Phunziro 3
Baibulo—Buku Lathu—Lalikulu Lophunzira
1, 2. Kodi kulemba Baibulo kunayamba liti ndipo kunatha liti, ndipo lafalitsidwa pamlingo waukulu chotani?
1 Baibulo ndilo buku lathu lalikulu lophunzira pa Sukulu ya Utumiki Wateokalase, ndipo monga atumiki a uthenga wabwino tiyenera kulidziŵa bwino lomwe. Tifunikira kudziŵa za mmene linalembedwera, nkhani zake ndi mmene tingaligwiritsire ntchito.
2 Kulemba Baibulo kunayamba kalekale m’chaka cha 1513 B.C.E., pamene Mose anauzidwa kuti ayambe kulemba. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana loyamba C.E., m’pamene mtumwi Yohane anatsiriza kulilemba, kumeneko kunali kumalizidwa kwa Baibulo—patapita zaka pafupifupi mazana 16. Lerolino, Baibulo lilipo lathunthu kapena mbali yake, m’zinenero pafupifupi 2000. Ngakhale kuti alipo mabuku oŵerengeka ofalitsidwa mamiliyoni ambiri, Baibulo lafalitsidwa mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri. Palibe buku lina lililonse limene lingafanane ndi chiŵerengero chimenecho. Ndithudi, kulembedwa chabe kwa buku lachipembedzo, kusungidwa kwake zaka mazana ambiri ndi kulemekezedwa kwake ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, mwa izo zokha sizimatsimikizira kuti linachokeradi kwa Mulungu. Liyenera kukhala ndi umboni weniweni wakuti Mulungu ndiye Mlembi wake, komanso wosonyeza kuti linauziridwa ndi Mulungu. Kupenda Baibulo kosamalitsa kumakhutiritsa anthu oona mtima kuti lilidi ndi umboni wotero.
3, 4. Kodi poyamba Baibulo linalembedwa m’njira yotani, ndipo linagaŵidwa liti m’machaputala ndi mavesi?
3 Baibulo, monga momwe tikulidziŵira kuti lili ndi mabuku 66, poyambirira linalembedwa m’Chihebri, Chiaramu ndi Chigiriki. Chiŵerengero chenicheni cha mabuku ake sichili n’kanthu kwenikweni (kaya ena anaphatikizidwa pamodzi kapena analekanitsidwa), ngakhalenso dongosolo mmene mabukuwo akutsatizirana silili n’kanthu kwenikweni. Mabukuwo anakhalabe mipukutu yolekanalekana kwa nthaŵi yaitali pambuyo pa kumalizidwa kwa mabuku ovomerezedwa a Baibulo kapena pambuyo pa kumalizidwa kwa mpambo wa mabuku ouziridwa, ndipo mipambo yamakedzana imasiyanasiyana m’dongosolo la kandandalikidwe ka mabuku. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri ndicho mabuku amene aphatikizidwamo. Kunena zoona, mabuku omwe tsopano ali pampambo wa mabuku ovomerezedwa ndi okhawo amene kwenikweni ali ouziridwadi. Kuyambira kalekale pakhala kuyesayesa kuti aphatikizepo mabuku ena koma zalephereka.
4 Poyambirira Baibulo linalembedwa m’mizera ya zilembo yopitiriza yosadukizadukiza. Zinali choncho kufikira zaka za zana la 9 C.E. pamene kunafika kalembedwe kogaŵa masentensi mwa kuikamo zizindikiro polemba. Mbali zazikulu za njira ya kalembedwe kamakono ya zizindikiro polemba zinayamba m’zaka za zana la 15 C.E. pamene kulemba ndi makina kunayamba. Olemba Baibulo oyambirira sanagaŵe Baibulo m’machaputala ndi mavesi (King James Version ili ndi machaputala 1,189, mavesi 31,102). Zimenezi zinafika pambuyo pa zaka mazana ambiri. Amasoreti, akatswiri achiyuda, anagaŵa Malemba Achihebri m’mavesi. Ndiyeno m’zaka za zana la 13 C.E. anawagaŵanso m’machaputala.
5, 6. Kodi Baibulo n’louziridwa m’lingaliro lotani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kalembedwe?
5 Kusonkhanitsa mabuku kouziridwa. Anthu osiyanasiyana pafupifupi 40 anatumikira monga alembi a Mlembi wamkulu kulemba Mawu ouziridwa a Yehova. “Lemba lililonse adaliuzira Mulungu,” ndipo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu limodzi ndi “malembo ena” onse. (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:15, 16, NW) “Kuuzira” kumene kukutanthauzidwa pano, sindiko kusonkhezera wamba maganizo ndi mtima kotheketsa kukwaniritsa zopambana (monga momwe zimakhalira kaŵirikaŵiri kwa akatswiri pazakulemba kapena andakatulo), koma kulemba zinthu zopanda cholakwa chilichonse ndi za ukumu wodalirika monga kuti zalembedwa ndi Mulungu mwiniyo. Mulungu anachititsa mzimu wake kugwira ntchito pa amuna okhulupirika omwe anawagwiritsa ntchito kulemba mawu mwa chitsogozo chake. Pa chifukwa chimenechi mtumwi Petro analengeza kuti: “Ulosi sunakhalako nthaŵi iliyonse mwa chifuniro cha munthu, koma anthu anauziridwa ndi Mulungu mmene anagwidwa ndi mzimu woyera.” (2 Pet. 1:21, NW) Komabe, panthaŵi ina chidziŵitso chinaperekedwa mwa kulemba yekha Mulungu mwini. Ameneŵa anali Malamulo Khumi, Mulungu akumapatsa Mose “magome aŵiri a mboni, magome amiyala, olembedwa ndi chala cha Mulungu.”—Eks. 31:18.
6 Nthaŵi zina chidziŵitso chinaperekedwa mwa mawu, mwa chitsogozo chapakamwa. (Eks. 34:27) Anenerinso kaŵirikaŵiri ankapatsidwa mauthenga achindunji oti alengeze. (1 Maf. 22:14; Yer. 1:7) Komabe, umboni umasonyeza kuti anthu omwe anagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Mulungu kulemba Malemba sanangolemba mawu olankhulidwa kwa iwo nthaŵi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, Yohane analandira Vumbulutso kupyolera mwa mngelo wa Mulungu mwa ‘zizindikiro’ ndipo Yohane anauzidwa kuti: “Chimene upenya, lemba m’buku.” (Chiv. 1:1, 2, 10, 11) Chotero, Mulungu anaona kuti kunali bwino kulola olemba Baibulo kusankha mawu ofotokozera masomphenya omwe anaona, pamenenso nthaŵi zonse anapereka kwa iwo chitsogozo chokwanira kuti zolembedwazo zikhale zolondola ndi zogwirizana ndi chifuniro chake. (Mlal. 12:10) Mosakayikira, zimenezi zimasonyeza chifukwa chake pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kalembedwe m’mabuku a Baibulo.
7. Kodi ndani ena amene anali pakati pa olemba Malemba Achihebri, ndipo ndi ziyeneretso zotani za aneneri oona zimene onsewo anazikwaniritsa?
7 Poona umboni wa zolembedwamo, m’posakayikitsa konse kuti zolemba za Mose zinalidi zouziridwa ndi Mulungu. Silinali lingaliro la Mose kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa Aisrayeli. Poyamba Mose anakana zimenezo. (Eks. 3:10, 11; 4:10-14) M’malo mwake, Mulungu analimbikitsa Mose ndi kum’patsa mphamvu zodabwitsa. Ngakhale ansembe amatsenga anakakamizika kuvomereza kuti zimene Mose anachita zinali zochokera kwa Mulungu. (Eks. 4:1-9; 8:16-19) Momvera lamulo la Mulungu ndi pokhala ndi chiyeneretso cha kwa Mulungu cha mzimu woyera, Mose anasonkhezereka, choyamba kulankhula ndipo kenako kulemba mbali ina ya Baibulo. (Eks. 17:14) Mose atamwalira, panakhalanso zolemba zoŵirikiza za Yoswa, Samueli, Gadi ndi Natani (Yoswa, Oweruza, Rute, 1 ndi 2 Samueli). Mfumu Davide ndi Mfumu Solomo nawonso anawonjezera pa mabuku ovomerezedwa a Malemba Opatulika. Ndiyeno panafika aneneri kuyambira Yona mpaka Malaki, aliyense anawonjezera pa mabuku ovomerezedwa a Baibulo. Ndipo aliyense anakwaniritsa ziyeneretso za aneneri oona zoperekedwa ndi Yehova zakuti: Analankhula m’dzina la Yehova, maulosi awo anakwaniritsidwa ndipo anabwezeretsa anthu kwa Mulungu.—Deut. 13:1-3; 18:20-22.
8. Kodi ndi umboni wodalirika koposa uti wakuti Malemba Achihebri alidi mabuku ovomerezedwa?
8 Monga momwe Yehova anapatsira anthu mzimu wake kuti alembe, n’kwachionekere kuti anatsogoleranso kusonkhanitsidwa kwa zolembedwa zouziridwa zimenezo. Malinga ndi kunena kwa mbiri yakale ya Ayuda, Ezara anatenga mbali m’ntchito imeneyi pambuyo pakuti Ayuda a muukapolo abwezeretsedwa m’dziko la Yuda. Iye anali katswiri pantchitoyo, komanso anali mmodzi mwa olemba Baibulo ouziridwa, wansembe, ndiponso “mlembi waluntha m’chilamulo cha Mose.” (Ezara 7:1-11) Mabuku ovomerezedwa a Malemba Achihebri anasonkhanitsidwa bwino pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu B.C.E. Anali ndi zolembedwa zimodzimodzi zomwe tili nazo lero ndi zimenenso zagaŵidwa tsopano m’mabuku okwanira 39. Si bungwe la anthu lililonse limene linawavomereza kukhala mabuku oona; kuyambira pachiyambi anali ovomerezedwa ndi Mulungu mwini. Umboni wodalirika kwambiri wakuti Malemba Achihebri alidi mabuku ovomerezedwa ndiwo mawu osatsutsika a Yesu Kristu ndi a olemba Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu. Ngakhale kuti iwo anagwiritsa ntchito Malemba Achihebri mwaufulu, sanayese konse kugwira mawu m’mabuku owonjezera.—Luka 24:44, 45.
9, 10. Kodi pali chitsimikizo chotani chakuti mabuku a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu alidi pakati pa mabuku ovomerezedwa a Baibulo?
9 Kulemba ndi kusonkhanitsa mabuku 27 a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu kunali kofanana ndi kuja kwa Malemba Achihebri. Kristu “anapereka mphatso mwa amuna” (NW), inde, “anapatsa ena akhale atumwi; ndi ena aneneri; ndi ena alaliki; ndi ena abusa, ndi ena aphunzitsi.” (Aef. 4:8, 11-13) Mothandizidwa ndi mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, iwo anapereka chiphunzitso choona ku mpingo wachikristu. Yesu analonjeza atumwi ake kuti mzimu wa Mulungu udzawathandiza kuphunzitsa, kutsogolera ndi kuwakumbutsa zinthu zimene anamva kwa iye, limodzinso ndi kuwavumbulira zam’tsogolo. (Yohane 14:26; 16:13) Zimenezo zinapereka chitsimikizo chakuti zolemba zawo za Uthenga Wabwino zinali zoona ndi zolondola.
10 Umboni weniweni wakuti buku lili pakati pa mabuku ovomerezedwa suli m’kuchuluka kwa nthaŵi zimene bukulo lagwidwa mawu kapena kuti ndi mlembi uti wosakhala mtumwi amene waligwira mawu. Mawu enieni a bukulo ayenera kupereka umboni wakuti linalembedwa mwa mzimu woyera. Chifukwa chake, ilo silingalimbikitse kukhulupirira zamalaulo, kukhulupirira ziŵanda kapena kulambira cholengedwa. Liyenera kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi Baibulo lonse. Buku lililonse liyenera kugwirizana ndi “chitsanzo cha mawu a moyo” aumulungu, ndi kugwirizananso ndi ziphunzitso za Yesu. (2 Tim. 1:13) Kunali kwachionekere kuti atumwiwo analankhula ndi ulamuliro waumulungu. Mwa mzimu woyera anali nako “kuzindikira mawu ouziridwa” kuti anali a Mulungu kapena ayi. (1 Akor. 12:4, 10) Mtumwi womaliza Yohane atamwalira, mpambo wodalirika waumulungu umenewu wa amuna ouziridwa unafika kumapeto ake. Choncho Chivumbulutso, Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane ndi makalata ake, ndilo linali buku lomaliza la mabuku ovomerezedwa a Baibulo. Mabuku 66 a Baibulo lathu, mwa kugwirizana kwawo, amapereka umboni wakuti Baibulo ndi limodzi, ndi kulionetsa kwa ife kuti ilo lilidi mawu a Yehova a choonadi chouziridwa.
11. Kodi m’Baibulo muli chidziŵitso chotani chimene anthu sakanachipeza mwa iwo okha?
11 Zam’kati Mwake. Baibulo lili ndi chidziŵitso chimene munthu sakanachipeza popanda ilo. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya m’Genesis imapereka chidziŵitso chonena za kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi; imatidziŵitsa za zinthu zimene zinachitika munthu asanakhalepo. (Gen. 1:1-31) Baibulo limatiuzanso za makambirano omwe anachitika kumwamba omwe makutu a munthu sakanatha kuwamva, pokhapokha ngati Mulungu akanachipereka chidziŵitso chimenecho.—Yobu 1:6-12; 1 Maf. 22:19-23.
12, 13. Kodi timaphunziranji m’Malemba ponena za Yehova ndi Yesu Kristu?
12 Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, Baibulo limatidziŵitsa za Yehova. Limasimba tsatanetsatane wa masomphenya ozizwitsa a Yehova amene anaonetsa atumiki ake. (Dan. 7:9) Baibulo limatiuzanso za dzina la Mulungu “Yehova,” dzina limene limapezeka nthaŵi zoposa 6,800 m’malemba achimasoreti a Malemba Achihebri. M’Baibulo timaphunziramo za mikhalidwe yapadera ya Yehova, monga chikondi, nzeru, chilungamo, chifundo, chipiriro, kuwoloŵa manja, chidziŵitso changwiro, ndi kusasintha kwake. (Eks. 34:6, 7) Ndiponso, Baibulo limatiuza zambiri ponena za Mwana wa Mulungu ndi kufunika kwa malo ake m’chifuno cha Mulungu. (Akol. 1:17, 18; 2:3; 2 Akor. 1:20) Kuposa wina aliyense, Mwana wa Mulungu, pamene anali padziko lapansi, anakhoza kukulitsa chidziŵitso chathu ponena za Yehova. Pakuti ananena kuti: “Iye amene wandiona ine waona Atate.”—Yoh. 14:9.
13 Baibulo limavumbula tsatanetsatane wa kuchitika kwa chifuno cha Mulungu. Madalitso onse onenedweratu kaamba ka anthu omvera anagona mwa Mpulumutsi wolonjezedwayo amene Yehova anaukitsa. M’munda wa Edene, Mulungu anatcha ameneyo “mbewu” ya mkazi wa Mulungu. (Gen. 3:15) M’kupita kwa nthaŵi Mulungu analonjeza kuti Mbewu imeneyi idzafika kupyolera mwa Abrahamu. (Gen. 22:18) Iye anasonyeza kuti Mpulumutsi wolonjezedwayo adzakhala mfumu yosatha ndi wansembe “monga mwa dongosolo la Melikizedeke.” (Sal. 110:4; Aheb. 7:1-28) Iye anapereka pangano la chilamulo kwa Israyeli limodzi ndi ansembe ndi nsembe, zonsezo zinali “mthunzi wa zokoma zilinkudza.” (Aheb. 10:1; Akol. 2:17) Davide anapatsidwa lonjezo lakuti ufumu udzakhalabe m’banja lake kosatha. (2 Sam. 7:11-16) Ndipo woloŵa nyumba wa lonjezo limenelo, limodzinso ndi uyo amene maulosi ena onse anam’loza kukhala Mlanditsi, akusonyezedwa kukhala Yesu Kristu. Inde, m’masamba ake onse Baibulo limasumika pa mutu wankhani wa malemba ouziridwa—ufumu wa Mulungu wokhala m’manja mwa Yesu Kristu monga njira imene Yehova wapereka yochitira chifuniro Chake.
14-17. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ulosi wa Baibulo ndi uphungu wake pamakhalidwe n’zopidulitsa kwambiri kwa ife?
14 Monga buku la maulosi, Baibulo lili lapadera kwambiri. Motero, limapereka tanthauzo la zochitika za m’mbiri ndi kusonyeza chifukwa chimene zinachitikira. (Luka 19:41-44) Limasonyeza chimene chidzachitikira maboma onse apadziko lapansi omwe alipo. (Dan. 2:44) Limalongosola zochitika za m’masiku athu, likumasonyeza kuti tikukhala m’nthaŵi yonenedweratu ya mapeto a dongosolo lakaleli ndi kuti posachedwapa Mulungu adzachotsa oipa onse.—2 Tim. 3:1-5; Sal. 37:9, 10.
15 Popanda Baibulo sitikanadziŵa cholinga chenicheni cha moyo. (Mlal. 12:13) Limamveketsa bwino lomwe kuti munthu sanakhalepo mwangozi, koma kuti analengedwa ndi Mulungu amene ali ndi chifuno chachikondi kwa mtundu wa munthu. Ndipo limafotokoza chifuniro cha Mulungu kwa ife tsopano ndi mmene tingapezere chikhutiro chenicheni pamoyo wathu.—Chiv. 4:11; 1 Tim. 2:3, 4; Sal. 16:11.
16 Mbiri ya anthu imasonyeza kuti munthu sangathe kuwongola mapazi ake popanda Mulungu. Baibulo lokha ndilo limapereka chitsogozo chofunikira. Limapereka chitsogozo pamakhalidwe, likumasonyeza zimene Mulungu amatsutsana nazo ndi zimene amavomereza. (Agal. 5:19-23) Limasonyezadi kuti lili chithandizo chenicheni pakati pa dziko limene limangololera makhalidwe alionse. Limatithandiza kuona zinthu mofanana ndi Mulungu ndi kukhala om’kondweretsa. Ndipo limatisonyeza njira ya ku moyo wosatha m’dziko latsopano la Mulungu.—Yoh. 17:3.
17 Kodi chifukwa chake sichoonekeratu, chimene Buku la mabuku limeneli liyenera kukhalira buku lathu lalikulu lophunzira? Chofunika koposa, Akristu amafunitsitsa kulifufuza Buku limeneli lolembedwa ndi Uyo amene mwana wa Mulungu anati ponena za iye: “Mawu anu ndi choonadi.” (Yoh. 17:17) Motero, Baibulo ndilo buku lophunzira lalikulu m’Sukulu ya Utumiki Wateokalase.