Buku la Anthu Onse

“Mulungu alibe tsankhu; koma m’mitundu yonse, wakumuopa iye ndi wakuchita chilungamo alandiridwa naye.”​—MACHITIDWE 10:34, 35.

 1. Kodi profesa wina anati bwanji atamfunsa za mmene amalionera Baibulo, ndipo anasankha kuchitanji?

LAMLUNGU lina masana, profesa anali panyumba, ndipo sanali kuyembekeza alendo alionse. Koma pamene mmodzi wa alongo athu achikristu anapita kukalankhula naye panyumba pake, iye anamvetsera. Mlongoyo analankhula za kuipitsa zachilengedwe ndi mtsogolo mwa dziko lapansi​—nkhani zimene zinamkondweretsa profesayo. Komabe, ataloŵetsapo Baibulo pamakambitsiranowo, iye anaoneka kuti akukayikira. Choncho anamfunsa za mmene amalionera Baibulo.

“Ndi buku labwino limene linalembedwa ndi amuna ena anzeru,” anayankha motero, “koma sitinganene kuti Baibulo limanena zenizeni.”

“Kodi munaliŵerengapo Baibulo?” mlongoyo anafunsa motero.

Atadzidzimuka nalo funsolo, profesayo anavomereza kuti sanaliŵerengepo.

Ndiyeno mlongoyo anafunsa kuti: “Inu mungalankhule bwanji motsimikiza chonchi za buku limene simunaliŵerengepo?”

Mlongo wathu anatchula mfundo yabwino. Profesayo anasankha kulifufuza Baibulo kenako nkudziŵa zokambapo.

2, 3. Kodi nchifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri samaŵerenga Baibulo, ndipo zimenezi zimatipatsa vuto lotani?

² Profesayo siali yekha. Anthu ambiri ali ndi malingaliro awoawo ponena za Baibulo ngakhale kuti sanaliŵerengepo iwo eni! Mwina Baibulo ali nalo. Mwina akhozanso nkumaliona ngati buku labwino kapena lofunika chifukwa cha mbiri yake yakale. Koma ambiri saliŵerenga. ‘Ndilibe nthaŵi yoŵerenga Baibulo,’ ena amatero. Ena amafunsa kuti, ‘Kodi buku lakalekale lingandithandize motani m’moyo wanga?’ Malingaliro ameneŵa amatipatsa vuto lalikulu. Mboni za Yehova zimakhulupirira kwabasi kuti Baibulo “adaliuzira Mulungu, ndipo lipindulitsa pachiphunzitso.” (2 Timoteo 3:16, 17) Komano kodi anthu tingawakhutiritse motani kuti mosasamala kanthu za fuko lawo, kapena mtundu wawo, iwo ayenera kulifufuza Baibulo?

³ Tiyeni tikambitsirane zifukwa zina zofufuzira Baibulo. Makambitsirano ameneŵa adzatikonzekeretsa kukambitsirana ndi anthu amene timakumana nawo mu utumiki wathu, mwinamwake kuwasonkhezera kuti ayenera kulingalirapo pa zimene Baibulo limanena. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kupenda kumeneku kuyenera kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro chathu chakuti Baibulo lilidi chimene limadzitcha​—“mawu a Mulungu.”​—Ahebri 4:12.

Buku Lofalitsidwa Koposa Padziko Lonse Lapansi

 4. Kodi nchifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti Baibulo ndilo buku lofalitsidwa koposa padziko lonse lapansi?

⁴ Choyamba, Baibulo nloyenerera kulisanthula chifukwa chakuti ndilo buku lofalitsidwa ndi kutembenuzidwa koposa m’mbiri yonse ya anthu. Zaka zoposa 500 zapitazo, kope loyamba losindikizidwa pamakina a zilembo zosuntha a Johannes Gutenberg linafalitsidwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, mabaibulo mamiliyoni pafupifupi zikwi zinayi, athunthu kapena zigawo zake, asindikizidwa. Podzafika 1996, Baibulo lathunthu kapena zigawo zake zina zinali zitatembenuzidwa m’zinenero ndi malirime 2,167.a Oposa 90 peresenti ya anthu onse ali ndi Baibulo mwina ngakhale chigawo chake chokha m’chinenero chawo. Palibe buku lina​—lachipembedzo kapena losakhala lachipembedzo​—limene likufanana nalo mpang’ono pomwe!

 5. Kodi nchifukwa ninji tingayembekezere Baibulo kupezeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi?

⁵ Ziŵerengero pazokha sizimapereka umboni wakuti Baibulo ndilo Mawu a Mulungu. Komabe, tiyeneradi kuyembekezera zolembedwa zouziridwa ndi Mulungu kupezeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndiponso Baibulo lenilenilo limatiuza kuti “Mulungu alibe tsankhu; koma m’mitundu yonse, wakumuopa iye ndi wakuchita chilungamo alandiridwa naye.” (Machitidwe 10:34, 35) Mosiyana ndi buku lina lililonse, Baibulo ladutsa malire a maiko ndipo lalaka zopinga zaufuko ndi utundu. Ndithudi, Baibulo ndi buku la anthu onse!

Mbiri Yochititsa Chidwi ya Kusungidwa Kwake

6, 7. Kodi nchifukwa ninji nzosadabwitsa kuti palibe zolemba zoyambirira za Baibulo zimene zikudziŵika kuti zilipo, ndipo zimenezi zikudzutsa funso lotani?

⁶ Pali chifukwa chinanso chimene Baibulo lilili loyenerera kulifufuza. Ilo lalaka zopinga zachilengedwe ndi za anthu zomwe. Mbiri ya mmene linasungidwira mosasamala kanthu za zopinga zazikulu njochititsadi chidwi pakati pa zolembedwa zakale.

⁷ Olemba Baibulo mwachionekere analemba mawu awo ndi inki pagumbwa (lopangidwa mwa kugwiritsira ntchito chomera cha ku Igupto cha dzina lofananalo) ndi pazikopa (za nyama).b (Yobu 8:11) Komabe, zolembapo zimenezi zili ndi adani achilengedwe. Katswiri wamaphunziro Oscar Paret akufotokoza kuti: “Zolembapo zonse ziŵiri zimenezi zimatha kuwonongeka mofananamo ndi chinyontho, nkhungu, ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Timadziŵa bwino lomwe mmene pepala, ndiponso ngakhale chikopa cholimba, zimawonongekera zikakhala pamtetete kapena m’chipinda chokhala ndi chinyontho.” Choncho nzosadabwitsa kuti palibe zolemba zoyambirira zilizonse zimene zikudziŵika kuti zilipo; ziyenera kuti zinawola kalekale. Koma ngati zolemba zoyambirira zimenezo zinawonongedwa ndi adani achilengedwe, kodi Baibulo linapulumuka motani?

 8. Pazaka mazana onsewa, kodi zolemba za Baibulo zinasungidwa motani?

⁸ Mwamsanga zolemba zoyambirira zitangolembedwa, makope ena olemba pamanja anayamba kupangidwa. Kwenikweni, kujambula Chilamulo ndi zigawo zina za Malemba Oyera kunadzakhala ntchito m’Israyeli wakale. Mwachitsanzo, wansembe Ezara akutchedwa kuti “mlembi waluntha m’chilamulo cha Mose.” (Ezara 7:6, 11; yerekezerani ndi Salmo 45:1.) Koma makope amene anapangidwa nawonso anali kuwonongeka; m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anayenera kupanga makope enanso olemba pamanja. Ntchito yojambula makope imeneyi inachitika kwa zaka mazana ambirimbiri. Popeza kuti anthu ali opanda ungwiro, kodi zolakwitsa za ojambula sizinasinthe kwambiri malemba a m’Baibulo? Umboni wosakanika ukuti ayi!

 9. Kodi chitsanzo cha Amasorete chikusonyeza motani kusamala kwakukulu ndi kujambula zinthu molongosoka kwa ojambula Baibulo?

⁹ Ojambulawo sanali aluntha chabe ayi, komanso anali kulemekezadi mawu amene anali kujambula. Liwu lachihebri lotanthauza “wojambula” lili ndi tanthauzo la kuŵerengera ndi kulemba. Kuti tisonyeze chitsanzo cha kusamala ndi kujambula zinthu molongosoka kwa ojambula, talingalirani za Amasorete, ojambula Malemba Achihebri a m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi m’zaka za zana lakhumi C.E. Malinga ndi kunena kwa katswiri wamaphunziro, Thomas Hartwell Horne, iwo anaŵerenga kuti “chilembo chilichonse cha mu alifabeti [yachihebri] chimaonekera kangati m’Malemba onse Achihebri.” Talingalirani ntchito yake! Kuti asaphonye chilembo nchimodzi chomwe, ojambula odzipereka ameneŵa anaŵerengera osati mawu okha amene anajambula komanso zilembo. Eetu, malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha katswiri wina, akuti iwo anaŵerengera zilembo 815,140 chilichonse pachoka m’Malemba Achihebri! Khama lalikulu limeneli linachititsa kuti zinthu zijambulidwe molongosoka kwambiri.

10. Kodi pali umboni waukulu wotani wakuti malemba achihebri ndi achigiriki amene ali maziko a matembenuzidwe amakono ali ndi mawu olondola a olemba oyambirira?

¹⁰ Kwenikweni, pali umboni waukulu wakuti malemba achihebri ndi achigiriki amene ali maziko a matembenuzidwe amakono ndiwo mawu olondoladi a olemba oyambirira. Umboniwo ukupezeka m’makope zikwizikwi a zolembedwa pamanja za Baibulo​—Malemba onse Achihebri kapena zigawo zake zokwanira ngati 6,000 ndiponso zolembedwa ngati 5,000 za Malemba Achikristu a m’Chigiriki​—zimene zidakalipo mpaka lero. Kupenda zolembedwa zambiri zimene zilipozi mosamala mwa kuziyerekezera ndi zina kwachititsa kuti akatswiri odziŵa za mawu athe kupeza zolakwa zilizonse za ojambula ndi kupeza mawu ake oyambirira. Chifukwa cha zimenezo, pothirira ndemanga mawu a Malemba Achihebri, katswiri wamaphunziro wotchedwa William H. Green anati: “Tinganenedi kuti palibe zolemba zina zilizonse zakale zimene zafika m’nthaŵi ino zili zolondola monga zimenezi.” Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu tingawadalirenso mofananamo.

11. Malinga ndi kunena kwa 1 Petro 1:24, 25, kodi nchifukwa ninji Baibulo lakhalapo mpaka m’tsiku lathu?

¹¹ Chikhala kunalibe makope olembedwa pamanja amene analoŵa m’malo makope oyambirira, limodzi ndi uthenga wawo wamtengo wapataliwo, Baibulo likanazimiririka! Pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha chimene lakhalirako mpaka lero​—Yehova ndiye Msungi ndi Mtetezi wa Mawu ake. Monga momwe Baibulo lenilenilo limanenera, pa 1 Petro 1:24, 25 kuti: “Anthu onse akunga udzu, ndi ulemerero wawo wonse ngati duŵa la udzu. Udzuwo ungofota, ndi duŵa lake lingogwa; koma Mawu a Mulungu akhala chikhalire.”

Kulitembenuzira m’Zinenero Zolankhulidwa ndi Anthu

12. Kuwonjezera pa zaka mazana ambiri za kulijambula mobwerezabwereza, kodi ndi chopinga china chiti chimene Baibulo linakumana nacho?

¹² Kuti Baibulo likhalepobe mwa kulijambula mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka mazana ambiri kunali kovuta kwambiri, koma ilo linakumananso ndi chopinga china​—kulitembenuzira m’zinenero zolankhulidwa ndi anthu. Kuti Baibulo lifike mitima ya anthu liyenera kulankhula m’chinenero chawo. Komabe, kutembenuza Baibulo​—lokhala ndi machaputala oposa 1,100 ndi mavesi 31,000​—si ntchito yapafupi. Koma pazaka mazana ambiri otembenuza odzipereka anaichita ntchito yovutayo modzifunira, akumakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.

13, 14. (a) Kodi wotembenuza Baibulo Robert Moffat anakumana ndi vuto lotani m’Afirika kuchiyambi cha zaka za zana la 19? (b) Kodi anthu olankhula Chitswana anatani Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka utakhalapo m’chinenero chawo?

¹³ Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani mmene anatembenuzira Baibulo m’zinenero za mu Afirika. M’chaka cha 1800, kunali chabe zinenero ngati 12 zokha zolembedwa Afirika yense. Zinenero zina mazana ambiri zolankhulidwa sizinali kulembedwa. Ndilo vuto limene wotembenuza Baibulo Robert Moffat anakumana nalo. Mu 1821, ali ndi zaka 25, Moffat anayambitsa mishoni pakati pa anthu a kummwera kwa Afirika olankhula Chitswana. Kuti aphunzire chinenero chawo chosalembedwacho, iye ankakhala ndi anthuwo. Moffat analimbikira ndipo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mabuku ophunzitsa chinenerocho kapena madikishonale, anachidziŵa bwino chinenerocho, napanga malembedwe ake, ndi kuphunzitsa Atswana ena kuŵerenga zolembedwazo. Mu 1829, atagwira ntchito pakati pa Atswana kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, iye anamaliza kutembenuza Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka. Pambuyo pake anati: “Ndaona anthu amene ayenda makilomita mazana ambiri kuti adzapeze makope a Luka Woyera. . . . Ndawaona akulandira makope a Luka Woyera, nawalirira, ndi kuwagwira mwamphamvu pazifuŵa zawo, ndi kugwetsa misozi yachiyamikiro, mpaka ambiri a iwo ndawauza kuti, ‘Mudzawononga mabuku anu ndi misozi yanu.’” Moffat anasimbanso za mwamuna wina wachiafirika amene anaona anthu ambiri akuŵerenga Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka ndipo anawafunsa zimene anali nazo kumanja. “Ndi mawu a Mulungu,” iwo anayankha. “Kodi akulankhula?” mwamunayo anafunsa motero. “Inde, akulankhula mofika pa mtima,” iwo anayankha motero.

¹⁴ Otembenuza odzipereka monga Moffat anatsegulira Aafirika ambiri mwaŵi woyamba wa kulankhulana mwa kulemba. Koma otembenuzawo anapatsanso anthu a mu Afirika mphatso ina yamtengo wapatali kwambiri​—Baibulo m’lirime lawolawo. Ndiponso, Moffat anaphunzitsa Atswana dzina la Mulungu, ndipo anagwiritsira ntchito dzina limenelo m’Baibulo lake lonse.c Choncho, Atswana anayamba kunena kuti Baibulo ndi “kamwa la Yehova.”​—Salmo 83:18.

15. Kodi nchifukwa ninji Baibulo lidakalipobe lerolino?

¹⁵ Otembenuza ena m’mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi analinso ndi zopinga zofananazo. Ena anaika ngakhale moyo wawo pangozi kuti atembenuze Baibulo. Talingalirani izi: Chikhala kuti Baibulo linangokhala m’Chihebri chakale ndi m’Chigiriki chakale, ilo “likanafa” kalekale, popeza kuti anthu ochuluka anaziiŵaliratu zinenero zimenezo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi ndiponso zinali zosadziŵika m’mbali zambiri za dziko lapansi. Komabe, Baibulo lidakalipo chifukwa chakuti, mosiyana ndi buku lina lililonse, ilo “limalankhula” kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi m’chinenero chawochawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezo, uthenga wake ‘ukugwirabe ntchito mwa oukhulupirira [ake].’ (1 Atesalonika 2:13, NW) Matembenuzidwe a Baibulo lotchedwa The Jerusalem Bible a mawuwa amati: ‘Udakali mphamvu yamoyo pakati pa inu amene muukhulupirira.’

Loyenera Kulikhulupirira

16, 17. (a) Kuti Baibulo tizilikhulupirira, kodi payenera kukhala umboni wotani? (b) Perekani chitsanzo chimodzi chosonyeza kusabisa zinthu kwa wolemba Baibulo Mose.

¹⁶ Ena angafunse kuti, ‘Kodi Baibulo ungalikhulupiriredi? Kodi limanena za anthu amene analikodi, malo amene analikodi, ndi zinthu zimene zinachitikadi?’ Kuti tilikhulupirire, payenera kukhala umboni wakuti linalembedwa ndi olemba osamala ndiponso oona mtima. Zimenezi zikutifikitsa pachifukwa china chofufuzira Baibulo: Pali umboni wokwana wakuti nlolondola ndiponso nlokhulupirika.

¹⁷ Olemba oona mtima sangalembe chabe ponena za zipambano komanso zolephera, osati chabe ponena za maubwino komanso zofooka. Olemba Baibulo anasonyeza kuona mtima kotsitsimula kumeneku. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za mmene Mose anasimbira zinthu mosabisa. Zinthu zina zimene analongosola mosabisa ndizo kusatha kwake kulankhula bwino, chinthu chimene kwa iye chinamchititsa kukhala wosayenerera kutsogolera Israyeli (Eksodo 4:10); kulakwa kwakukulu kumene anachita kumene kunamchititsa kuti asaloŵe m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa (Numeri 20:9-12; 27:12-14); kupanduka kwa mkulu wake, Aroni, amene anagwirizana ndi Aisrayeli opanduka kuti apange fano la mwana wang’ombe wagolidi (Eksodo 32:1-6); kupanduka kwa mlongo wake, Miriamu, ndi chilango chake chosautsa (Numeri 12:1-3, 10); kusalemekeza zinthu zopatulika kwa Nadabu ndi Abihu, ana a mchimwene wake (Levitiko 10:1, 2); ndi kudandaula ndi kung’ung’udza kobwerezabwereza kwa anthu a Mulungu mwiniyo. (Eksodo 14:11, 12; Numeri 14:1-10) Kodi kusimba zinthu mosabisa ndiponso moona mtima kumeneku sikukusonyeza kuti anali kusamala kwambiri za choonadi? Popeza kuti olemba Baibulo anali ofunitsitsa kusimba nkhani zosakondweretsa zokhudzana ndi okondedwa awo, anthu awo, ndiponso ngakhale za iwo eni, kodi chimenecho si chifukwa chabwino chokhulupirira zolemba zawo?

18. Kodi nchiyani chimatsimikizira kuti zolemba za olemba Baibulo nzodalirika?

¹⁸ Kugwirizana kwa olemba Baibulo kukutsimikizanso kuti zolemba zawo nzodalirika. Nzochititsadi chidwi kuti amuna 40 olemba panthaŵi yoposa zaka 1,600 analemba zofanana, ngakhale pazinthu zina zazing’ono. Komabe, kugwirizana kumeneku sikolinganizidwa mosamala moti munthu nkuona monga kuti amunawa anangomvana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, nzoonekeratu kuti kugwirizana kwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana sikunali kwadala; nthaŵi zambiri kugwirizana kumeneku kumaonekeratu kuti kunachitika mwamwayi.

19. Kodi nkhani za Mauthenga Abwino zosimba za kugwidwa kwa Yesu zikusonyeza motani kugwirizana kumene kukuonekeratu kuti si kwadala?

¹⁹ Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za chimene chinachitika usiku umene Yesu anagwidwa. Mauthenga Abwino onse anayi amasimba kuti mmodzi mwa ophunzira ake anasolola lupanga ndi kukantha kapolo wa mkulu wa ansembe, kudula khutu la mwamunayo. Komabe, ndi Luka yekha amene amatiuza kuti Yesu “anakhudza khutu lake, namchiritsa.” (Luka 22:51) Koma kodi si zimene tingayembekezere kwa wolemba yemwe anali kudziŵika kuti “sing’anga wokondedwa”? (Akolose 4:14) Nkhani ya Yohane imatiuza kuti mwa ophunzira onse amene analipo, amene anasolola lupanga lake ndi Petro​—chinthu chosadabwitsa podziŵa kuti Petro anali wasontho ndi waphuma. (Yohane 18:10; yerekezerani Mateyu 16:22, 23 ndi Yohane 21:7, 8.) Yohane akutchulanso zina zooneka ngati zosafunika kwenikweni kuti: “Koma dzina lake la kapoloyo ndiye Malko.” Kodi nchifukwa chiyani Yohane yekha ndiye akutchula dzina la mwamunayo? Yankho likupezeka pa mfundo ina yongowonjezera yopezeka m’nkhani ya Yohane yokha​—Yohane “anali wodziŵika kwa mkulu wa ansembe.” Anali wodziŵikanso ku banja la mkulu wa ansembe; akapolo ake anali kumdziŵa, ndipo iyenso anali kuwadziŵa.d (Yohane 18:10, 15, 16) Choncho, nzomveka kuti Yohane akutchula dzina la mwamuna wovulazidwayo, pamene kuli kwakuti ena olemba Mauthenga Abwino, amene mwachionekere sanamdziŵe mwamunayo, sakumtchula dzina. Kugwirizana kwa mfundo zonsezi nkochititsa chidwi, koma nkoonekeratu kuti si kwadala. Muli zitsanzo zofananazo zambirimbiri m’Baibulo lonse.

20. Kodi anthu oona mtima ayenera kudziŵanji ponena za Baibulo?

²⁰ Choncho kodi tingalikhulupirire Baibulo? Kwabasi! Kusabisa kanthu kwa olemba Baibulo, ndi kugwirizana kwa nkhani za m’Baibulo kumasonyeza kuti nloonadi. Anthu oona mtima afunikira kudziŵa kuti ayenera kulikhulupirira Baibulo, popeza lili Mawu ouziridwa a “Yehova, Mulungu wa choonadi.” (Salmo 31:5) Pali zifukwa zowonjezereka zimene Baibulo lilili buku la anthu onse, monga momwe nkhani yotsatira idzafotokozera.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mungayankhe Motani?

◻ Kodi nchifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuyembekezera Baibulo kukhala buku lopezeka kwa anthu ochuluka koposa padziko lonse lapansi?

◻ Kodi pali umboni wotani wakuti Baibulo lasungidwa bwino ndipo nlolondola?

◻ Kodi otembenuza Baibulo anakumana ndi zopinga zotani?

◻ Kodi nchiyani chimatsimikizira kuti zolembedwa za Baibulo nzodalirika?