Kodi Chikhulupiriro Chanu cha Chiukiriro Ncholimba Motani?

“Ine ndine kuuka ndi moyo: wokhulupirira Ine, angakhale amwalira, adzakhala ndi moyo.”​—YOHANE 11:25.

1, 2. Kodi nchifukwa ninji wolambira Yehova ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro pachiyembekezo cha chiukiriro?

KODI chiyembekezo chanu cha chiukiriro ncholimba motani? Kodi chimakulimbitsani mtima kuti musaope kufa ndi kukutonthozani pamene okondedwa anu amwalira? (Mateyu 10:28; 1 Atesalonika 4:13) Kodi muli ngati atumiki ambiri a Mulungu akale, amene anapirira kukwapulidwa, kutonzedwa, kuzunzidwa, ndi kuponyedwa m’ndende, chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa ndi chikhulupiriro cha chiukiriro?​—Ahebri 11:35-38.

² Inde, wolambira Yehova moona mtima sayenera kukayikira mpang’ono pomwe zoti kudzakhala chiukiriro, ndipo chidaliro chakecho chiyenera kukhudza kakhalidwe ka moyo wake. Nzosangalatsa kwambiri kukumbukira choonadi chakuti panthaŵi imene Mulungu adzakonda, nyanja, imfa, ndi Hade zidzapereka akufa ali momwemo, ndipo oukitsidwa ameneŵa adzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kosatha m’dziko lapansi la paradaiso.​—Chivumbulutso 20:13; 21:4, 5.

Zikayiko Ponena za Moyo Wamtsogolo

3, 4. Kodi ambiri adakali ndi chikhulupiriro chotani ponena za moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa?

³ Kwa nthaŵi yaitali, Dziko Lachikristu lakhala likuphunzitsa kuti kuli moyo pambuyo pa imfa. Nkhani ina m’magazini otchedwa U.S. Catholic inati: “Kuyambira mibadwo yakalekale, Akristu ayesetsa kupirira zokhumudwitsa ndi mavuto a moyo uno mwa kuyembekezera moyo wina, moyo wamtendere ndiponso wokondweretsa, wokhutiritsa ndiponso wachimwemwe.” Ngakhale kuti m’maiko angapo a m’Dziko Lachikristu, anthu sakusamalanso zachipembedzo ndiponso tinene kuti akunyansidwa ndi chipembedzo, ambiri amalingalirabe kuti payenera kukhala chinachake pambuyo pa imfa. Koma pali zambiri zimene sali otsimikiza.

⁴ Nkhani ina ya m’magazini a Time inati: “Anthu amakhulupirirabe za [moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa]: zangokhala kuti chikhulupiriro chawo cha mmenedi moyowo ulili chikufooka, ndipo sakumvanso apasitala awo akuutchula kaŵirikaŵiri.” Kodi nchifukwa chiyani atumiki achipembedzo sakutchulanso kaŵirikaŵiri za moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa monga momwe ankachitira kale? Wamadigiri m’zachipembedzo Jeffrey Burton Russell anati: “Ndikuona kuti [atsogoleri achipembedzo] akufuna kuipeŵa nkhani yakeyi chifukwa akuona kuti adzayenera kulimbana ndi zikayiko za anthu ambiri.”

 5. Kodi ambiri lerolino amachiona motani chiphunzitso cha moto wa helo?

⁵ M’matchalitchi ambiri, moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa umaphatikizapo kumwamba ndi helo wamoto. Ndipo ngati atsogoleri achipembedzo akuchita mphwayi kulankhula za kumwamba, iwo amachitanso mphwayi kwambiri kulankhula za helo. Nkhani ina m’nyuzipepala ina inati: “Masiku ano ngakhale matchalitchi amene amakhulupirira kuti kuli chizunzo chosatha ku helo weniweni . . . sakuchigogomezeranso chiphunzitsocho.” Ndithudi, akatswiri ambiri amakono a zaumulungu sakukhulupiriranso kuti helo ndi malo enieni ozunzirako, monga momwe ankaphunzitsira m’Nyengo Zapakati. M’malo mwake, iwo akukonda mafotokozedwe “abwinopo” a helo. Malinga nkunena kwa okhulupirira chiphunzitso chamakonochi, sikuti anthu ochimwa amene ali ku helo akuzunzidwadi, koma amavutika chifukwa chakuti ali “olekanitsidwa mwauzimu ndi Mulungu.”

 6. Kodi ena amazindikira motani kuti chikhulupiriro chawo nchofooka atakumana ndi tsoka?

⁶ Kufeŵetsa ziphunzitso za tchalitchi kuti asakhumudwitse anthu amalingaliro amakono kungathandizire kuti zina anthu asadane nazo, koma kumapangitsa kuti anthu oona mtima mamiliyoni ambiri opita kutchalitchi asadziŵe bwino chimene ayenera kukhulupirira. Choncho, akayang’anizana ndi imfa, ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amapeza kuti chikhulupiriro chawo nchosalimba. Iwo amalingalira monga mkazi wina amene a m’banja lake angapo anamwalira pangozi yaikulu. Atafunsidwa ngati chikhulupiriro chake chachipembezo chinamtonthoza, iye anayankha mokayikira kuti, “Ndikuona ngati.” Koma ngakhale ngati anali atayankha motsimikizira kuti chikhulupiriro chake cha chipembedzo chinamthandiza, kodi zikanakhala zaphindu lanji mtsogolo ngati zikhulupiriro zakezo zilibe maziko enieni? Limeneli ndi funso lofunika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti, kunena zoona, zimene matchalitchi ambiri amaphunzitsa ponena za moyo wamtsogolo nzosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa.

Malingaliro a Dziko Lachikristu Ponena za Moyo Pambuyo pa Imfa

 7. (a) Kodi matchalitchi ambiri amakhulupirira chiyani? (b) Kodi katswiri wina wa maphunziro a zaumulungu anachifotokoza motani chikhulupiriro cha mzimu wosafa?

⁷ Mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwawo, pafupifupi zipembedzo zonse za m’Dziko Lachikristu zimavomerezana kuti anthu ali ndi mzimu wosafa umene sumafa thupi likafa. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti munthu akafa, mzimu wake ungapite kumwamba. Ena amaopa kuti mzimu wawo ungapite ku helo wamoto kapena ku purigatoriyo. Koma nkhani yokhudza mzimu wosafa ndiyo yaikulu pakaonedwe kawo ka moyo wamtsogolo. Katswiri wina wa zaumulungu Oscar Cullmann, m’nkhani yofalitsidwa m’buku lakuti Immortality and Resurrection (Kusafa ndi Chiukiriro), anakambapo pa zimenezi. Iye analemba kuti: “Titati tifunse Mkristu wamba lerolino . . . chimene amaona kuti ndicho chiphunzitso cha m’Chipangano Chatsopano ponena za zimene zimachitikira munthu akamwalira, ambiri adzayankha kuti: ‘Kusafa kwa mzimu.’” Komabe, Cullmann anawonjezera kuti: “Lingaliro lotchuka limeneli ndilo limodzi mwa zolakwa zazikulu koposa za Chikristu.” Cullmann anati atangonena zimenezi, anachititsa chipwirikiti. Komatu ananena zoona.

 8. Kodi Yehova anapatsa mwamuna ndi mkazi oyambawo chiyembekezo chotani?

⁸ Yehova Mulungu sanalenge anthu kuti azipita kumwamba akafa. Ndipotu chifuno chake choyamba sichinali chakuti anthu azifa. Adamu ndi Hava analengedwa angwiro ndipo anapatsidwa mwayi wa kudzaza dziko lapansi ndi mbadwa zolungama. (Genesis 1:28; Deuteronomo 32:4) Makolo athu oyamba anauzidwa kuti adzafa ngati sadzamvera Mulungu. (Genesis 2:17) Akanamvera Atate wawo wakumwamba, iwo akanapitiriza kukhala padziko lapansi kosatha.

 9. (a) Kodi choonadi nchiti ponena za mzimu wa munthu? (b) Kodi nchiyani chimachitikira mzimu ukafa?

⁹ Komano mwachisoni, Adamu ndi Hava analephera kumvera Mulungu. (Genesis 3:6, 7) Mtumwi Paulo anafotokoza zotsatirapo zake zoopsa kuti: “Uchimo unaloŵa m’dziko lapansi mwa munthu mmodzi, ndi imfa mwa uchimo; chotero imfa inafikira anthu onse, chifukwa kuti onse anachimwa.” (Aroma 5:12) M’malo mokhala ndi moyo kosatha padziko lapansi, Adamu ndi Hava anafa. Kenako nchiyani chinachitika? Kodi anali ndi mzimu wosafa umene tsopano unatumizidwa ku helo wamoto chifukwa cha tchimo lawo? Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, Baibulo limanena kuti pachiyambi, atalengedwa, Adamu “anakhala wamoyo.” (Genesis 2:7) Munthu sanapatsidwe mzimu wamoyo; iye anakhala mzimu wamoyo, munthu wamoyo. (1 Akorinto 15:45) Eya, si Adamu yekha amene anali “mzimu wamoyo” koma, monga momwe Chihebri chikusonyezera, chinenero chimene Genesis analembedweramo, nazonso nyama wamba zinali “mizimu yamoyo”! (Genesis 1:24, NW) Adamu ndi Hava atamwalira, iwo anakhala mizimu yakufa. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, zimene Yehova ananena kwa Adamu zinawachitikira: “M’thukuta la nkhope yako udzadya chakudya, kufikira kuti udzabwerera kunthaka: chifukwa kuti mmenemo unatengedwa: chifukwa kuti ndiwe fumbi, ndi kufumbiko udzabwerera.”​—Genesis 3:19.

10, 11. Kodi New Catholic Encyclopedia ikuvomerezanji ponena za chiphunzitso cha Baibulo chokhudza moyo, ndipo zimenezi zikufanana motani ndi zimene Baibulo limanena?

¹⁰ Kwenikweni, New Catholic Encyclopedia imavomerezana nayo mfundoyi. M’nkhani yake yakuti “Moyo (m’Baibulo),” imati: “M’Chipangano Chakale [kapena kuti m’Malemba Achihebri] mulibe za kulekana [kukhala mbali ziŵiri] kwa thupi ndi moyo.” Imawonjezera kuti m’Baibulo, mawu akuti “moyo” “samatanthauza mpang’ono pomwe moyo umene uli pawokha wolekana ndi thupi kapena ndi munthu.” Ndithudi, kaŵirikaŵiri mawuwo moyo “amatanthauza chinthu chenichenicho chamoyo kaya chikhale nyama kapena munthu.” Kuona mtima ngati kumeneku nkosangalatsa, komatu nzodabwitsa kuti opita kutchalitchi ambiri sanauzidwe choonadi chimenechi.

¹¹ Opita kutchalitchi sakanakhala ndi nkhaŵa ndi mantha alionse akanadziŵa choonadi cha m’Baibulo chosavuta kumva chakuti: “Moyo wochimwawo ndiwo udzafa,” osati kuvutika m’moto wahelo! (Ezekieli 18:4) Pamene kuli kwakuti zimenezi nzosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Dziko Lachikristu limaphunzitsa, izo zikugwirizana ndendende ndi zimene munthu wanzeruyo Solomo ananena mouziridwa kuti: “Amoyo adziŵa kuti tidzafa; koma akufa sadziŵa kanthu bi, sadzalandira mphotho [m’moyo uno]; pakuti angoiŵalika. Chilichonse dzanja lako lichipeza kuchichita, uchichite ndi mphamvu yako; pakuti mulibe ntchito ngakhale kulingirira ngakhale kudziŵa, ngakhale nzeru, kumanda ulikupitako.”​—Mlaliki 9:5, 10.

12. Kodi Dziko Lachikristu linachitenga kuti chiphunzitso chake cha mzimu wosafa?

¹² Kodi nchifukwa chiyani Dziko Lachikristu limaphunzitsa zinthu zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Baibulo limanena? Buku lotchedwa New Catholic Encyclopedia, m’nkhani yake yakuti “Mzimu, Munthu, Kusafa Kwake,” limanena kuti Abambo a Tchalitchi oyambirira sanachipeze m’Baibulo chichirikizo cha chikhulupiriro chawo chakuti mzimu sumafa, koma kwa “andakatulo ndi afilosofi ndi pamalingaliro ofala a Agiriki . . . Pambuyo pake, akatswiri a maphunziro anasankha kugwiritsira ntchito Plato kapena ziphunzitso za Aristotle.” Bukulo limanena kuti “ziphunzitso zoyambirira za Plato ndiponso zokonzedwanso zotchedwa Neoplatonism”​—kuphatikizapo chikhulupiriro cha mzimu wosafa​—m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anazitenga kukhala “zofunika kwambiri m’maphunziro a zaumulungu a Chikristu.”

13, 14. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuyembekezera kupeza chidziŵitso kuchokera kwa afilosofi achigiriki akunja nkopanda nzeru?

¹³ Kodi odzinenera kukhala Akristu anayenera kupita kwa afilosofi achigiriki kuti akaphunzire za chinthu chosavuta monga chiyembekezo cha moyo pambuyo pa imfa? Kutalitali! Pamene Paulo analembera Akristu okhala ku Korinto, Grisi, iye anati: “Nzeru ya dziko lino lapansi ili yopusa kwa Mulungu. Pakuti kwalembedwa, Iye agwira anzeru m’chenjerero lawo; ndiponso Ambuye azindikira zolingirira za anzeru, kuti zili zopanda pake.” (1 Akorinto 3:19, 20) Agiriki akale anali anthu olambira mafano. Choncho iwo akanakhala motani magwero a choonadi? Paulo anafunsa Akorinto kuti: “Chiphatikizo chake nchanji ndi kachisi wa Mulungu ndi wa mafano? Pakuti ife ndife kachisi wa Mulungu wamoyo; monga Mulungu anati, Ndidzakhalitsa mwa iwo, ndipo ndidzayendayenda mwa iwo; ndipo ndidzakhala Mulungu wawo, ndi iwo adzakhala anthu anga.”​—2 Akorinto 6:16.

¹⁴ Poyamba, mavumbulutso a choonadi chopatulika anali kuperekedwa kudzera mwa mtundu wa Israyeli. (Aroma 3:1, 2) Chaka cha 33 C.E. chitapita, iwo anali kuperekedwa kudzera mwa mpingo wachikristu wodzozedwa wa m’zaka za zana loyamba. Paulo, ponena za Akristu a m’zaka za zana loyamba, anati: “Kwa ife Mulungu anationetsera [zinthu zokonzedwera amene amamkonda] mwa Mzimu.” (1 Akorinto 2:10; onaninso Chivumbulutso 1:1, 2.) Chiphunzitso cha Dziko Lachikristu cha mzimu wosafa chinachokera ku filosofi yachigiriki. Sichinaperekedwe mwa mavumbulutso a Mulungu kwa Aisrayeli kapena kudzera mwa mpingo wa m’zaka za zana loyamba wa Akristu odzozedwa.

Chiyembekezo Chenicheni cha Akufa

15. Malinga nkunena kwa Yesu, kodi chiyembekezo chenicheni cha akufa nchotani?

¹⁵ Ngati mzimu umafa, kodi chiyembekezo chenicheni cha akufa nchiyani? Inde, nchiukiriro, chiphunzitso chofunika kwambiri cha m’Baibulo ndiponso lonjezo losangalatsadi la Mulungu. Yesu anapereka chiyembekezo cha chiukiriro pamene anati kwa bwenzi lake Marita: “Ine ndine kuuka ndi moyo: wokhulupirira Ine, angakhale amwalira, adzakhala ndi moyo.” (Yohane 11:25) Kukhulupirira Yesu kumatanthauza kukhulupirira chiukiriro, osati kukhulupirira za mzimu wosafa.

16. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kukhulupirira chiukiriro nkwanzeru?

¹⁶ Poyamba, Yesu anali atalankhula za chiukiriro pamene anati kwa Ayuda ena: “Musazizwe ndi ichi, kuti ikudza nthaŵi, imene onse ali m’manda adzamva mawu ake, nadzatulukira.” (Yohane 5:28, 29) Zimene Yesu akufotokoza pano nzosiyana kotheratu ndi za mzimu umene sumafa thupi litafa ndipo umene umapita kumwamba. Iye akufotokoza za ‘kutulukira’ kwa mtsogolo kwa anthu amene akhala m’manda, ambiri kwa zaka mazana ambiri kapena ngakhalenso zaka zikwi zambiri. Ndiko kukhalanso ndi moyo kwa mizimu yakufa. Zosatheka? Osati kwa Mulungu “amene apatsa akufa moyo, ndi kuitana zinthu zoti palibe, monga ngati zilipo.” (Aroma 4:17) Okayikira anganyodole lingaliro lakuti anthu adzabweranso kuchokera kwa akufa, koma ilo nlogwirizana kotheratu ndi choonadi chakuti “Mulungu ndiye chikondi” ndi kuti iye ndiye “wobwezera mphotho iwo akumfuna Iye.”​—1 Yohane 4:16; Ahebri 11:6.

17. Kodi Mulungu adzakwaniritsanji mwa chiukiriro?

¹⁷ Ndipotu kodi Mulungu akanawafupa motani anthu amene anali “okhulupirika kufikira imfa” ngati sakanawapatsanso moyo? (Chivumbulutso 2:10) Chiukiriro chidzatheketsanso Mulungu kukwaniritsa zimene mtumwi Yohane analemba kuti: “Kukachita ichi Mwana wa Mulungu adaonekera, ndiko kuti akawononge ntchito za Mdyerekezi.” (1 Yohane 3:8) Kumbuyoko m’munda wa Edene, Satana anakhala wakupha wa fuko lonse la anthu pamene analoŵetsa makolo athu oyamba mu uchimo ndi imfa. (Genesis 3:1-6; Yohane 8:44) Yesu anayamba kuwononga ntchito za Satana pamene anapereka moyo wake wangwiro monga dipo lolingana, lotsegula njira ya mtundu wa anthu kuti amasulidwe ku uchimo wa choloŵa wochititsidwa ndi kunyalanyaza kwa Adamu. (Aroma 5:18) Kuukitsidwa kwa anthu omwalira chifukwa cha uchimo wa Adamu kudzakhala kuwononganso ntchito za Mdyerekezi.

Thupi Ndiponso Moyo

18. Kodi afilosofi ena achigiriki anatani ndi mawu a Paulo akuti Yesu anaukitsidwa, ndipo nchifukwa ninji?

¹⁸ Pamene mtumwi Paulo anali ku Atene, analalikira uthenga wabwino kwa gulu la anthu kuphatikizapo afilosofi ena achigiriki. Iwo anamvetsera nkhani yake yonena za Mulungu mmodzi woona ndi pempho lake lakuti alape. Koma kodi nchiyani chinachitika kenako? Paulo anamaliza nkhani yake, nati: “[Mulungu] anapangira tsiku limene adzaweruza dziko lokhalamo anthu m’chilungamo, ndi munthu amene anamuikiratu; napatsa anthu onse chitsimikizo, pamene anamuukitsa iye kwa akufa.” Mawu amenewo anachititsa phokoso. “Pamene anamva za kuuka kwa akufa ena anaseka pwepwete.” (Machitidwe 17:22-32) Katswiri wamaphunziro a zaumulungu Oscar Cullmann anati: “Kwa Agiriki amene ankakhulupirira za mzimu wosafa ziyenera kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kukhulupirira ulaliki wachikristuwo wa kuukitsidwa kwa akufa kuposa mmene zinalili kwa ena. . . . Chiphunzitso cha afilosofi otchukawo Socrates ndi Plato sichikugwirizana mpang’ono pomwe ndi chiphunzitso cha m’Chipangano Chatsopano.”

19. Kodi akatswiri a maphunziro a zaumulungu a m’Dziko Lachikristu anayesetsa motani kugwirizanitsa chiphunzitso cha chiukiriro ndi chiphunzitso cha mzimu wosafa?

¹⁹ Ngakhale zili motero, mpatuko waukuluwo utayamba atumwi onse atafa, akatswiri a maphunziro a zaumulungu analimbikira kuti agwirizanitse chiphunzitso chachikristu cha chiukiriro ndi chikhulupiriro cha Plato cha mzimu wosafa. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ena anavomerezana pamafotokozedwe achilendo kwambiri: Paimfa, mzimu umalekanitsidwa (“kumasulidwa,” monga momwe ena amanenera) ndi thupi. Ndiyeno, malinga nkunena kwa Outlines of the Doctrine of the Resurrection (Mafotokozedwe a Chiphunzitso cha Chiukiriro), yolembedwa ndi R. J. Cooke, pa Tsiku la Chiweruzo “thupi lililonse lidzagwirizanitsidwanso ndi mzimu wake, ndiponso mzimu uliwonse ndi thupi lake.” Kugwirizanitsidwa kwamtsogolo kwa thupi ndi mzimu wake wosafawo nkumene amati chiukiriro.

20, 21. Kodi ndani amene nthaŵi zonse akhala akuphunzitsa choonadi ponena za chiukiriro, ndipo kodi zimenezi zawapindulitsa motani?

²⁰ Malingaliro ameneŵa adakali chiphunzitso chovomerezedwa cha matchalitchi aakulu. Pamene kuli kwakuti malingaliro ameneŵa angaoneke ngati anzeru kwa katswiri wa maphunziro a zaumulungu, opita ku tchalitchi ambiri sakuwadziŵa. Iwo amangokhulupirira kuti akamwalira adzangopita kumwamba. Pachifukwa chimenechi, m’kope la pa May 5, 1995, la Commonweal, wolemba John Garvey anati: “Chikhulupiriro cha Akristu ambiri [pankhani ya moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa] chikuoneka kuti nchogwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a Neoplatonism ndipo osati ndi zilizonse zachikristudi, ndiponso chikhulupirirocho si cha m’Baibulo.” Ndithudi, mwa kusinthanitsa Baibulo ndi Plato, atsogoleri achipembedzo a m’Dziko Lachikristu anafafanizira anthu awo chiyembekezo cha m’Baibulo cha chiukiriro.

²¹ Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, Mboni za Yehova zimakana mafilosofi achikunja ndipo zimamamatira ku chiphunzitso cha m’Baibulo cha chiukiriro. Izo zimaona kuti chiphunzitso chimenechi ncholimbikitsa, chokhutiritsa, ndiponso chotonthoza. M’nkhani zotsatira, tidzaona mmene chiphunzitso cha m’Baibulo chililidi ndi maziko enieni ndi mmene chilili chanzeru, kwa amene ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala padziko lapansi ndi awo oyembekezera kukaukitsidwira kumoyo wakumwamba. Kuti mukonzekere kuphunzira nkhanizi, tikukupemphani kuti muŵerenge mosamalitsa chaputala 15 cha kalata yoyamba yopita kwa Akorinto.

Kodi Mukukumbukira?

◻ Kodi nchifukwa ninji tiyenera kukulitsa chidaliro cholimba pachiukiriro?

◻ Kodi Yehova anapatsa Adamu ndi Hava chiyembekezo chotani?

◻ Kodi nchifukwa ninji sikwanzeru kufunafuna choonadi m’filosofi yachigiriki?

◻ Kodi nchifukwa ninji chiyembekezo cha chiukiriro chili chanzeru?

[Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Makolo athu oyamba atachimwa anataya chiyembekezo cha moyo wosatha padziko lapansi

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Akatswiri a maphunziro a tchalitchi anasonkhezeredwa ndi chikhulupiriro cha Plato cha mzimu wosafa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Musei, Capitolini, Roma