Mafuta a Golide a ku Mediterranean

YOLEMBEDWA KU SPAIN

“Ndine wobiriwira koma ndimasintha n’kukhala wakuda ndiyeno amandiswa, zikatero ndimakhala golide. Ndine ndani?”—Imatero ndagi ina ya ku Spain.

ZIPATSO za maolivi zimakhala zobiriwira, zikapsa zimakhala zakuda komanso zonyezimira. M’kati mwake mumakhala madzi onyezimira ngati golide. Maolivi akapsa amawaswa ndipo amatulutsa mafuta a golide, amene anthu ambiri a ku Mediterranean akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kuyambira kalekale. Mafutawa amachokera m’mitengo yambiri ya maolivi ya m’mphepete mwa mapiri kuyambira ku Portugal mpaka ku Syria.

Mafutawa amakoma kwambiri ndiponso ndi opatsa thanzi. Nthawi zonse anthu a ku Mediterranean akamanena za mafuta amatanthauza “mafuta a maolivi.” Ndipotu mawu a Chisipanishi otanthauza “mafuta,” amachokera ku mawu a Chiarabu otanthauza “madzi a maolivi.” Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mafuta a maolivi amachokera m’zipatso za maolivi. Popeza mafutawa sawasakaniza ndi zinthu zina, amakoma ndiponso amanunkhira bwino ngati maolivi enieni.

Mafuta Akale Koma Apamwamba Kuposa Mafuta Onse

Wolemba mbiri Erla Zwingle anafotokoza kuti mafuta a maolivi akhala “akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yaitali ngati chakudya, mafuta a nyale, mankhwala, ndiponso pa zachipembedzo.” Iye anapitirizanso kuti mpaka pano, “mafuta a golidewa ndi apamwamba kuposa mafuta onse.” Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu sanasinthe njira yosavuta imene amatsata pofuna kupeza mafuta a maolivi. Choyamba, amathyola maolivi pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo n’kuwaunjika pamodzi. Ndiyeno, amasinja maoliviwo. Kenako, amachotsamo zinthu zina zosafunika n’kuika mafutawo m’diramu kuti adikhe, pofuna kuwalekanitsa ndi madzi. Akatero mafutawo akhoza kuwagwiritsa ntchito.a

Mafuta a maolivi alipo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Padziko lonse, pali mitengo ya maolivi yoposa 1 biliyoni.b Ndipo alimi a zipatso amati pali mitundu ya maolivi yoposa 680. Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana mitundu, mafutawa amasiyanasiyananso chifukwa cha zinthu monga mtundu wa dothi, nyengo, nthawi yokolola (kuyambira mu November mpaka mu February), ndiponso njira zoyengera mafutawa. Mafutawa amasiyana kununkhira kwake, mtundu wake ndiponso kukoma kwake. Akadaulo pankhani ya kakomedwe ka zakudya amati mafuta a maolivi ena amatsekemera pamene ena amakoma mosiyanasiyana. Anthu amenewa amaonetsetsa kuti mafutawa azikomadi.

Nyengo ya ku Mediterranean imalola mitengo ya maolivi. Pafupifupi mafuta onse a maolivi amachokera m’chigawo chimenechi. Alendo obwera m’chigawochi amaona mitengo yambirimbiri ya maolivi mphepete mwa mapiri ku Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, ndi ku Turkey. Mpake kuti mafuta a maolivi amatchedwa “mafuta a golide a ku Mediterranean.”

Mafuta Opatsa Thanzi

Kuyambira kalekale anthu a ku Mediterranean akhala akuphikira mafuta a maolivi. Mafutawa amatha kukazingira chakudya ndiponso kupaka zakudya. Ponena za kufunika kwa mafuta a maolivi pa kaphikidwe ka zakudya za ku Spain, José García Marín, yemwe ndi munthu wodziwa kuphika zakudya anati: “Mafutawa ndi abwino kwambiri n’chifukwa chake anthu akhala akuwagwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 4,000. Ndipotu mafuta apamwambawa akukonzedwa bwino kwambiri masiku ano, chifukwa cha njira zatsopano zoyengera mafuta.”

Ofufuza anayamba kalekale kunena kuti anthu amene amadya zakudya zothira mafuta amenewa, monga amachitira anthu a ku Mediterranean, amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.c Posachedwapa, akatswiri a zinthu zakudya anakonza msonkhano wa mayiko osiyanasiyana woona za ubwino wa mafuta a maolivi. Iwo anati zakudya za ku Mediterranean, kuphatikizapo mafuta a maolivi zimathandiza kuti munthu akhale wathanzi ndi wa moyo wautali. Zakudya za mafuta a maolivi zingathandize munthu kuti asadwale matenda a mtima ndiponso a khansa. Akatswiriwo anati: “M’mayiko amene anthu amadya zakudya za ku Mediterranean . . . zothira mafuta a maolivi omwe sanasakanizidwe ndi chilichonse, matenda a khansa si ofala kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi mayiko a kumpoto kwa Ulaya.”

Payenera kuti pali zifukwa zina zimene zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamadwaledwale. China n’chakuti m’mafuta a maolivi muli asidi yemwe amathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino m’thupi. Komanso, mafuta amene sasakanizamo zinthu zina, amakhala ndi mavitamini, sachedwa kugayika m’thupi, ndiponso amakhala ndi zinthu zina zimene zimapezeka m’zipatso zakupsa.

Mafutawa ali ndi vitamini E komanso zinthu zina zoteteza khungu. Choncho, amawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafuta odzola ndiponso sopo. Kale, Agiriki ndi Aroma ankasambira ndiponso ankadzola mafuta a maolivi. Kenako, m’zaka za m’ma 500 C.E., anthu aluso a ku France anayamba kupanga sopo wa maolivi, posakaniza mafuta a maolivi ndi phulusa la zomera za m’nyanja.

Mafuta a Maolivi M’nthawi za Baibulo

M’nthawi za Baibulo, mafuta a maolivi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chakudya, mafuta odzola, mafuta a nyale, mankhwala ndiponso ntchito zina. M’Baibulo mafuta a maolivi amatchulidwa ka 250, ndipo amangowatchula kuti mafuta kapena ngati zosakaniza m’mafuta onunkhira.

Malemba amanena momveka bwino kuti mafuta a maolivi anali ofunika kwambiri kwa Aisiraeli. Ankaphikira chakudya, ndipo munthu akakhala nawo ambiri ankaoneka kuti ndi wolemera. (Yoweli 2:24) Amuna ndi akazi omwe ankadzola mafutawa. Asanakumane ndi Boazi, Rute ‘anadzola’ mafuta amenewa. (Rute 3:3) Ndipo Mfumu Davide atasala kudya masiku 7, “ananyamuka pansi, nasamba, nadzola [mafuta], nasintha zovala; nafika ku nyumba ya Yehova.”—2 Samueli 12:20.

Mafuta a maolivi ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mafuta a nyale. (Mateyo 25:1-12) “Mafuta a azitona [maolivi] oyera opera” ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pounikira mu chihema m’chipululu. (Levitiko 24:2) Pofika nthawi ya Mfumu Solomo, mafuta a maolivi ankagulitsidwa m’mayiko ena osiyanasiyana. (1 Mafumu 5:10, 11) Aneneri ankagwiritsa ntchito mafutawa podzoza mafumu. (1 Samueli 10:1) Anthu odziwa kuchereza alendo ankasonyeza kuti awalandira bwino alendo awo powadzoza mafuta a maolivi m’mutu. (Luka 7:44-46) Msamariya wachifundo wa m’fanizo la Yesu anathira mafuta a maolivi ndi vinyo m’mabala a munthu amene anavulazidwa.—Luka 10:33, 34.

Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri mafuta a maolivi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, Malemba amawayerekezera ndi malangizo abwino ndi otonthoza. Wophunzira wachikhristu Yakobe analemba kuti: “Kodi pali wina amene akudwala pakati panu? Aitane akulu a mpingo, ndipo iwo am’pempherere, am’pake mafuta m’dzina la Yehova. Ndipo pemphero la chikhulupiriro lidzachiritsa wodwalayo, ndipo Yehova adzamuutsa.”—Yakobe 5:14, 15.

Mtengo wa maolivi umabereka zipatso kwanthawi yaitali. Mtengo umodzi ungatulutse malita atatu kapena anayi a mafuta chaka chilichonse kwa zaka zambiri. Ndithudi mafuta a golidewa ndi opatsa thanzi, amateteza khungu ndiponso amakometsa chakudya.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Adziweni Bwino Mafuta a Maolivi

◼ Mafuta a maolivi akhoza kukhala osawonongeka kwa miyezi 18.

◼ Mafutawa amawonongeka akakhala malo owala, choncho ndi bwino kuwasunga malo ozizira komanso amdima.

◼ Mafuta a maolivi sakhala bwino kuwaphikira maulendo awiri kapena angapo.

◼ Akatswiri a zakudya amati munthu angakhale ndi thanzi labwino ngati atamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a maolivi kwa moyo wake wonse.

◼ Mafuta a maolivi amathandiza kwambiri ngati athiridwa m’zakudya monga nsomba, masamba, nyemba ndi zipatso.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Kayengedwe kakale ka Mafuta a Maolivi

Antchito akuthyola maolivi

Mphero zoswera maolivi

Cholekanitsira mafuta ndi zinthu zina zosafunika

Mafuta a maolivi akutuluka

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Millstones and blender: Museo del Olivar y el Aceite de Baena

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Pamwamba: Mitengo ya maolivi imene yakhalapo zaka zambirimbiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Kumanja: Nyale yakale ya mafuta a maolivi

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Lamp: Museo del Olivar y el Aceite de Baena

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Kumanja komweko: Fanizo la anamwali khumi amene anatenga nyale