N’chifukwa Chiyani Tiyenera Kuchita Chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye?
“Ine ndinalandira kwa Ambuye, chimenenso ndinapereka kwa inu.” —1 Akorinto 11:23.
1, 2. Kodi Yesu anachita chiyani pa usiku wa Paskha mu 33 C.E.?
MWANA wobadwa yekha wa Yehova analipo. Panalinso amuna 11 amene ‘anakhala ndi iye chikhalire m’mayesero ake.’ (Luka 22:28) Linali Lachinayi madzulo, pa March 31, 33 C.E., ndipo mwachionekere mwezi unakongoletsa thambo ku Yerusalemu. Yesu Kristu ndi atumwi ake anangomaliza kumene kukondwerera Paskha. Yudasi Isikariote yemwe anali wosakhulupirika anamuuza kuti achoke, koma nthaŵi yoti enawo achoke inali isanakwane. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti Yesu anatsala pang’ono kuchita chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Kodi anafuna kuchita chiyani?
2 Popeza Mateyu yemwe analemba Uthenga Wabwino analipo, tiyeni timulole atiuze. Iye analemba kuti: “Yesu anatenga mkate, nadalitsa, naunyema; ndipo mmene anapatsa kwa ophunzira, anati, Tengani, idyani; ichi ndi thupi langa. Ndipo pamene anatenga chikho, anayamika, napatsa iwo, nanena, Mumwere ichi inu nonse, pakuti ichi ndicho mwazi wanga wa pangano, wothiridwa chifukwa cha anthu ambiri ku kuchotsa machimo.” (Mateyu 26:26-28) Kodi chimenechi chinali chinthu chongochitika kamodzi kokha basi? Kodi chinali kuimira chiyani? Kodi chili ndi phindu kwa ife masiku ano?
“Chitani Ichi”
3. N’chifukwa chiyani zimene Yesu anachita usiku wa pa Nisani 14, 33 C.E., zinali zofunika kwambiri?
3 Zimene Yesu Kristu anachita usiku wa pa Nisani 14, 33 C.E., sizinangokhala zochitika wamba m’moyo wake. Mtumwi Paulo anafotokozanso zimene zinachitikazi polembera Akristu odzozedwa a ku Korinto, kumene mwambo umenewu anali kuutsatira kwa zaka zoposa 20 kuyambira pamene anauyambitsa. Ngakhale kuti Paulo sanali pamodzi ndi Yesu ndi atumwi 11 aja mu 33 C.E., iye mwachionekere anamva kwa atumwi ena zimene zinachitika pa mwambo umenewo. Ndiponso, Paulo mwachionekere anapeza umboni wa zochitika za mwambo umenewo mwa vumbulutso louziridwa. Paulo anati: “Ine ndinalandira kwa Ambuye, chimenenso ndinapereka kwa inu, kuti Ambuye Yesu usiku uja anaperekedwa, anatenga mkate; ndipo mmene adayamika, ananyema, nati, Ichi ndi thupi langa la kwa inu; chitani ichi chikhale chikumbukiro changa. Koteronso chikho, chitatha chakudya, ndi kuti, Chikho ichi ndi pangano latsopano m’mwazi wanga; chitani ichi, nthaŵi zonse mukamwa, chikhale chikumbukiro changa.”—1 Akorinto 11:23-25.
4. N’chifukwa chiyani Akristu ayenera kuchita chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye?
4 Wolemba Uthenga Wabwino Luka anatsimikizira kuti Yesu analamula kuti: “Chitani ichi chikumbukiro changa.” (Luka 22:19) Mawu ameneŵa ena awamasuliranso kuti: “Muzichita zimenezi kuti mundikumbukire” (Chipangano Chatsopano Cholembedwa m’Chicheŵa Chamakono) ndiponso kuti “Chitani ichi monga chikumbutso changa.” (The Jerusalem Bible) Ndipotu, chikumbutso chimenechi nthaŵi zambiri chimatchedwanso Chikumbutso cha imfa ya Kristu. Paulo anachitchanso kuti Mgonero wa Ambuye, lomwe ndi liwu loyenerera chifukwa anachiyambitsa usiku. (1 Akorinto 11:20) Akristu amalamulidwa kuchita chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye. Koma kodi chikumbutsochi anachiyambitsa chifukwa chiyani?
Zifukwa Zake Anachiyambitsa
5, 6. (a) Kodi chifukwa choyamba chimene Yesu anayambitsira Chikumbutso n’chiti? (b) Perekani chifukwa china chimene anayambitsira Mgonero wa Ambuye.
5 Chifukwa choyamba chimene anayambitsira Chikumbutso ndicho chimodzi mwa zolinga zimene imfa ya Yesu inakwaniritsa. Iye anafa monga wotsimikizira kuti Atate wake wakumwamba ndiye woyenera kulamulira. Motero, Kristu anatsimikizira kuti Satana Mdyerekezi, yemwe ananena zonama kuti anthu amatumikira Mulungu chifukwa cha phindu limene amapezapo, ndi wabodza. (Yobu 2:1-5) Kufa kwa Yesu ali wokhulupirika kunatsimikizira kuti zimenezi zinali zabodza ndipo anasangalatsa mtima wa Yehova.—Miyambo 27:11.
6 Chifukwa china chimene chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye anachiyambitsira chinali kutikumbutsa kuti Yesu, mwa imfa yake monga munthu wangwiro, wopanda tchimo lililonse, ‘anapereka moyo wake dipo la anthu ambiri.’ (Mateyu 20:28) Munthu woyamba atachimwira Mulungu, anataya moyo wangwiro ndi zinthu zonse zimene akanakhala nazo chifukwa cha moyo umenewo. Komabe, Yesu anati: “Mulungu anakonda dziko lapansi kotero, kuti anapatsa Mwana wake wobadwa yekha, kuti yense wakukhulupirira Iye asatayike, koma akhale nawo moyo wosatha.” (Yohane 3:16) Inde, “mphotho yake ya uchimo ndi imfa; koma mphatso yaulere ya Mulungu ndiyo moyo wosatha wa mwa Kristu Yesu Ambuye wathu.” (Aroma 6:23) Kuchita chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye kumatikumbutsa chikondi chachikulu chimene Yehova ndi Mwana wake anachisonyeza mwa imfa ya nsembe ya Yesu. Ndiyetu tiyenera kuyamikira chikondi chimenechi!
Kodi Chiyenera Kuchitika Liti?
7. Kodi Akristu odzozedwa amadya pa Chikumbutso “nthaŵi zonse” motani?
7 Pofotokoza za Mgonero wa Ambuye, Paulo anati: “Nthaŵi zonse mukadya mkate uwu ndi kumwera chikho, mulalikira imfa ya Ambuye kufikira akadza Iye.” (1 Akorinto 11:26) Akristu odzozedwa aliyense payekha adzadya zizindikiro za pa Chikumbutso mpaka pamene adzamwalira. Motero, iwo adzalengeza mobwerezabwereza pamaso pa Yehova Mulungu ndi dziko lapansi chikhulupiriro chawo m’makonzedwe a Mulungu a nsembe ya dipo ya Yesu.
8. Kodi gulu la odzozedwa lidzachita Mgonero wa Ambuye mpaka liti?
8 Kodi gulu la Akristu odzozedwa lidzachita Chikumbutso cha imfa ya Kristu mpaka liti? Paulo anati: “Kufikira akadza iye.” Zimenezi mwachionekere zinatanthauza kuti adzachitabe chikumbutsochi mpaka pamene Yesu adzabwera kudzatenga otsatira ake odzozedwa kupita kumwamba mwa kuwaukitsa nthaŵi ya “kufikanso [“kukhalapo,” NW]” kwake. (1 Atesalonika 4:14-17) Zimenezi zikugwirizana ndi zimene Yesu anauza atumwi 11 okhulupirikawo kuti: “Ngati ndipita kukakonzera inu malo, ndidzabweranso, ndipo ndidzalandira inu kwa Ine ndekha; kuti kumene kuli Ineko, mukakhale inunso.”—Yohane 14:3.
9. Kodi mawu a Yesu amene ali pa Marko 14:25 akutanthauza chiyani?
9 Pamene Yesu anayambitsa Chikumbutso, anafotokoza za chikho cha vinyo ndipo anauza atumwi ake okhulupirika kuti: “Sindidzamwanso chipatso cha mpesa, kufikira tsiku lijalo, limene ndidzamwa icho chatsopano mu Ufumu wa Mulungu.” (Marko 14:25) Popeza Yesu sadzakhala akumwa vinyo weniweni kumwamba, iye mwachionekere anali kuganizira za chimwemwe chimene nthaŵi zina chimaimiridwa ndi vinyo. (Salmo 104:15; Mlaliki 10:19) Kukhala limodzi mu Ufumu chidzakhala chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chimene iye ndi otsatira mapazi ake akhala akuyembekezera ndi mtima wonse.—Aroma 8:23; 2 Akorinto 5:2.
10. Kodi Chikumbutso chiyenera kuchitika kangati?
10 Kodi imfa ya Yesu iyenera kukumbukiridwa mwezi uliwonse, mlungu uliwonse, kapena ngakhale tsiku lililonse? Ayi. Yesu anayambitsa Mgonero wa Ambuye ndiponso anaphedwa pa tsiku la Paskha, amene ankachitika monga “chikumbutso” cha kuwomboledwa kwa Aisrayeli ku ukapolo wa ku Igupto mu 1513 B.C.E. (Eksodo 12:14) Paskha ankachitika kamodzi kokha pachaka, pa 14 mwezi wachiyuda wa Nisani. (Eksodo 12:1-6; Levitiko 23:5) Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti imfa ya Yesu iyenera kukumbukiridwa monga Paskha, kamodzi pachaka osati mwezi uliwonse, mlungu uliwonse kapena tsiku lililonse.
11, 12. Kodi zochitika m’mbiri zikuvumbula chiyani pankhani yochita Chikumbutso m’zaka zoyambirira?
11 Ndiyetu n’koyenera kuchita Chikumbutso pachaka kamodzi pa Nisani 14. Buku lina limati: “Akristu a ku Asia Minor ankatchedwa Anthu Osunga Tsiku la Khumi ndi Chinayi chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chawo chokondwerera pascha [Mgonero wa Ambuye] pa Nisani 14 nthaŵi zonse . . . Detilo lingakhale pa Lachisanu kapena tsiku lina lililonse la mlungu.”—The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Voliyumu 4, tsamba 44.
12 Pofotokoza mmene chikumbutsochi chinkachitikira m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., wolemba mbiri wina, J. L. von Mosheim anati Anthu Osunga Tsiku la Khumi ndi Chinayi ankachita Chikumbutso pa Nisani 14 chifukwa chakuti “ankaona kuti chitsanzo cha Kristu chinali lamulo lofunika kulitsatira.” Wolemba mbiri winanso anati: “Zimene ankachita m’matchalitchi a Anthu Osunga Tsiku la Khumi ndi Chinayi a ku Asia zinali zofanana ndi zimene zinkachitika m’tchalitchi cha ku Yerusalemu. M’zaka za m’ma 100, matchalitchi ameneŵa pa Pascha wawo wa pa Nisani 14 ankakumbukira kuwomboledwa kumene kunatheka chifukwa cha imfa ya Kristu.”—Studia Patristica, Voliyumu 5, 1962, tsamba 8.
Zimene Mkate Umaimira
13. Kodi Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito mkate wotani poyambitsa Mgonero wa Ambuye?
13 Pamene Yesu anayambitsa Chikumbutso, “Iye anatenga mkate, ndipo pamene anadalitsa, ananyema, napereka kwa [atumwi].” (Marko 14:22) Mkate umene anagwiritsa ntchito pa mwambowo unali wofanana ndi umene anangougwiritsa ntchito kumene pa Paskha. (Eksodo 13:6-10) Popeza mkatewo ankauwotcha popanda chotupitsa, unali wopyapyala ndiponso wosavuta kunyema ndipo anali kuunyema kuti agaŵire anthu. Nthaŵi imene Yesu anachulukitsa mkate mozizwitsa kuti adyetse anthu ambirimbiri, unalinso mkate wopyapyala wosavuta kunyema, chifukwa anaunyema kuti ugawidwe. (Mateyu 14:19; 15:36) Motero, kunyema mkate wa pa Chikumbutso kulibe tanthauzo lililonse lauzimu.
14. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani n’koyenera kuti mkate wa pa Chikumbutso ukhale wopanda chotupitsa? (b) Kodi ndi mkate wotani umene ungagulidwe kapena kuwotchedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pa Mgonero wa Ambuye?
14 Yesu pofotokoza za mkate umene anaugwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa Chikumbutso, anati: “Ichi ndi thupi langa la kwa inu.” (1 Akorinto 11:24; Marko 14:22) Zinali zoyenerera kuti mkatewo ukhale wopanda chotupitsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti chotupitsa chingaimire kuipa kapena uchimo. (1 Akorinto 5:6-8) Mkatewo unaimira thupi la Yesu langwiro, lopanda uchimo, limene moyenerera analipereka monga nsembe ya dipo. (Ahebri 7:26; 10:5-10) Mboni za Yehova zimakumbukira zimenezi ndipo zimatsatira chitsanzo cha Yesu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mkate wopanda chotupitsa pochita Chikumbutso. Nthaŵi zina izo zimagwiritsa ntchito mikate yopanda chotupitsa ya Ayuda yosasakaniza chilichonse, monga anyezi kapena mazira. Ngati imeneyi singapezeke, mkate wopanda chotupitsa ungapangidwe posakaniza ufa wochepa (ngati n’kotheka ukhale wa tirigu) ndi madzi pang’ono. Ndiyeno mtandawo uyenera kupamanthidwa kuti ukhale wopyapyala ndipo ungawotchedwe m’chiwaya chimene chili ndi mafuta pang’ono mpaka mkatewo utauma.
Zimene Vinyo Amaimira
15. Kodi m’chikho chimene Kristu anagwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa Chikumbutso cha imfa yake munali chiyani?
15 Atayendetsa mkate wopanda chotupitsa, Yesu anatenga chikho, “ndipo pamene adayamika, anapereka kwa iwo [atumwi]; ndipo iwo onse anamweramo.” Yesu anafotokoza kuti: “Ichi ndi mwazi wanga wa chipangano, wothiridwa chifukwa cha anthu ambiri.” (Marko 14:23, 24) Kodi m’chikhomo munali chiyani? Munali vinyo wowira, osati chakumwa cha mphesa chosawira. Pamene Malemba akunena kuti vinyo, satanthauza chakumwa cha mphesa chosawira. Mwachitsanzo, vinyo wowira ndi amene angaphulitse “matumba akale” monga mmene Yesu ananenera osati chakumwa cha mphesa. Ndiponso, adani a Kristu anamunena kuti iye anali “wakumwaimwa vinyo.” Kum’neneza kumeneku kukanakhala kopanda pake ngati vinyoyo akanakhala chakumwa cha mphesa chabe. (Mateyu 9:17; 11:19) Pa Paskha, anthu anali kumwa vinyo, ndipo Kristu anagwiritsa ntchito vinyo ameneyu poyambitsa Chikumbutso cha imfa yake.
16, 17. Kodi ndi vinyo wotani amene ali woyenerera pa Chikumbutso, ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
16 Vinyo wofiira yekha ndiye chizindikiro choyenerera cha zimene vinyo wa m’chikhocho akuimira, chomwe ndi mwazi umene Yesu anakhetsa. Iye mwiniyo anati: “Ichi ndi mwazi wanga wa chipangano, wothiridwa chifukwa cha anthu ambiri.” Ndipo mtumwi Petro analemba kuti: “[Inu Akristu odzozedwa] podziŵa kuti simunaomboledwa ndi zovunda, golidi ndi siliva, kusiyana nawo makhalidwe anu achabe ochokera kwa makolo anu: koma ndi mwazi wa mtengo wake wapatali monga wa mwana wa nkhosa wopanda chirema, ndi wopanda banga, ndiwo mwazi wa Kristu.”—1 Petro 1:18, 19.
17 Mosakayika, vinyo wamphesa wofiira ndi amene Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa Chikumbutso. Komabe, vinyo wina wofiira wa masiku ano ndi wosavomerezeka chifukwa amasakanizamo zinthu zowonjezera mphamvu kapena zokoleretsa. Mwazi wa Yesu unali wokwanira, sunafunikire kuwonjezera chinthu china chilichonse. Motero, vinyo monga port, sherry, and vermouth sangakhale woyenera. M’chikho cha pa Chikumbutso muyenera kukhala vinyo wosasakaniza zotsekemera ndiponso kumuwonjezera mphamvu. Vinyo wa mphesa wofiira amene munthu angapange kunyumba wosasakaniza zotsekemera angagwiritsidwe ntchito, chimodzimodzinso vinyo wofiira wa burgundy ndi claret.
18. N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu sanachite chozizwitsa pa mkate ndi vinyo wa pa Chikumbutso?
18 Poyambitsa chakudya chimenechi, Yesu sanachite zozizwitsa, kusintha zizindikirozo kukhala thupi lake lenileni ndi mwazi wake weniweni. Kudya thupi la munthu ndi kumwa mwazi n’kuswa lamulo la Mulungu. (Genesis 9:3, 4; Levitiko 17:10) Yesu anali ndi thupi lake lonse ndiponso magazi ake onse. Thupi lake analipereka monga nsembe yangwiro, ndipo magazi ake anawakhetsa madzulo a tsiku lomwelo lachiyuda la Nisani 14. Motero, mkate ndi vinyo za pa Chikumbutso n’zophiphiritsira, zikuimira thupi ndi mwazi wa Kristu.a
Chikumbutso Ndi Chakudya Chodyera Pamodzi
19. N’chifukwa chiyani pa chikumbutso cha Mgonero wa Ambuye zikho ndiponso mbale zingapo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
19 Pamene Yesu anayambitsa Chikumbutso, anauza atumwi ake okhulupirikawo kumwera m’chikho chimodzi. Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu umati: “[Yesu] anatenga chikho, anayamika, napatsa iwo, nanena, Mumwere ichi inu nonse.” (Mateyu 26:27) Kugwiritsa ntchito “chikho” chimodzi, osati zambiri, kunali kosavuta popeza pa mwambowo omweramowo amene analipo 11 okha, mwachionekere anali pa tebulo limodzi ndipo akanapatsirana chikhocho mosavuta. Chaka chino, anthu miyandamiyanda adzasonkhana pa Mgonero wa Ambuye m’mipingo yoposa 94,000 ya Mboni za Yehova padziko lonse. Popeza anthu adzasonkhana m’malo ambiri kuti achite chikumbutso chimenechi usiku umodzi womwewo, sizingatheke kuti anthu onsewo agwiritse ntchito chikho chimodzi. Komabe mfundoyo imatsatiridwabe m’mipingo ikuluikulu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zikho zingapo kuti zidutse mwa anthu osonkhanawo mosadya nthaŵi yambiri. Mofananamo, mbale zingapo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka mkate. Malemba sasonyeza kuti chikhocho chiyenera kukhala chopangidwa mwa mtundu winawake. Komabe, chiyenera kusonyeza kuti mwambowo ndi wolemekezeka, chimodzimodzinso ndi mbale zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndi bwino kupeŵa kudzaza kwambiri chikhocho kufika poti vinyoyo akhoza kutayikira pamene anthu akupatsirana.
20, 21. N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti Chikumbutso ndi chakudya chodyera limodzi?
20 Ngakhale kuti mbale zingapo za mkate ndiponso zikho zingapo za vinyo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, Chikumbutso ndi chakudya chodyera pamodzi. Kale ku Israyeli, mwamuna ankapereka chakudya chodyera pamodzi mwa kubweretsa nyama ku kachisi wa Mulungu kumene inali kuphedwa. Mbali ina ya nyamayo inkawotchedwa pa guwa la nsembe, gawo lina linkapita kwa wansembe amene anapereka nsembeyo ndipo ina inkapita kwa ana a Aroni ansembe, ndipo woperekayo ndi banja lake ankadya nawo chakudyacho. (Levitiko 3:1-16; 7:28-36) Chikumbutso nachonso ndi chakudya chodyera pamodzi chifukwa pamakhala kugawana.
21 Yehova amakhala nawonso m’chakudya chodyera limodzi chimenechi monga Woyambitsa makonzedwe ameneŵa. Yesu ndiye nsembe, ndipo Akristu odzozedwa amadya zizindikirozo monga anthu otenga nawo mbali. Kudya pa gome la Yehova kumatanthauza kuti amene akudyawo ali naye pa mtendere. Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, Paulo analemba kuti: “Chikho cha dalitso chimene tidalitsa, sichili chiyanjano cha mwazi wa Kristu kodi? Mkate umene tinyema suli chiyanjano cha thupi la Kristu kodi? Pakuti mkate ndiwo umodzi, chotero ife ambiri ndife thupi limodzi; pakuti ife tonse titengako ku mkate umodzi.”—1 Akorinto 10:16, 17.
22. Kodi ndi mafunso ati okhudza Chikumbutso amene tidzakambirana?
22 Mgonero wa Ambuye ndi mwambo wokhawo wachipembedzo wa pachaka umene Mboni za Yehova zimachita. Zimenezi n’zoyenerera chifukwa Yesu analamulira otsatira ake kuti: “Chitani ichi chikhale chikumbukiro changa.” Pa Chikumbutso, timakumbukira imfa ya Yesu, imene inatsimikizira kuti Yehova ndiye woyenera kulamulira. Monga mmene taonera, pa chakudya chodyera limodzi chimenechi, mkate umaimira thupi la Kristu limene analipereka nsembe ndipo vinyo amaimira magazi amene anakhetsa. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amadya nawo mkate ndi vinyo zophiphiritsirazo. N’chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? Kodi Chikumbutso chili ndi phindu lenileni kwa anthu miyandamiyanda amene sadya nawo? Inde, kodi Mgonero wa Ambuye uyenera kukhala ndi phindu lanji kwa inu?
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Onani buku la Insight on the Scriptures, voliyumu 2, tsamba 271, lofalitsidwa ndi Mboni za Yehova.
Kodi Mungayankhe Bwanji?
• N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu anayambitsa Mgonero wa Ambuye?
• Kodi Chikumbutso chiyenera kuchitika kangati?
• Kodi mkate wa pa Chikumbutso wopanda chotupitsa umaimira chiyani?
• Kodi vinyo wa pa Chikumbutso amaimira chiyani?
[Chithunzi patsamba 15]
Yesu anayambitsa Mgonero wa Ambuye