Mwazi
Tanthauzo: Nsanganizo ya madzi yozizwitsadi imene imazungulira m’mitsempha ya anthu ndi zinyama zambiri za maselo ochuluka, kupereka chakudya ndi mpweya, kutulutsa zonyasa, ndi kuchita mbali yaikulu m’kutetezera thupi kuti lisagwidwe ndi nthenda. Mwazi ngwophatikizidwa kwambiri m’kugwira ntchito kwa moyo kotero kuti Baibulo limati “Moyo wa nyama ukhala m’mwazi.” (Lev. 17:11) Monga Magwero a moyo, Yehova wapereka malangizo otsimikizirika ponena za mmene mwazi ungagwiritsiridwire ntchito.
Akristu akulamulidwa ‘kusala mwazi’
Mac. 15:28, 29, NW: “Mzimu woyera ndi ife [bungwe lolamulira lampingo Wachikristu] tawona kuti nkwabwino kusakuwonjezerani katundu wina wolemera, koposa zinthu zoyenera izi, kupitirizabe kupeŵa zinthu zoperekedwa nsembe kwa mafano ndi mwazi ndi zinthu zopotoledwa [kapena, zophedwa popanda kukhetsa mwazi wawo] ndi dama. Ngati musunga zinthu zimenezi mosamalitsa, mudzalemerera. Thanzi labwino kwa inu.” (Panopa kudyedwa kwa mwazi kwalingana ndi kulambira mafano ndi dama, zinthu zimene sitiyenera kufuna kuzichita.)
Mnofu wa nyama ungadyedwe, koma osati mwazi
Gen. 9:3, 4: “Zoyenda zonse zamoyo zidzakhala zakudya zanu; monga therere laliŵisi ndakupatsani inu zonsezo. Koma nyama, mmene muli moyo wake, ndiwo mwazi wake, musadye.”
Nyama iriyonse yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kukhala chakudya iyenera kukhetsedwa mwazi bwino lomwe. Yopotoledwa kapena yofera mu msampha kapena yopezedwa itafa siiri yoyenerera kukhala chakudya. (Mac. 15:19, 20; yerekezerani ndi Levitiko 17:13-16.) Mofananamo, chakudya chirichonse chimene mwazi weniweni kapena ngakhale mwazi wochepa wawonjezeredwako sichiyenera kudyedwa.
Mwazi unavomerezedwa ndi Mulungu kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha monga nsembe
Lev. 17:11, 12: “Moyo wanyama ukhala m’mwazi; ndipo ndakupatsani uwu paguŵa lansembe, uchite chotetezera moyo wanu; pakuti wochita chotetezera ndiwo mwazi, chifukwa cha moyo wake. Chifukwa chake ndinanena kwa ana a Israyeli, Asamadya mwazi mmodzi yense wa inu, kapena mlendo aliyense wakugonera mwa inu asamadya mwazi.” (Nsembe zanyama zonsezo m’Chilamulo cha Mose zinaphiphiritsira nsembe imodzi ya Yesu Kristu.)
Aheb. 9:11-14, 22, NW: “Pamene Kristu anadza monga mkulu wa ansembe . . . iye analoŵa, osati ndi mwazi wambuzi ndi wa ana ang’ombe, ayi, koma ndi mwazi wa iye mwini, kamodzi kwatha m’malo opatulika nalandira chipulumutso chosatha kaamba ka ife. Pakuti ngati mwazi wambuzi ndi ng’ombe zamphongo, ndi makala a ng’ombe yamthandi owazawaza pa iwo odetsedwa, upatutsa kufikira chiyeretso chathupi; koposa kotani nanga mwazi wa Kristu amene anadzipereka yekha wopanda chirema kwa Mulungu mwa mzimu wosatha, udzayeretsa zikumbumtima zathu kuntchito zakufa kuti tikapereke utumiki wopatulika kwa Mulungu wamoyo? . . . Popanda kukhetsa mwazi chikhululukiro sichimachitika.”
Aef. 1:7: “Tiri ndi mawomboledwe mwa mwazi wake [Yesu Kristu], chikhululukiro cha zochimwa, monga mwa kulemera kwa chisomo chake.”
Kodi ndimotani mmene odzinenera kukhala Akristu m’zaka za mazana oyambirira C.E. anamvetsetsera malamulo a Baibulo onena za mwazi?
Tertullian (c. 160-230 C.E.): “Njira zanu zachilendo zichititsetu manyazi pamaso pa Akristu. Sitimadya konse mwazi wanyama pa zakudya zathu, pakuti zimenezi ndizo chakudya wamba. . . . Pamene Akristu aimbidwa mlandu inu [Aroma akunja] mumawapatsa masoseji odzazidwa mwazi. Ndithudi, inu mumakhutira kuti chinthu chenichenicho chimene mumawayesa nacho kuwapatutsa panjira yolungama nchosaloledwa ndi lamulo kwa iwo. Kodi nchifukwa ninji, pamene kuli kwakuti muli otsimikizira kuti iwo adzakana mwazi wanyama, mumakhulupirira kuti adzalakalaka kudya mwazi wa anthu?”—Tertullian, Apologetical Works, and Minucius Felix, Octavius (New York, 1950), lotembenuzidwa ndi Emily Daly, p. 33.
Minucius Felix (zaka za zana lachitatu C.E.): “Timakana kwa mtuwagalu mwazi wa munthu kotero kuti, sitimagwiritsira ntchito ngakhale wanyama zodyedwa m’chakudya chathu.”—The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1956), lolembedwa ndi A. Roberts ndi J. Donaldson, Vol. IV, p. 192.
Kupoperedwa Mwazi
Kodi chiletso Chabaibulo chimaphatikizapo mwazi wa anthu?
Inde, ndipo Akristu oyambirira anakumvetsetsa mwanjirayo. Machitidwe 15:29 amalankhula za “kusala . . . mwazi.” Samanena kuti kusala kokha mwazi wanyama. (Yerekezerani ndi Levitiko 17:10, amene analetsa kudya “mwazi wa mtundu ulionse.” Tertullian (amene analemba motetezera zikhulupiriro za Akristu oyambirira) anafotokoza kuti: “Tidzamvetsetsa chiletso cha ‘mwazi’ kukhala kwakukulukulu cha (chiletso) mwazi wa anthu.”—The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. IV, p. 86.
Kodi kupoperedwa mwazi nkofananadi ndi kudya mwazi?
M’chipatala, pamene wodwala samatha kudya ndi pakamwa, amadyetsedwa ndi m’nsinga. Tsopano, kodi munthu amene sanaike mwazi mkamwa mwake koma amene anavomereza mwazi mwakupoperedwa akakhala akumvetseradi lamulo la “kusala . . . mwazi”? (Mac. 15:29) Mwachitsanzo, tayerekezerani munthu amene wauzidwa ndi dokotala kuti sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kodi akakhala akumvera ngati analeka kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi pakamwa koma naziloŵetsa mwachindunji m’mitsempha yake?
Ponena za wodwala amene akukana mwazi, kodi pali mankhwala alionse oloŵa mmalo?
Kaŵirikaŵiri saline solution, Ringer’s solution, ndi dextran wamba zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito monga nsanganizo zochulukitsira mwazi, ndipo zimenezi nzopezeka pafupifupi m’zipatala zonse zamakono. Ndithudi, maupandu omakhalapo chifukwa cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kupoperedwa mwazi amapeŵedwa mwa kugwiritsira ntchito nsanganizo zimenezi. Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal (January 1975, p. 12) imati: “Maupandu a kupoperedwa mwazi amalakidwa ndi mapindu a zochulukitsira mwazi zoloŵa mmalo: kupeŵa tizirombo kapena kuyambukiridwa ndi tizirombo, ziyambukiro za kukanidwa kwa mwaziwo ndi ziyambukiro zina zoipa.” Mboni za Yehova ziribe chitsutso chachipembedzo ponena za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zochulukitsira mwazi zopanda mwazi.
Ndithudi Mboni za Yehova zimapindula ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri chifukwa chakuti sizimavomereza mwazi. Dokotala wina polemba mu American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (June 1, 1968, p. 395) anavomereza kuti: “Palibe chikaikiro chakuti pamkhalidwe umene munthuwe [dokotala wa opareshoni] ukuchita opareshoni popanda kuthekera kwa kupopera mwazi kumachititsa kuwongokera m’kuchita kwako opareshoni. Umakhala wofulumira koposerapo kutseka mtsempha uliwonse wochucha mwazi.”
Maopareshoni amitundu yonse angakhoze kuchitidwa mwachipambano popanda kuikidwa mwazi. Amenewa amaphatikizapo maopareshoni otsegula mtima, maopareshoni aubongo, kudula ziŵalo, ndi kuchotsa kutheratu chiŵalo choyambukiridwa ndi kensa. Polemba mu New York State Journal of Medicine (October 15, 1972, p. 2527), Dr. Philip Roen anati: “Sitinakaikire kuchita iriyonse ndipo onse anasonyeza kukhala maopareshoni ogwiritsira ntchito zoloŵa m’malo mwa mwazi.” Dr. Denton Cooley, wa ku Texas Heart Institute, anati: “Tinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi [zotulukapo za kugwiritsira ntchito nsanganizo zochulukitsira mwazi zopanda magazi] pa Mboni za Yehova kotero kuti tinayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mchitidwewo pa odwala athu onse a mtima.” (The San Diego Union, December 27, 1970, p. A-10) “Opareshoni yotsegula mtima ‘yopanda mwazi’, poyambirira inachitidwa pa mamembala achikulire a kagulu ka Mboni za Yehova chifukwa chakuti chipembedzo chawo chimaletsa kupoperedwa mwazi, tsopano yakhala njira yovomerezedwa yochitira opareshoni ya mtima kwa makanda osalimba ndi ana.”—Cardiovascular News, February, 1984, p. 5.
Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—
‘Mumalola ana anu kufa chifukwa chakuti mumakana kupoperedwa mwazi. Ndiganiza kuti zimenezo nzoipa’
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Koma timawalola kupoperedwa—nsanganizo zopanda upandu. Timavomereza kupoperedwa nsanganizo zimene ziribe maupandu onga a AIDS, nthenda yotupa chiwindi, ndi malungo. Timafunira ana athu mankhwala abwino koposa monga momwe ndiriri wotsimikizira kuti kholo lachikondi lirilonse lingachitire.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Ngati pali kutaikiridwa mwazi kokulirapo, chinthu chofunika koposa ndicho kubwezeretsa nsanganizo ya madziyo. Mosakaikira inu muzindikira kuti kwenikweni mwazi wathu uli ndi madzi oposa 50 peresenti; ndiyeno pali maselo ofiira ndi oyera, ndi zina zotero. Pamene mwazi wochuluka wataika, thupi lenilenilo limatsanulira mlingo waukulu wa maselo a mwazi osungidwa kuloŵa m’mitsempha ndi kufulumizitsa kupangidwa kwa atsopano. Koma kuchuluka kwa nsanganizo za madzi nkofunika. Nsanganizo zochulukitsira mwazi zopanda mwazi zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kukwaniritsira chosoŵa chimenecho, ndipo timavomereza zimenezi.’ (2) ‘Nsanganizo zochulukitsira mwazi zagwiritsiridwa ntchito pa anthu zikwi zambiri, ndi zotulukapo zabwino kwambiri.’ (3) ‘Chofunikadi kwambiri kwa ife ndicho chimene Baibulo lenileni limanena pa Machitidwe 15:28, 29.’
Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Ndikumvetsetsa lingaliro lanu. Ndiganiza kuti mukuyerekezera mwana wanu kukhala mu mkhalidwe umenewo. Monga makolo tikachita chirichonse chothekera kutetezera ubwino wa mwana wathu, kodi sichoncho? Chotero ngati anthu onga inu ndi ine titakana mankhwala a mtundu wina kaamba ka mwana wathu payenera kukhaladi chifukwa chabwino cha kuchitira zimenezo.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezereni kuti: (1) ‘Kodi muganiza kuti makolo ena angasonkhezeredwe ndi chimene Mawu a Mulungu pano pa Machitidwe 15:28, 29 amanena?’ (2) ‘Chotero funsolo ndi iri, Kodi tiri ndi chikhulupiriro chokwanira kuchita chimene Mulungu amalamulira?’
‘Anthu inu simumakhulupirira m’kupoperedwa mwazi’
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Manyuzipepala afalitsa nkhani zonena za mikhalidwe ina zimene analingalira kuti Mboni zingafe ngati sizinalandire mwazi. Kodi ndizo zimene mukulingalira? . . . Kodi nchifukwa ninji timachita mmene timachitiramu?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Kodi mumakonda mkazi wanu (mwamuna) kwambiri kotero kuti mungakhale wofunitsitsa kuika moyo wanu paupandu kaamba ka iye? . . . Palinso amuna amene amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kaamba ka dziko lawo, ndipo amenewa amawonedwa kukhala ngwazi, kodi sichoncho? Koma pali wina amene ali wamkulu kwambiri koposa munthu aliyense kapena chinthu chirichonse pano padziko lapansi, ndipo ameneyo ndiye Mulungu. Kodi mukaika paupandu moyo wanu chifukwa cha kumkonda ndi kukhulupirika ku ulamuliro wake?’ (2) ‘Kwenikweni panopa nkhani ndiyo kukhulupirika kwa Mulungu. Ali Mawu a Mulungu amene amatiuza kusala mwazi. (Mac. 15:28, 29)’
Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Pali zinthu zambiri zimene ziridi zofala lerolino ndi zimene Mboni za Yehova zimakana—mwachitsanzo, kunama, kuchita chigololo, kuba, kusuta fodya, ndipo monga momwe mwatchulira, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mwazi. Chifukwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti timalamulira miyoyo yathu ndi Mawu a Mulungu.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Kodi munadziŵa kuti Baibulo limanena kuti tiyenera “kusala mwazi”? Ndifuna kukusonyezani lemba. (Mac. 15:28, 29)’ (2) ‘Mwinamwake mukukumbukira kuti Mulungu anauza makolo athu oyamba, Adamu ndi Hava, kuti akanadya za mtengo uliwonse m’Edene kusiyapo umodzi. Koma iwo sanamvere, anadya chipatso choletsedwa chimenecho, ndipo anataya chirichonse. Ndikupusa kotani nanga! Ndithudi, tsopano, palibe mtengo wa chipatso choletsedwa. Koma pambuyo pa Chigumula cha tsiku la Nowa Mulungu kachiŵirinso anaika chiletso chimodzi pa anthu. Panthaŵi ino chinaphatizapo mwazi. (Gen. 9:3, 4)’ (3) ‘Chotero funso lenileni ndi iri, Kodi tiri ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu? Ngati timvera, tiri ndi chiyembekezo pamaso pathu cha moyo wamuyaya mu ungwiro mu Ufumu wake. Ngakhale ngati tifa, akutitsimikizira chiukiriro.’
‘Bwanji ngati dokotala ati, “Udzafa ukapanda kupatsidwa mwazi”?
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Ngati mkhalidwewo uli wowopsadi motero, kodi dokotala angatsimikizire kuti wodwalayo sadzafa ngati apatsidwa mwazi?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Koma pali munthu wina amene angaperekenso moyo kwa munthu, ndipo ameneyo ndiye Mulungu. Kodi simuvomereza kuti, pamene tiyang’anizana ndi imfa, kufulatira Mulungu mwa kuswa lamulo lake kukakhala chosankha choipa? Ine ndiridi ndi chikhulupiriro kwa Mulungu. Kodi inu muli nacho? Mawu ake amalonjeza chiukiriro cha awo amene amasonyeza chikhulupiriro mwa Mwana wake. Kodi mumakhulupirira zimenezo? (Yoh. 11:25)’
Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Kungatanthauze kuti sing’angayo sadziŵa mmene angaperekere mankhwala popanda kugwiritsira ntchito mwazi. Ngati kuli kotheka, timayesa kumchititsa kuwonana ndi dokotala amene anali ndi chidziŵitso chofunikacho, kapena timakafunafuna mautumiki a dokotala wina.’