Nkwandani Komwe Tingayang’ane Kaamba ka Chilungamo Chowona?

“Kodi Woweruza wa dziko lonse lapansi sadzachita chilungamo?”​—GENESIS 18:25, The Holy Bible in Modern English, lolembedwa ndi Ferrar Fenton.

1, 2. Ndimotani mmene anthu ambiri amavomerezera ku kupanda chilungamo komwe kulipo?

MWINAMWAKE mumadziŵa momvetsa chisoni kuti kupanda chilungamo kwachuluka. Ndimotani mmene inu mwaumwini mumavomerezera ku kuwonjezereka kwa kusoweka kwa chilungamo chowona?

² Anthu ena avomereza mwa kukaikira kukhalako kwa Mulungu wachilungamo. Iwo angadzinenere kukhala ngakhale osadziŵa. Mwachidziŵikire inu munalimvapo liwu limenelo. Limalozera kwa munthu amene amadzimva “kuti kukhalapo kokulira kulikonse (monga Mulungu) kuli kosadziŵika ndipo mwina[mwake] sikungadziŵike.” Katswiri wa zolengedwa Thomas H. Huxley, m’chirikizi wa m’zana la 19 wa nthanthi ya chisinthiko ya Darwin, poyamba anagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “osadziŵa” m’njira imeneyo.a

3, 4. Nchiti chomwe chiri chiyambi cha liwu lakuti “osadziŵa”?

³ Ngakhale ndi tero, ndi kuchokera kuti, kumene Huxley anatenga liwu lakuti “osadziŵa”? M’chenicheni, iye anali kulikoka kuchokera ku kalongosoledwe kogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’lingaliro lina ndi loya wa m’zana loyamba, mtumwi Paulo. Linawoneka mu amodzi a mawu ake otchuka koposa. Mawu amenewa ali oyenerera lerolino, popeza amapereka kwa ife maziko oyenerera kaamba ka kudziŵa mmene ndi pamene chilungamo kaamba ka onse chidzakhalapo ndipo, ngakhale choposerapo, mmene ife mwaumwini tingapindulire kuchokera ku icho.

⁴ Liwu lakuti “osadziŵa” (“chosadziŵika”) linatengedwa kuchokera ku kutchula kwa Paulo kwa guwa lansembe pamene panalembedwa kuti “Kwa Mulungu Wosadziŵika.” Mawu achidule amenewo analembedwa ndi sing’anga Luka mu mutu wa 17 wa bukhu la mbiri yakale ya Machitidwe a Atumwi. Mutuwo choyambirira umasonyeza mmene Paulo anabwerera ku Atene. M’bokosi lotsatiralo (tsamba 6), mungaŵerenge chidziŵitso choyambirira cha Luka ndi lemba la mawu onsewo.

 5. Ndi ati omwe anali makhazikitsidwe mu amene Paulo anapereka mawu ake kwa anthu a ku Atene? (Lolani Machitidwe 17:16-31 iŵerengedwe.)

⁵ Mawu a Paulo alidi amphamvu ndi oyenerera kulingalira kwathu kosamalitsa. Ozingidwa monga mmene tiriri ndi kupanda chilungamo kokulira, tingaphunzire zochuluka kuchokera ku iwo. Choyamba dziŵani makhazikitsidwe ake, amene mungaŵerenge pa Machitidwe 17:16-21. Anthu a ku Atene anali onyada chifukwa chokhala m’malo apakati a kuphunzira, kumene Socrates, Plato, ndi Aristotle anaphunzitsa. Atene unalinso mzinda wa chipembedzo koposa. Pomuzungulira ponse Paulo ankawona mafano​—aja a mulungu wa nkhondo Ares, kapena Mars; a Zeus; a Aesculapius, mulungu wa mankhwala; a mulungu wa nyanja yachiwawa, Poseidon; a Dionysus, Athena, Eros, ndi ena.

 6. Ndimotani mmene gawo lanu limafananira ndi lija limene Paulo anapeza mu Atene?

⁶ Ngakhale ndi tero, bwanji, ngati Paulo anayendera mzinda wanu kapena gawo? Iye angawone unyinji wa mafano kapena zowumbidwa za chipembedzo, ngakhale m’maiko a Chikristu cha Dziko. Kwinakwake, iye angawone zochulukira. Bukhu lolangiza limodzi likunena kuti: “Milungu ya Amwenye, mosiyana ndi ‘abale’ awo achinyengo a Chigriki, iri ya mkazi mmodzi, ndipo zina za mphamvu zosangalatsa zinaperekedwa kwa oyanjana nawo achikazi . . . Pali, mopanda kusinjirira, mamiliyoni a milungu yochita ndi mbali zonse za moyo ndi chilengedwe.”

 7. Kodi milungu yakale ya Chigriki inali yonga chiyani?

⁷ Milungu yambiri ya Chigriki inasonyezedwa kukhala yachabe ndipo ya makhalidwe oipa koposa. Mkhalidwe wawo unali wochititsa manyazi kwa anthu omafa, inde, waupandu m’maiko ambiri lerolino. Muli ndi chifukwa chirichonse cha kudabwira, chotero, kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa chilungamo umene Agriki kumbuyoko angakhake anayembekezera kuchokera kwa milungu yoteroyo. Komabe, Paulo anawona kuti anthu a ku Atene anali odzipereka mwapadera kwa iyo. Atadzazidwa ndi zitsimikizo zolunjika, iye anayamba kulongosola zowonadi zokwezeka za Chikristu chenicheni.

Gulu Lopereka Chitokoso

 8. (a) Ndi zikhulupiriro ndi kawonedwe kotani komwe kanazindikiritsa a Epikureya? (b) Nchiyani chomwe Astoiki anakhulupirira?

⁸ Ayuda ena ndi Agriki anamvetsera ndi chikondwerero, koma ndimotani mmene a Epikureya a chisonkhezero ndi anthanthi a chiStoiki akachitira? Monga mmene mudzawonera, malingaliro awo anali ofanana m’mbali zambiri ndi zikhulupiriro zofala lerolino, ngakhale zija zophunzitsidwa kwa achichepere mu sukulu. A Epikureya anasonkhezera kukhala ndi moyo kotero kuti apeze zosangulutsa zambiri monga mmene kungathekere, makamaka zosangulutsa za maganizo. Nthanthi yawo ya ‘tidye ndi kumwa, pakuti mawa timwalira’ inazindikiritsidwa ndi kusoweka kwa maprinsipulo ndi ubwino. (1 Akorinto 15:32) Iwo sanakhulupirire kuti milungu inalenga chilengedwe cha ponse ponse; m’malomwake, anasunga kuti moyo unabwerako mwangozi m’chilengedwe cha ponse ponse cha zopangapanga. Kuwonjezerapo, milungu sinali yokondweretsedwa mwa anthu. Bwanji ponena za Astoiki? Iwo anagogomezera kuganizira, akumakhulupirira kuti zinthu ndi mphamvu zinali malamulo oyambirira m’chilengedwe cha ponse ponse. Astoiki analingalira mulungu wopanda umunthu, m’malo mokhulupirira mwa Mulungu monga Munthu. Iwo anadzimvanso kuti mwaŵi unalamulira ntchito za anthu.

 9. Nchifukwa ninji mkhalidwe wa Paulo unali wotokosa mu umene iye anayenera kulalikira?

⁹ Ndimotani mmene anthanthi oterewa anavomerezera ku chiphunzitso chapoyera cha Paulo? Kufunitsitsa kofuna kudziŵa kosanganizana ndi kunyada kwa maganizo kunali chikhoterero cha anthu a ku Atene pa nthaŵiyo, ndipo anthanthi amenewa anayamba kukangana ndi Paulo. Potsirizira pake, anamtengera iye ku Areopagi. Pamwamba pa msika wa Atene, koma pansi pa Acropolis yaitaliyo, panali phiri la miyala lotchedwa ndi dzina la mulungu wa nkhondo, Mars, kapena Ares, chotero linakhala Phiri la Mars, kapena Areopagi. Mu nthaŵi zakale, bwalo lamilandu kapena bungwe linakumana pamenepo. Paulo angakhale anatengedwera ku bwalo lamilandu la chilungamo, mwinamwake atasonkhanitsidwa pa malo pamene Acropolis yosangalatsayo inali kuwonekera ndi Parthenon yake yotchuka limodzinso ndi makachisi ena ndi mafano owumba. Ena amaganiza kuti mtumwiyo anali pa ngozi chifukwa chakuti lamulo la Chiroma linaletsa kuyambitsa milungu yatsopano. Koma ngakhale kuti Paulo anatengedwa ku Areopagi kokha kuti akamveketse ziphunzitso zake kapena kusonyeza ngati iye anali mphunzitsi woyeneretsedwa, iye anayang’anizana ndi khamu lowopsya. Kodi iye akabukitsa uthenga wake wofunika koposawo popanda kuwasiyanitsa iwo kwa iye?

10. Ndimotani mmene Paulo anagwiritsira ntchito kuchenjera m’kudziŵikitsa chidziŵitso chake?

¹⁰ Onani kuchokera pa Machitidwe 17:22, 23 ndi luso ndi nzeru zimene Paulo anayamba nazo. Pamene iye anadziŵikitsa mmene anthu a ku Atene analiri opembedza ndi unyinji wa mafano amene anali nawo, ena a amvetseri ake angakhale anachitenga icho monga chiyamikiro. M’malo mwa kuwukira kukhulupirira kwawo mwa milungu yambiri, Paulo analunjikitsa chidwi pa guwa lansembe limene iye anawona, lomwe linaperekedwa “Kwa Mulungu Wosadziŵika.” Umboni wa mbiri yakale umasonyeza kuti maguwa ansembe oterowo analiko, chomwe chiyenera kulimbikitsa chidaliro chathu m’mbiri ya Luka. Paulo anagwiritsira ntchito guwa lansembe limeneli monga maziko. Anthu a ku Atene anakonda chidziŵitso ndi nzeru. Komabe, iwo anavomereza kuti panali mulungu yemwe kwa iwo anali “wosadziŵika” (Chigriki, aʹgno·stos). Chinali kokha chanzeru, chotero, kuti iwo alole Paulo kumulongosola iye kwa iwo. Palibe wina aliyense amene akanapeza cholakwika ndi kulingalira koteroko, kodi akanatero?

Kodi Mulungu Ngosadziŵika?

11. Ndi mwanjira yotani mmene Paulo anapangitsira gulu lake kulingalira ponena za Mulungu wowona?

¹¹ Chabwino, kodi nchiyani chimene chinali “Mulungu wosadziŵika” ameneyu? “Mulunguyo” anapanga dziko ndi chirichonse chimene chiri mu ilo. Palibe munthu aliyense amene angakane kuti chilengedwe cha ponse ponse chiriko, kuti zomera ndi zinyama ziriko, kuti ife anthu tiripo. Mphamvu ndi luntha, inde, nzeru, zosonyezedwa m’zonsezi zimalozera ku kukhala kwake chotulukapo cha Mlengi wanzeru ndi wamphamvu, m’malo mwa mwaŵi. M’chenicheni, kugwirizana kwa Paulo kwa kulingalira kuli ngakhale koyenerera m’nthaŵi yathu.​—Chibvumbulutso 4:11; 10:6.

12, 13. Ndi umboni wamakono wotani umene umachirikiza nsonga yopangidwa ndi Paulo?

¹² Osati kale kwambiri, m’bukhu lakuti In the Centre of Immensities, katswiri wodziŵa zinthu za kuthambo wa chiBritish Sir Bernard Lovell analemba ponena za kucholowanacholowana konkitsa kwa mitundu yopepuka koposa ya moyo pa dziko lapansi. Iye anakambitsirananso kaya ngati moyo woterowo ukanakhalako mothekeradi mwa ngozi. Mapeto ake ali: “Kuthekera kwa . . . kukhalako kwa mwaŵi kukumatsogolera ku kupangidwa kwa imodzi ya mbali zochepetsetsa za protein kuli mosalingalirika kwakung’ono. Mkati mwa malire a mikhalidwe ya nthaŵi ndi malo amene tikulingalira iri mokhutiritsa yopanda kanthu.”

¹³ Kapena lingalirani mbali ina​—chilengedwe chathu cha ponse ponse. Akatswiri a za kuthambo agwiritsira ntchito ziwiya za magetsi kuphunzira chiyambi chake. Nchiyani chomwe iwo apeza? Mu God and the Astronomers, Robert Jastrow analemba kuti: “Tsopano tikuwona mmene umboni wa zinthu za kuthambo ukutsogolera ku kawonedwe ka baibulo ka chiyambi cha dziko.” “Kwa wasayansi yemwe wakhalira moyo ku chikhulupiriro chake mu mphamvu ya kulingalira, nkhaniyo imatha monga loto loipa. Iye wachotsa mapiri a umbuli; iye ali pafupi kugonjetsa malo apamwamba koposa; pamene akudzikokera iyemwini pa thanthwe lotsirizira, iye akulonjeredwa ndi gulu la anthanthi ya zaumulungu [anthu okhulupirira m’chilengedwe] omwe akhala pamenepo kwa zaka mazana angapo.”​—Yerekezani ndi Salmo 19:1.

14. Ndi nzeru yotani yomwe inachirikiza ndemanga ya Paulo ponena za kusakhala kwa Mulungu mu akachisi opangidwa ndi anthu?

¹⁴ Ife chotero tingawone mmene inaliri yolondola ndemanga ya Paulo pa Machitidwe 17:24, yomwe imatitsogolera ife ku lingaliro lake lotsatira, mu versi 25. Mulungu wamphamvu yemwe anakhoza kupanga “dziko lapansi ndi zonse ziri mmenemo” ali motsimikizirika wamkulu kuposa chilengedwe cha ponse ponse cha zinthu za kuthupi. (Ahebri 3:4) Chotero sichikakhala chanzeru kulingalira kuti iye akakhala ndi polekezera kukhala mu akachisi, makamaka awo omangidwa ndi anthu omwe anavomereza poyera kuti iye anali “wosadziŵika” kwa iwo. Ndi nsonga yamphamvu yotani nanga yopangidwa kwa anthanthi amene pa nthaŵi imeneyo angakhale akuyang’ana m’mwamba pa akachisi ambiri pamwambapo!​—1 Mafumu 8:27; Yesaya 66:1.

15. (a) Nchifukwa ninji Athena anali m’maganizo a khamu la Paulo? (b) Kuti Mulungu ali Mpatsi kuyenera kutsogolera ku mapeto otani?

¹⁵ Mwachidziŵikire, amvetseri a Paulo anapereka kudzipereka pa Acropolis ku limodzi la mafano a mulungu wawo wachikazi, Athena. Athena wolemekezedwayo mu Parthenon anali wopangidwa ndi m’nyanga ndi golide. Chifano china chowumba cha Athena chinaima mamita 20 ndipo chikakhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera m’masitima a m’madzi pa nyanja. Ndipo chinanenedwa kuti fano lodziŵika monga Athena Polias linagwa kuchokera kumwamba; anthu mokhazikika anabweretsa mwinjiro watsopano wopangidwa ndi manja kaamba ka ilo. Komabe, ngati Mulungu yemwe anthu amenewo sanamdziŵe anali Wamkulukulu ndipo analenga chilengedwe cha ponse ponse, nchifukwa ninji akafuna kusamaliridwa ndi zinthu zimene anthu akabweretsa? Iye amapereka zimene timafuna: “moyo” wathu, “mpweya” umene timaufunikira kuchirikiza uwo, ndi “zinthu zonse,” kuphatikizapo dzuŵa, mvula, ndi nthaka yachonde kumene zakudya zathu zimamera. (Machitidwe 14:15-17; Mateyu 5:45) Iye ali Mpatsi, anthu ali olandira. Ndithudi Mpatsi samadalira pa olandira.

Kuchokera kwa Munthu Mmodzi​—Aliyense

16. Ndi kudzinenera kotani kumene Paulo anapanga ponena za chiyambi cha munthu?

¹⁶ Chotsatira, pa Machitidwe 17:26, Paulo akukhazikitsa chowonadi chimene anthu ambiri ayenera kuchilingalira, makamaka ndi kupanda chilungamo kwa ufuko kokulira kowonekera lerolino. Iye ananena kuti Mlengi “ndi mmodzi analenga mitundu yonse ya anthu, kuti akhale ponse pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi.” Lingaliro lakuti fuko la anthu linali pa umodzi kapena pa ubale (ndi zilozero za ichi kaamba ka chilungamo) chinali chinachake kaamba ka anthu amenewo kuchilingalira chifukwa chakuti anthu a ku Atene anadzinenera kuti anali ndi chiyambi chapadera chomwe chinakhazikitsa iwo osiyana ndi mtundu wonse wa anthu. Paulo, ngakhale kuli tero, anavomereza cholembedwa cha Genesis cha munthu woyamba, Adamu, yemwe anakhala muyambitsi wa ife tonse. (Aroma 5:12; 1 Akorinto 15:45-49) Inu mungadabwe, ngakhale ndi tero: ‘Kodi lingaliro loterolo lingachirikizidwe mu mbadwo wathu wamakono wa sayansi?’

17. (a) Ndimotani mmene maumboni ena amakono amalozera ku chitsogozo chofananacho monga mmene anachitira Paulo? (b) Ndi chiyambukiro chotani chimene ichi chiri nacho pa chilungamo?

¹⁷ Nthanthi ya chisinthiko imalingalira kuti munthu anasinthika m’malo osiyanasiyana ndi m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma kumayambiriro kwa chaka chapita, Newsweek inapereka mbali yake ya sayansi ku “Kufufuza kaamba ka Adamu ndi Hava.” Iyo inalunjikitsa chidwi pa zochitika za posachedwapa m’munda wa zobadwa nazo m’mitsempha. Pamene kuli kwakuti, monga mmene tingayembekezere, si asayansi onse amene angavomerezane, chithunzi chomatulukacho chikulozera ku mapeto akuti anthu onse ali ndi kholo limodzi la zinthu za m’mitsempha. Popeza kuti, monga mmene Baibulo linanenera kalelo, tonsefe ndife abale, kodi sipayenera kukhala chilungamo kaamba ka onse? Kodi tonsefe sitiyenera kukhala ndi kuyenera ku kuchitiridwa kopanda tsankho mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa khungu lathu, mtundu wa tsitsi, kapena zizindikiritso zina za kunja? (Genesis 11:1; Machitidwe 10:34, 35) Timafunikirabe kudziŵa, ngakhale ndi tero, mmene ndi pamene chilungamo chidzabwera kaamba ka mtundu wa anthu.

18. Ndi maziko otani amene analipo kaamba ka ndemanga ya Paulo ponena za zochita za Mulungu ndi anthu?

¹⁸ Chabwino, mu versi 26, Paulo analoza kuti Mlengi angayembekezeredwe kukhala ndi chifuno, kapena cholinga cholungama, kaamba ka mtundu wa anthu. Mtumwiyo anadziŵa kuti pamene Mulungu anachita ndi mtundu wa Israyeli, Iye analamula kumene iwo akayenera kukhala ndi mmene mitundu ina ikayenera kuchitira nawo. (Eksodo 23:31, 32; Numeri 34:1-12; Deuteronomo 32:49-52) Ndithudi, khamu la Paulo lingakhale linagwiritsira ntchito monyada ndemanga zake poyambirira kwa iwo eni. M’chenicheni, kaya iwo anachidziŵa icho kapena ayi, Yehova Mulungu analongosola mwaulosi chifuno chake ponena za nthaŵiyo, kapena nthaŵi mu mbiri yakale, pamene Grisi akakhala mphamvu ya dziko yaikulu yachisanu. (Danieli 7:6; 8:5-8, 21; 11:2, 3) Popeza kuti Ameneyu angasonkhezere ngakhale mitundu, kodi sichiri chanzeru kuti tifune kuphunzira za iye?

19. Nchifukwa ninji nsonga ya Paulo pa Machitidwe 17:27 iri ya nzeru?

¹⁹ Sichiri ngati kuti Mulungu watisiya mu umbuli ponena za iye, tikumadzandira mwakhungu. Iye anapatsa anthu a ku Atene ndi ife maziko kaamba ka kuphunzira ponena za iye. Pa Aroma 1:20 Paulo pambuyo pake analemba kuti: “Pakuti chilengedwere dziko lapansi, zawoneka bwino zosawoneka, zake [za Mulungu] ndizo mphamvu yake yosatha ndi Umulungu wake.” Chotero, Mulungu salidi kutali ndi ife ngati tifuna kumpeza iye ndi kuphunzira ponena za iye.​—Machitidwe 17:27.

20. Ndimotani mmene chiriri chowona kuti ndi Mulungu “tiri ndi moyo ndipo tiyenda ndi kukhalapo”?

²⁰ Chiyamikiro chiyenera kutifulumiza ife kuchita tero, monga momwe Machitidwe 17:28 ikulingalira. Mulungu watipatsa ife moyo. M’chenicheni, tiri ndi woposa chabe moyo wopepuka m’lingaliro lakuti mtengo uli ndi moyo. Ife, ndi nyama zambiri, tiri ndi kuthekera kokulira kwa kukhala okhoza kuyendayenda. Kodi sitiri achimwemwe ponena za chimenecho? Koma Paulo akutengera nkhaniyo patali. Tikukhalapo monga zolengedwa zanzeru zokhala ndi maumunthu. Ubongo wathu wopatsidwa ndi Mulungu umatitheketsa ife kulingalira, kugwira maprinsipulo osawoneka (monga chilungamo chowona), ndi kuyembekezera​—inde, kuyang’ana kutsogolo ku kukwaniritsidwa kwa chifuno cha Mulungu. Monga mmene mungayamikirire, Paulo angakhale anazindikira kuti ichi chikakhala zochulukira kwambiri kaamba ka anthanthi ya Epikureya ndi Astoiki kuzilandira. Kuti awathandize iwo, iye anagwira mawu a olemba ndakatulo a Chigriki omwe iwo anadziŵa ndi kuwalemekeza, olemba ndakatulo omwe mofananamo ananena kuti: “Pakuti ifenso tiri mbadwa zake.”

21. Kukhala kwathu mbadwa za Mulungu kuyenera kutiyambukira ife mwanjira yotani?

²¹ Ngati anthu amayamikira kuti tiri mbadwa, kapena zotulukapo, za Mulungu Wam’mwambamwamba, chiri kokha choyenerera kwa iwo kuyang’ana kwa iye kaamba ka chitsogozo pa mmene angakhalire ndi moyo. Muyenera kukhumbira kulimba mtima kwa Paulo, pamene iye anaima chifupifupi mu mthunzi wa Acropolis. Iye molimba mtima analingalira kuti Mlengi wathu ndithudi ali wokulira kuposa fano lopangidwa ndi munthu lirilonse, ngakhale lija lopangidwa ndi golide ndi mnyanga mu Parthenon. Tonsefe amene tavomereza ndemanga ya Paulo tiyenera mofananamo kuvomereza kuti Mulungu sali wofanana ndi alionse a mafano olambiridwa ndi anthu lerolino.​—Yesaya 40:18-26.

22. Ndimotani mmene kutembenuka mtima kukuphatikizidwiramo m’kulandira kwathu chilungamo?

²² Iyi siiri kokha nsonga yopanda pake kaamba ka wina kuilandira mwamaganizo pamene akupitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo monga kale. Paulo anachimveketsa icho mu versi 30: “Nthaŵi za kusadziŵa tsono Mulungu analekerera [za kulingalira kuti Mulungu ali wofanana ndi fano laling’ono kapena kuti angalandire kulambira kupyolera m’zoterozo], koma tsopanotu alinkulamulira anthu onse ponse ponse atembenuke mtima.” Chotero, monga mmene iye anamangirira mapeto ake amphamvu, Paulo anapereka nsonga yozizwitsa​—kutembenuka mtima! Chotero ngati tikuyang’ana kwa Mulungu kaamba ka chilungamo chowona, chimatanthauza kuti tiyenera kutembenuka mtima. Kodi chimenecho chimafunikiranji kwa ife? Ndipo ndimotani mmene Mulungu adzaperekera chilungamo kaamba ka onse?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mungayankhe?

◻ Ndi mkhalidwe wa chipembedzo wotani umene Paulo anapeza mu Atene, ndipo ndimotani mmene mkhalidwe wofananawo ukukhalira lerolino?

◻ Ndi m’njira ziti mmene Mulungu aliri wamkulu kuposa milungu yonse yonyenga yomwe inkalambiridwa mu Atene wa m’tsiku la Paulo?

◻ Ndi nsonga ya maziko iti ponena za njira imene Mulungu analengera mtundu wa anthu imatanthauza kuti payenera kukhala chilungamo kaamba ka onse?

◻ Ndimotani mmene anthu ayenera kuvomerezera ku chidziŵitso cha ukulu wa Mulungu?

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Chilungamo kaamba ka Onse​—Machitidwe, Mutu 17

“16 Pamene Paulo analindira iwo pa Atene, anavutidwa mtima pamene anawona mudzi wonse wadzala ndi mafano. 17 Chotero tsono anatsutsana ndi Ayuda ndi akupembedza m’sunagoge [Mulungu, NW], ndi m’bwalo la malonda masiku onse ndi iwo amene anakomana nawo. 18 Ndipo akukonda nzeru ena a Epikureya ndi a Stoiki anatengana naye. Ena anati, Ichi chiyani afuna kunena wobwetuka uyu? Ndipo ena, Anga wolalikira ziwanda zachilendo, chifukwa analalikira Yesu ndi kuuka kwa akufa. 19 Ndipo anamgwira, nanka naye ku Areopagi, nati, Kodi tingathe kudziŵa chiphunzitso ichi chatsopano uchinena iwe? 20 Pakuti ufika nazo ku makutu athu zachilendo: tifuna tsono kudziŵa, izi zitani? 21 (Koma Aatene onse ndi alendo akukhalamo anakhalitsa nthaŵi zawo, osachita kanthu kena koma kunena kapena kumva chatsopano.) 22 Ndipo anaimirira Paulo pakati pa Areopagi nati,

Amuna inu a Atene, m’zinthu zonse ndiwona kuti muli akupembedzetsa. 23 Pakuti popita, ndi kuwona zinthu zimene muzipembedza, ndipezanso guwa la nsembe lolembedwa potere, KWA MULUNGU WOSADZIŴIKA. Chimene muchipembedza osachidziŵa, chimenecho ndichilalikira kwa inu. 24 Mulungu amene analenga dziko lapansi ndi zonse ziri momwemo, Iyeyo, ndiye [Ambuye, NW] mwini kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, sakhala m’nyumba zakachisi zomangidwa ndi manja; 25 satumikidwa ndi manja a anthu, monga wosowa kanthu, popeza Iye mwini apatsa zonse moyo ndi mpweya ndi zinthu zonse; 26 ndipo ndi mmodzi analenga mitunu yonse ya anthu, kuti akhale ponse pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi, atapangiratu nyengo zawo, ndi malekezero a pokhala pawo; 27 kuti afunefune Mulungu, kapena akamfufuze ndi kumpeza, ngakhale sakhala patari ndi yense wa ife; 28 pakuti mwa Iye tikhala ndi moyo ndi kuyendayenda, ndi kupeza mkhalidwe wathu; monga enanso a akuyimba anu ati, Pakuti ifenso tiri mbadwa zake.

29 Popeza tsono tiri mbadwa za Mulungu, sitiyenera kulingalira kuti umulungu uli wofanana ndi golidi, kapena siliva, kapena mwala, wolocha ndi luso ndi zolingalira za anthu. 30 Nthaŵi za kusadziŵako tsono Mulungu analekerera; koma tsopanotu alinkulamulira anthu onse ponse ponse atembenuke mtima; 31 chifukwa anapangira tsiku limene adzaweruza dziko lokhalamo anthu [m’chilunjiko, NW], ndi munthu amene anamuikiratu; napatsa anthu onse chitsimikizo, pamene anamuukitsa Iye kwa akufa.”

[Bokosi patsamba 7]

Chilengedwe cha Ponse Ponse Chinalengedwa

Mu 1980 Dr. John A. O’Keefe, wa NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), analemba kuti: “Ndikuvomereza ku kawonedwe ka Jastrow kakuti sayansi ya za kuthambo yamakono yapeza umboni wodalirika kuti Chilengedwe cha Ponse Ponse chinalengedwa zaka zina mabiliyoni khumi mphambu zisanu kufika ku makumi aŵiri apitawo.” “Ndikuchipeza icho kukhala chosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona mmene umboni wa Chilengedwe . . . uyenera kusindikizidwa mowonekera bwino kwambiri pa chirichonse chotizungulira: mathanthwe, kumwamba, njira zopita mawu a wailesi, ndi pa maziko akulu a malamulo a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe.”

[Bokosi patsamba 9]

“Kufufuza kaamba ka Adamu ndi Hava”

Pansi pa mutu umenewo, nkhani ya Newsweek inanena m’mbali ina kuti: “Yemwe pa nthaŵi ina anali wofukula zofotseredwa pansi Richard Leakey analengeza mu 1977 kuti: ‘Palibe malo amodzi a pakati kumene munthu wamakono anabadwira.’ Koma tsopano akatswiri odziŵa za mbali zopanga ziwalo za munthu ali oyedzamira kukhulupirira mosiyanako . . . ‘Ngati chiri cholondola, ndipo ndingaike ndalama zanga pa icho, lingaliro limeneli liri lofunika koposa mokulira,’ anatero Stephen Jay Gould, katswiri wodziwa za zofukulidwa ndi kulemba nkhani wa pa Harvard. ‘Chimatipanga ife kuzindikira kuti anthu onse, mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana m’kawonekedwe kakunja, ali ndithudi ziwalo za chiyambi chimodzi chomwe chinali ndi chiyambi chaposachedwapa m’malo amodzi. Pali mtundu wa ubale wa kapangidwe ka thupi umene uli wodziŵika koposa kuposa mmene tinazindikirira.’”​—January 11, 1988.