Paulo ndi anzake anadutsa, Luka ananena kuti: “Analambalala Musiya ndi kukafika ku Torowa.” Ali ku Torowa, Paulo anaona m’masomphenya munthu wina wa ku Makedoniya yemwe anam’pempha kuti: “Wolokerani ku Makedoniya mudzatithandize.” Luka akupitiriza kuti: “Tsopano atangoona masomphenya amenewo, tinaganiza zopita ku Makedoniya.” (Machitidwe 16:8-10) Zikuoneka kuti Luka anayamba kuyenda ndi Paulo limodzi ndi anzake kuyambira ku Torowa chifukwa choti poyamba analemba kuti “analambalala” kenako n’kulemba kuti “tinaganiza.” Kenako, Luka anafotokoza za ulaliki wa ku Filipi mosonyeza kuti nayenso anachita nawo. Iye analemba kuti: “Tsiku la sabata tinatuluka pa chipata ndi kupita m’mbali mwa mtsinje, kumene tinali kuganiza kuti kuli malo opempherera. Ndipo tinakhala pansi ndi kuyamba kulankhula ndi azimayi amene anali atasonkhana.” Zotsatira zake, Lidiya ndi banja lake lonse anakhulupirira uthenga wabwino ndipo anabatizidwa.​—Machitidwe 16:11-15.

Ku Filipi, Paulo ndi anzake anatsutsidwa kwambiri chifukwa chochiritsa mtsikana amene ankalosera zinthu mothandizidwa ndi “chiwanda cholosera za m’tsogolo.” Ambuye ake ataona kuti awasokonezera njira imene ankapezera ndalama, anagwira Paulo ndi Sila, n’kuwamenya komanso kuwatsekera m’ndende. Zikuoneka kuti Luka sanamangidwe nawo chifukwa analemba mosonyeza kuti sanali ndi anzakewo. Atamasulidwa, Paulo ndi Sila ‘analimbikitsa abale kenako ananyamuka ndi kupita.’ Kenako, Luka anayamba kulembanso mosonyeza kuti anali limodzi ndi anzakewo pamene Paulo anafika ku Filipi panthawi ina. (Machitidwe 16:16-40; 20:5, 6) N’kutheka kuti Luka anatsala ku Filipi kuti ayang’anire ntchito yolalikira kumeneko.

Anafufuza Nkhani

Kodi Luka anatenga kuti mfundo zimene analemba mu Uthenga Wabwino komanso m’buku la Machitidwe? Zigawo za buku la Machitidwe zimene Luka analemba mosonyeza kuti anali limodzi ndi Paulo, zimasonyeza kuti anatsagana ndi Paulo kuchokera ku Filipi kupita ku Yerusalemu kumene mtumwiyo anamangidwanso. Paulendo wawo, Paulo ndi anzake anakhala ndi Filipo munthu amene ankalalikira ku Kaisareya. (Machitidwe 20:6; 21:1-17) Filipo ankatsogolera pa pantchito yolalikira ku Samariya, ndipo mwina ndi amene anauza Luka zinthu zambiri zokhudza ntchito yolalikira ku Samariya. (Machitidwe 8:4-25) Nangano kodi Luka anatenga kuti nkhani zina?

N’kutheka kuti pazaka ziwiri zimene Paulo anali ku ndende ku Kaisareya, Luka anapeza mpata wofufuza zinthu zimene analemba mu Uthenga Wabwino. Komanso anali pafupi ndi Yerusalemu moti mwina ankakafufuza kumeneko nkhani zina zokhudza mbadwo wa Yesu. Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza moyo ndi utumiki wa Yesu zimene zimapezeka mu Uthenga wake Wabwino basi. Munthu wina wophunzira ananena kuti pali nkhani 82 zoterezi.

Mwina Elizabeti, mayi a Yohane Mbatizi ndi amene anauza Luka zinthu zambiri zokhudza kubadwa kwa Yohane. Komanso n’kutheka kuti Mariya, mayi a Yesu ndi amene anauza Luka zinthu zina zokhudza kubadwa kwa Yesu komanso moyo wake ali wamng’ono. (Luka 1:5-80) Mwina Petulo, Yakobe kapena Yohane ndi amene anauza Luka nkhani ya kugwira nsomba mwa njira yodabwitsa. (Luka 5:4-10) Mafanizo ena a Yesu monga a Msamariya wachifundo, khomo lopapatiza, dalakima yotayika, mwana wolowerera ndiponso fanizo la munthu wachuma ndi Lazaro amapezeka m’buku la Luka lokha basi.​—Luka 10:29-37; 13:23, 24; 15:8-32; 16:19-31.

Luka ankachita chidwi ndi anthu. Iye analemba nkhani zokhudza nsembe yoyeretsa imene Mariya anapereka, kuukitsidwa kwa mwana wamwamuna wa mkazi wamasiye, komanso za mkazi amene anadzoza mafuta mapazi a Yesu. Iye analemba za akazi amene ankatumikira Khristu ndipo analembanso kuti Malita ndi Mariya anamuchereza ku nyumba kwawo. Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka umanenanso za kuchiritsidwa kwa mayi wina wopindika msana, komanso kuchiritsa mwamuna wodwala matenda a mbulu ndiponso kuyeretsedwa kwa akhate 10. Luka anatchula za Zakeyu, munthu wamfupi yemwe anakwera mu mtengo n’cholinga choti aone Yesu. Iye anatchulanso za munthu wochita zoipa amene anapachikidwa pambali pa Khristu.​—Luka 2:24; 7:11-17, 36-50; 8:2, 3; 10:38-42; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 17:11-19; 19:1-10; 23:39-43.

N’zochititsa chidwi kuti Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka unatchula zimene Msamariya wachifundo wotchulidwa m’fanizo la Yesu anachita ndi mabala a munthu wovulazidwa. Zikuoneka kuti monga munthu wodziwa zachipatala, Luka analemba mmene Yesu anafotokozera chithandizo chimene munthu wovulala anapatsidwa, kuphatikizapo vinyo monga mankhwala opha tizilombo, mafuta chifukwa choti amathandiza kuchepetsa ululu ndiponso kumanga mabalawo.​—Luka 10:30-37.

Anasamalira Paulo Kundende

Luka ankamudera nkhawa mtumwi Paulo. Paulo ali m’ndende kuti Kaisareya, bwanamkubwa wachiroma dzina lake Felikisi analamula kuti asaletse “aliyense wa anthu [a Paulo]” kum’tumikira. (Machitidwe 24:23) Mosakayikira, Luka anali mmodzi mwa anthu om’tumikirawo. Popeza kuti Paulo ankadwala nthawi zina, n’kutheka kuti ankafunika thandizo la ‘wochiritsa wokondedwa’ ameneyu.​—Akolose 4:14; Agalatiya 4:13.

Paulo atapempha apilo kwa Kaisara, bwanamkubwa wachiroma dzina lake Fesito anatumiza mtumwiyu ku Roma. Luka sanam’siye mkaidiyu. Anam’perekeza pa ulendo wautali wopita ku Italiya ndipo analemba nkhani yomveka bwino yoneneza za kusweka kwa ngalawa. (Machitidwe 24:27; 25:9-12; 27:1, 9-44) Ali pa ukaidi wosachoka pa nyumba ku Roma, Paulo analemba makalata angapo mouziridwa, ndipo m’makalata awiri mwa amenewo iye anatchulamo Luka. (Machitidwe 28:30; Akolose 4:14; Filemoni 24) Zikuoneka kuti ndi nthawi imeneyi, yomwe inatenga zaka ziwiri, pamene Luka analemba buku la Machitidwe.

M’nyumba yomwe Paulo ankakhala ku Roma muyenera kuti munkachitikira zinthu zambiri zauzimu. N’kutheka kuti kumeneko, Luka ankachita zinthu ndi antchito anzake a Paulo monga, Tukiko, Alisitakasi, Maliko, Yusito, Epafulasi ndi Onesimasi.​—Akolose 4:7-14.

Pamene Paulo anaikidwa m’ndende kachiwiri, atadziwa kuti imfa yake yayandikira, Luka yemwe anali wokhulupirika ndiponso wolimba mtima anakhalabe naye, ngakhale kuti ena anam’thawa. N’kutheka kuti kukhala ndi Paulo kukanachititsa kuti Luka alandidwe ufulu. N’kutheka kuti Luka ndi amene ankalemba mawu a Paulo akuti: “Luka yekha ndiye ali nane.” Anthu ena amanena kuti pasanapite nthawi yaitali Paulo anadulidwa mutu.​—2 Timoteyo 4:6-8, 11, 16.

Luka anali ndi mtima wodzipereka ndiponso wodzichepetsa. Iye sanali wodzionetsera chifukwa cha maphunziro ake ndipo sankachita zinthu n’cholinga chofuna kutchuka. Iye akanatha kugwira ntchito yaudokotala, koma anasankha kuchita zinthu zopititsa patsogolo Ufumu. Mofanana ndi Luka tiyenera kulalikira uthenga wabwino ndiponso kutumikira modzichepetsa kuti tilemekeze Yehova.​—Luka 12:31.

[Bokosi patsamba 19]

KODI TEOFILO ANALI NDANI?

Uthenga Wabwino umene Luka analemba komanso buku la Machitidwe a Atumwi zinali zopita kwa Teofilo. Mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka, munthu ameneyu anatchedwa “wolemekezeka koposa, a Teofilo.” (Luka 1:3) Mawu akuti “wolemekezeka koposa” ankagwiritsidwa ntchito potchula munthu wotchuka, wachuma kwambiri, kapena waudindo wapamwamba m’boma la Roma. Mtumwi Paulo anagwiritsanso ntchito mawu amenewa potchula Fesito, bwanamkubwa wachiroma ku Yudeya.​—Machitidwe 26:25.

Mwachionekere, Teofilo anamva uthenga wonena za Yesu ndipo anachita nawo chidwi. Luka anaona kuti Uthenga Wabwino umenewu udzamuthandiza Teofilo ‘kudziwa bwinobwino zinthu zimene anaphunzitsidwa ndi mawu apakamwa.’​—Luka 1:4.

Malinga ndi zimene katswiri wina wa chinenero cha Chigiriki dzina lake Richard Lenski ananena, Teofilo ayenera kuti sanali wokhulupirira pamene Luka anamutcha “wolemekezeka koposa” chifukwa “m’mabuku onse achikhristu, . . . palibe Mkhristu aliyense amene anapatsidwa dzina laulemu lotereli.” Pamene Luka analemba buku la Machitidwe sanagwiritse ntchito dzina laulemu lakuti “wolemekezeka koposa” koma anangoti: “A Teofilo.” (Machitidwe 1:1) Ndiyeno Lenski anati: “Pamene Luka ankalemba Uthenga wake Wabwino wopita kwa Teofilo, munthu wolemekezekayu anali asanakhale Mkhristu koma anali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani zokhudza Chikhristu. Komabe, pamene Luka ankamutumizira buku la Machitidwe, Teofilo anali atakhala Mkhristu.”