Mutu 33

Kuweruza Hule la Makhalidwe Oipa

Masomphenya 11—Chivumbulutso 17:1-18

Nkhani yake: Babulo Wamkulu wakwera pachilombo chofiira kwambiri chomwe pamapeto pake chidzamutembenukire n’kumudya

Nthawi ya kukwaniritsidwa kwake: Kuyambira mu 1919 mpaka pa chisautso chachikulu

 1. Kodi mmodzi wa angelo 7 aja anamuuza chiyani Yohane?

MKWIYO wolungama wa Yehova uyenera kukhuthulidwa wonse, wokwana mbale 7. Mngelo wa 6 anakhuthula mbale yake pamalo pamene panali mzinda wakale wa Babulo. Moyenerera, zimenezi zinatanthauza kuti miliri idzakhuthulidwa pa Babulo Wamkulu pa nthawi imene zochitika za padzikoli zizidzasonyeza kuti nthawi ya nkhondo yomaliza ya Aramagedo ikuyandikira. (Chivumbulutso 16:1, 12, 16) Mosakayikira, mngelo yemweyu ndi amene tsopano akuulula chifukwa chimene Yehova adzaperekere ziweruzo zake zolungama, komanso momwe adzachitire zimenezi. Yohane anadabwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zotsatira zimene anamva ndi kuona. Iye anati: “Mmodzi wa angelo 7 amene anali ndi mbale 7 aja, anabwera n’kundiuza kuti: ‘Bwera, ndikuonetsa chiweruzo cha hule lalikulu lokhala pamadzi ambiri, limene mafumu a dziko lapansi anachita nalo dama, ndipo linaledzeretsa anthu okhala padziko lapansi ndi vinyo wa dama lake.’”—Chivumbulutso 17:1, 2.

 2. Kodi pali umboni wotani wosonyeza kuti “hule lalikulu” lija (a) silikuimira ufumu wakale wa Roma? (b) silikuimira mabizinezi akuluakulu a m’dzikoli? (c) ndi gulu lachipembedzo?

² N’chifukwa chiyani mkazi amene Yohane anaona, ali ndi dzina loipa kwambiri lakuti “hule lalikulu”? Kodi iye ndani? Anthu ena amanena kuti hule lophiphiritsali likuimira ufumu wakale wa Roma. Koma ufumu wa Roma unali wandale. Huleli linachita dama ndi mafumu a padziko lapansi, ndipo zikuoneka kuti ena mwa mafumu amenewa anali a ku Roma. Komanso, Baibulo limafotokoza kuti mkaziyu atawonongedwa, “mafumu a dziko lapansi” anamulira. Choncho iye sangakhale ulamuliro wandale. (Chivumbulutso 18:9, 10) Komanso, popeza anthu amalonda a m’dzikoli anamuliranso, iye sangakhale akuimira mabizinezi akuluakulu a m’dzikoli. (Chivumbulutso 18:15, 16) Koma timawerenga kuti ‘mitundu yonse ya anthu inasocheretsedwa ndi zochita zake zamizimu.’ (Chivumbulutso 18:23) Mfundo imeneyi ikusonyeza bwino kuti hule lalikululi liyenera kukhala gulu lachipembedzo lapadziko lonse.

 3. (a) Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani hule lalikulu lija likuimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri kuposa Tchalitchi cha Katolika kapenanso Matchalitchi Achikhristu onse? (b) Kodi zipembedzo zambiri za ku Asia ndiponso Matchalitchi Achikhristu ambiri amaphunzitsa ziphunzitso zotani zachibabulo? (c) Kodi kadinala wina wa Katolika, dzina lake John Henry Newman, anavomereza mfundo yotani yokhudza komwe kunachokera ziphunzitso ndi miyambo yambiri ya Matchalitchi Achikhristu? (Onani mawu a m’munsi.)

³ Koma kodi gulu lachipembedzo lake ndi liti? Kodi iye akuimira Tchalitchi cha Katolika, monga mmene anthu ena amaganizira? Kapena kodi akuimira Matchalitchi Achikhristu onse? Ayi. Iye ayenera kukhala gulu lalikulu kuposa pamenepa kuti athe kusocheretsa mitundu yonse ya anthu. Choncho iye akuimira zipembedzo zonyenga zonse pamodzi. Mfundo yakuti zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi zili ndi ziphunzitso ndiponso miyambo yachibabulo, ikusonyeza kuti gulu limeneli linayambira ku Babulo, komwe kunali ziphunzitso zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa. Mwachitsanzo, zipembedzo zambiri za ku Asia ndiponso Matchalitchi Achikhristu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti munthu ali ndi mzimu umene suufa. Amakhulupiriranso kuti oipa amakapsa kumoto, ndiponso kuti pali milungu itatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi. Chipembedzo chonyenga, chimene chinayamba zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo mumzinda wakale wa Babulo, chakula n’kukhala gulu loipa kwambiri lamasiku ano limene moyenerera, limatchedwa Babulo Wamkulu.a Koma n’chifukwa chiyani Babulo Wamkulu ali ndi dzina lonyansa kwambiri lakuti “hule lalikulu”?

 4. (a) Kodi mtundu wa Isiraeli unachita dama m’njira zotani? (b) Kodi Babulo Wamkulu wachita dama m’njira yoonekera kwambiri iti?

⁴ Ufumu wa Babulo (kapena kuti Babele, kutanthauza “Chisokonezo”) unafika pachimake pa ulemerero wake m’nthawi ya Nebukadinezara. Ufumuwu unkayendetsedwa ndi atsogoleri andale komanso achipembedzo, ndipo unali ndi akachisi ndi matchalitchi oposa 1,000. Ansembe ake anali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ngakhale kuti ufumu wa Babulo unasiya kalekale kukhala ulamuliro wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse, koma gulu lachipembedzo la Babulo Wamkulu lidakalipobe. Mofanana ndi zimene zinkachitika mu ufumu wakale wa Babulo, atsogoleri a Babulo Wamkulu amalowerera kwambiri m’ndale zamasiku ano. Koma kodi Mulungu amavomereza kuti zipembedzo zizilowerera m’ndale? Malemba Achiheberi amafotokoza kuti mtundu wa Isiraeli unachita uhule pamene unayamba kulambira milungu yonyenga ndiponso pamene unachita mapangano ndi mitundu ina m’malo modalira Yehova. (Yeremiya 3:6, 8, 9; Ezekieli 16:28-30) Babulo Wamkulu nayenso amachita dama. Zimenezi zaonekera bwino chifukwa iye wachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti akhale ndi mphamvu ndi ulamuliro pa mafumu amene akulamulira m’dzikoli.—1 Timoteyo 4:1.

 5. (a) Kodi atsogoleri a zipembedzo amachita zinthu zotani pofuna kutchuka? (b) Kodi mtima wofuna kutchuka m’dzikoli ukusemphana bwanji ndi mawu amene Yesu Khristu ananena?

⁵ Masiku ano, atsogoleri a zipembedzo nthawi zambiri amachita kampeni kuti asankhidwe pa maudindo akuluakulu m’boma. M’mayiko ena, iwo amakhaladi ndi maudindo m’boma, ndipo ena mpaka amakhala nduna za boma. Mu 1988, abusa awiri odziwika bwino a matchalitchi achipulotesitanti anaima nawo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti wa dziko la United States. Atsogoleri a Babulo Wamkulu amakonda kwambiri kutchuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amajambulidwa m’manyuzipepala ndi m’zofalitsa zina, ali limodzi ndi anthu andale otchuka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Yesu ankakana kulowerera m’ndale, ndipo ponena za ophunzira ake, iye anati: “Iwo sali mbali ya dziko, monganso ine sindili mbali ya dziko.”—Yohane 6:15; 17:16; Mateyu 4:8-10; onaninso Yakobo 4:4.

‘Uhule’ Wamasiku Ano

6, 7. (a) Kodi chipani cha Hitler cha Nazi chinalowa bwanji m’boma ku Germany? (b) Kodi pangano limene atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican anapanga ndi boma la Germany lolamulidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi, linathandiza bwanji Hitler pa cholinga chake chofuna kukhala wolamulira wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse?

⁶ Chifukwa cholowerera m’ndale, hule lalikululi labweretsa chisoni chachikulu kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zimene zinachititsa kuti Hitler akhale wolamulira ku Germany, zimene ndi zinthu zoipa kwambiri zomwe anthu ena angakonde kuzifafaniza m’mabuku a mbiri yakale. Mu May 1924, chipani cha Nazi chinali ndi mipando 32 m’nyumba ya malamulo ya ku Germany. Pofika mu May 1928, mipando imene chipanichi chinali nayo inali itachepa mpaka kufika pa 12 basi. Koma mu 1930, chuma chapadziko lonse chinalowa pansi kwambiri ndipo chipani cha Nazi chinapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi. Choncho pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika ku Germany mu July 1932, chipanichi chinawina kwambiri ndipo chinapeza mipando 230 pa mipando 608 ya m’nyumba ya malamulo. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, Franz von Papen, amene kale anali wolamulira wa dziko la Germany komanso amene anapatsidwa udindo wapadera ndi papa, anayamba kuthandiza chipani cha Nazi. Olemba mbiri amati von Papen ankafuna kupanga Ufumu Wopatulika Wachiroma watsopano. Pa nthawi yochepa imene iye anali wolamulira wa dziko la Germany, zinthu sizinamuyendere bwino, ndipo tsopano ankafuna kupezanso mphamvu kudzera m’chipani cha Nazi. Pofika mu January 1933, iye anali atanyengerera eni mafakitale akuluakulu a ku Germany kuti akhale kumbali ya Hitler, ndipo pogwiritsira ntchito njira zachinyengo iye anathandiza Hitler kukhala wolamulira wa dziko la Germany pa January 30, 1933. Von Papen anaikidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa wolamulira, ndipo Hitler anamugwiritsira ntchito kuti akope Akatolika a ku Germany kuti akhale kumbali yake. Patangotha miyezi iwiri Hitler atakhala wolamulira, anathetsa nyumba ya malamulo, anagwira atsogoleri otsutsa boma masauzande ambirimbiri n’kuwaika m’ndende zozunzirako anthu, ndipo anayamba kuzunza Ayuda mochita kuonetsera.

⁷ Pa July 20, 1933, atsogoleri a tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Vatican anaonetsera poyera kuti ankasangalala ndi mphamvu zimene chipani cha Nazi chinali nazo. Pa tsiku limeneli, Kadinala Pacelli (amene kenako anadzakhala Papa Pius wa 12), anasaina pangano la pakati pa atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican ndi dziko la Germany lolamulidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi. Iye anasaina panganoli ku Roma. Von Papen anasaina panganoli monga nthumwi ya Hitler, ndipo atatero Pacelli anamupatsa ulemu wapadera kwambiri wochokera kwa papa [Grand Cross of the Order of Pius].b Pofotokoza nkhani imeneyi, Tibor Koeves analemba m’buku lake kuti: “Panganoli linamuthandiza kwambiri Hitler. Linali umboni woyamba wosonyeza kuti anthu enanso kunja kwa dziko lake anali kumbali yake, ndipo umboni umenewu unachokera kwa munthu waudindo wapamwamba kwambiri.” (Satan in Top Hat) M’panganoli anagwirizana zoti atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican asiye kuthandiza chipani cha Katolika cha ku Germany (Catholic Center Party). Zimenezi zinasonyeza kuti akuluakulu a tchalitchi cha Katolika akuvomereza ulamuliro wa Hitler wa chipani chimodzi.c Komanso, mfundo ya nambala 14 ya m’panganoli inanena kuti: “Munthu asanasankhidwe kukhala mtsogoleri wa mabishopu, bishopu, ndi maudindo ena ngati amenewa, m’pofunika kuti bwanamkubwa, amene azisankhidwa ndi wolamulira wa dziko, aziona kaye kuti munthuyo alibe zokayikitsa zilizonse pa nkhani za ndale.” Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1933 (chimene Papa Pius wa 11 anachitcha “Chaka Chopatulika”), Hitler, podziwa kuti atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican anali kumbali yake ndiponso ankamuthandiza, anapitiriza kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chake chofuna kukhala wolamulira wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse.

8, 9. (a) Kodi akuluakulu a Katolika ku Vatican komanso Tchalitchi cha Katolika pamodzi ndi atsogoleri ake, anachita chiyani pamene chipani cha Nazi chinkachitira anthu nkhanza? (b) Kodi mabishopu a Katolika a ku Germany analemba chiyani m’kalata yawo kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse? (c) Kodi mgwirizano wa pakati pa atsogoleri a ndale ndi a zipembedzo wachititsa chiyani?

⁸ Ansembe ndi masisitere ochepa anatsutsa nkhanza zimene Hitler ankachita, ndipo anazunzidwa chifukwa chochita zimenezi. Koma atsogoleri a Katolika ku Vatican komanso Tchalitchi cha Katolika pamodzi ndi atsogoleri ake onse ambirimbiri anasonyeza kuti akugwirizana ndi zochita zankhanza za chipani cha Nazi, kaya mochita kuonetsera kapena mwakabisira. Iwo ankagwirizana ndi chipanichi chifukwa ankachiona ngati chida chotchinjiriza kuti chikomyunizimu chisafalikire padziko lonse. Papa Pius wa 12 anangokhala phee! ku Vatican osanenapo chilichonse pamene Ayuda osawerengeka ankaphedwa ndiponso pamene Mboni za Yehova ndi anthu ena ankazunzidwa mwankhanza. Choncho n’zodabwitsa kuti Papa Yohane Paulo Wachiwiri, atapita ku Germany mu May 1987, anatamanda kwambiri zimene wansembe mmodzi yekha wamtima wabwino anachita potsutsa chipani cha Nazi. Kodi ansembe ena masauzande ambirimbiri a ku Germany ankatani pa nthawi yaulamuliro wankhanza wa Hitler? Kalata imene mabishopu a Katolika a ku Germany analemba mu September 1939 kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ikutithandiza kupeza yankho la funso limeneli. Mwa zina, kalatayi inati: “Pa nthawi yovuta ino, tikulimbikitsa asilikali athu achikatolika kuti amvere mtsogoleri wathu ndipo akhale okonzeka kudzipereka ndi mtima wonse. Tikupempha Akhristu athu okhulupirika kuti azipemphera mochokera pansi pa mtima kuti Mulungu atidalitse ndi kutithandiza kuti tipambane pa nkhondo imeneyi.”

⁹ Zimene Akatolika ankachitazi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha uhule umene zipembedzo zakhala zikuchita pa zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazi. Zipembedzozi zakhala zikunyengerera maboma a ndale n’cholinga chopititsa patsogolo zolinga zawo, komanso kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu. Mgwirizano umenewu wa atsogoleri a ndale ndi a zipembedzo wachititsa kuti pakhale nkhondo komanso kuti anthu ambiri azizunzidwa ndi kuvutika. Koma anthu ayenera kusangalala chifukwa Yehova watsala pang’ono kupereka chiweruzo chake kwa hule lalikululi. Ndithu, tikufunitsitsa kuti chiweruzochi chibwere mwamsanga.

Wakhala Pamadzi Ambiri

10. Kodi ‘madzi ambiri’ amene Babulo Wamkulu amadalira kuti azimuteteza akuimira chiyani, ndipo chikuwachitikira n’chiyani?

¹⁰ Mzinda wakale wa Babulo unakhala pamadzi ambiri, omwe anali mtsinje wa Firate komanso ngalande zake zambiri. Madzi amenewa ankateteza mzindawu komanso ankaubweretsera chuma kudzera m’malonda, kufikira pamene anauma usiku umodzi wokha. (Yeremiya 50:38; 51:9, 12, 13) Babulo Wamkulu nayenso amadalira ‘madzi ambiri’ kuti azimuteteza ndi kumulemeretsa. Madzi ophiphiritsawa “akuimira mitundu ya anthu, makamu, mayiko, ndi zinenero,” kutanthauza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amene iye akuwalamulira ndiponso amene amamubweretsera chuma. Koma madzi amenewa nawonso akuuma, kapena kuti ayamba kusiya kumuthandiza.—Chivumbulutso 17:15; yerekezerani ndi Salimo 18:4; Yesaya 8:7.

11. (a) Kodi ufumu wakale wa Babulo ‘unaledzeretsa bwanji dziko lonse lapansi’? (b) Kodi Babulo Wamkulu ‘waledzeretsa bwanji dziko lonse lapansi’?

¹¹ Komanso Baibulo limafotokoza kuti Babulo wakale ‘anakhala kapu yagolide m’dzanja la Yehova ndipo analedzeretsa dziko lonse lapansi.’ (Yeremiya 51:7) Ufumu wakale wa Babulo unakakamiza mitundu yomwe inali pafupi nawo kuti imwe mkwiyo wa Yehova. Unachita zimenezi pamene ufumuwo unagonjetsa mitunduyo pa nkhondo, n’kuichititsa kukhala yofooka ngati anthu oledzera. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ufumuwo unali chida chimene Yehova anagwiritsira ntchito. Nayenso Babulo Wamkulu wagonjetsa anthu, ndipo wakhala ufumu wapadziko lonse. Koma iye si chida chimene Mulungu akugwiritsira ntchito. M’malomwake, iye akutumikira “mafumu a dziko lapansi,” omwe wachita nawo dama lauzimu. Iye wakhutiritsa mafumu amenewa pogwiritsa ntchito ziphunzitso zake zonama ndiponso miyambo imene yaika mu ukapolo anthu ambirimbiri “okhala padziko lapansi.” Zimenezi zawachititsa kukhala ofooka ngati anthu oledzera, omangomvera zilizonse zimene atsogoleri awo akuwauza.

12. (a) Kodi chipembedzo china cha ku Japan, chomwe ndi mbali ya Babulo Wamkulu, chinathandizira bwanji kuti magazi a anthu ambiri akhetsedwe pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse? (b) Kodi ‘madzi’ omwe ankathandiza Babulo Wamkulu ku Japan anauma bwanji, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zotani?

¹² Zimene zinachitika ku Japan, komwe anthu ambiri anali achipembedzo cha Chishinto, ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha zimenezi. Chifukwa cha zimene asilikali a ku Japan anakhala akuphunzitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, iwo ankaona kuti ndi mwayi wapadera kwambiri kufera mfumu yawo, yomwe inkaonedwa ngati mulungu wamkulu wachishinto. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, asilikali a ku Japan oposa 1,500,000 anafa, ndipo pafupifupi onsewo ankaona kuti kugonjera adani awo kukanakhala chinthu chochititsa manyazi kwambiri. Koma chifukwa chakuti dziko la Japan linagonja pa nkhondoyo, Mfumu Hirohito inakakamizidwa kunena kuti iyoyo si mulungu. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti ‘madzi’ ambiri, kapena kuti anthu ambiri amene anali m’chipembedzo cha Chishinto, chomwe ndi mbali ya Babulo Wamkulu, atuluke m’chipembedzochi. Anthuwa anatuluka m’chipembedzochi chifukwa chinathandizira kuti magazi a anthu ambirimbiri akhetsedwe pa nkhondo ija, yomwe inkamenyedwa panyanja ya Pacific. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chipembedzo cha Chishinto chichepe mphamvu, ndipo zathandizira kuti m’zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu a ku Japan oposa 200,000, adzipereke kwa Yehova, Ambuye Wamkulu Koposa, n’kukhala atumiki ake obatizidwa. Ambiri mwa anthu amenewa anali Ashinto ndi Abuda.

Hulelo Lakwera Pachilombo

13. Kodi Yohane anaona zinthu zotani zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamene mngelo anamutengera kuchipululu mu mphamvu ya mzimu?

¹³ Kodi ulosiwu ukufotokozanso zotani zokhudza hule lalikulu lija ndi zinthu zomwe zidzalichitikire? Yohane akufotokoza kuti kenako anaona zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Iye anati: “Mu mphamvu ya mzimu, mngeloyo ananditengera kuchipululu. Ndipo ndinaona mkazi atakhala pachilombo chofiira kwambiri, chodzaza ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu. Chinali ndi mitu 7, ndi nyanga 10.”—Chivumbulutso 17:3.

14. N’chifukwa chiyani m’pake kuti mngelo uja anatengera Yohane kuchipululu?

¹⁴ Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani mngelo uja anatengera Yohane kuchipululu? Pofotokoza za ulosi wina wam’mbuyomu wonena za chilango chomwe chidzagwere mzinda wakale wa Babulo, Baibulo limati ulosiwu unali “uthenga wokhudza chipululu cha nyanja.” (Yesaya 21:1, 9) Ulosi umenewu unkachenjeza mzinda wa Babulo kuti udzasanduka bwinja lopanda chamoyo chilichonse, ngakhale kuti unali ndi madzi ambiri omwe anali ngati chitetezo chake. Choncho m’pomveka kuti Yohane anatengedwa m’masomphenya kupita kuchipululu kuti akaone zomwe zidzagwere Babulo Wamkulu, chifukwa nayenso adzakhala bwinja lopanda chamoyo chilichonse. (Chivumbulutso 18:19, 22, 23) Koma Yohane anadabwa kwambiri ndi zimene anaona kumeneko. Anaona kuti hule lalikululo silinali lokha, koma linakhala pachilombo chonyansa.

15. Kodi chilombo chotchulidwa pa Chivumbulutso 13:1 chikusiyana bwanji ndi chimene chatchulidwa pa Chivumbulutso 17:3?

¹⁵ Chilombo chimenechi chili ndi mitu 7 ndi nyanga 10. Kodi chilombochi n’chomwe chija chimene Yohane anaona poyamba, chomwenso chinali ndi mitu 7 ndi nyanga 10? (Chivumbulutso 13:1) Ayi, chifukwa pali kusiyana pakati pa zilombozi. Chilombo chatsopanochi n’chofiira kwambiri, ndipo mosiyana ndi chilombo choyamba chija, chilibe zisoti zachifumu panyanga zake. M’malo mokhala ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu pamitu yake 7 yokha ngati chilombo choyamba chija, chatsopanochi ndi “chodzaza ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu.” Komabe, payenera kukhala kugwirizana pakati pa chilombo chatsopanochi ndi choyamba chija, chifukwa zilombozi zikufanana m’njira zambiri.

16. Kodi chilombo chofiira kwambiri chija chikuimira chiyani, ndipo cholinga chake anati n’chiyani?

¹⁶ Choncho, kodi chilombo chatsopano chofiira kwambiri chimenechi chikuimira chiyani? Chiyenera kukhala chifaniziro cha chilombo, chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha khama la chilombo cha nyanga ziwiri ngati mwana wa nkhosa, chimene chikuimira ulamuliro wa Britain ndi United States. Chifanizirocho chitapangidwa, chilombo cha nyanga ziwiri chimenechi chinaloledwa kupereka mpweya kwa chifaniziro cha chilombocho. (Chivumbulutso 13:14, 15) Choncho apa Yohane anaona chifaniziro chimenecho chili ndi moyo. Chifanizirochi chikuimira bungwe la League of Nations, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1920 ndi chilombo cha nyanga ziwiri chija. Wilson, amene anali pulezidenti wa ku United States, ananena kuti anali ndi chikhulupiriro choti bungwe la League of Nations “lidzakhala chida chobweretsera chilungamo kwa anthu onse ndipo lidzathetseratu nkhondo mpaka kalekale.” Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, bungweli linakhazikitsidwanso ndipo linayamba kudziwika ndi dzina lakuti United Nations. Polikhazikitsa, anati cholinga chake chinali choti “libweretse bata ndi mtendere padziko lonse.”

17. (a) Kodi chilombo chophiphiritsa chofiira kwambiri chija ndi chodzaza ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu m’njira yotani? (b) Kodi ndani wakwera pachilombo chofiira kwambiri chimenechi? (c) Kodi kungoyambira pachiyambi, zipembedzo zachibabulo zagwirizana motani ndi bungwe la League of Nations komanso bungwe limene linalowa m’malo mwake?

¹⁷ Kodi chilombo chophiphiritsa chimenechi n’chodzaza ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu m’njira yotani? N’chodzaza ndi mayina onyoza Mulungu chifukwa chakuti anthu akhazikitsa fano lopangidwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana limeneli kuti lilowe m’malo mwa Ufumu wa Mulungu, ndipo akufuna kuti lichite zinthu zimene Mulungu ananena kuti Ufumu wake wokha ndi umene ungathe kuchita. (Danieli 2:44; Mateyu 12:18, 21) Koma chochititsa chidwi ndi masomphenya amene Yohane anaona n’chakuti Babulo Wamkulu wakwera pachilombo chofiira kwambiri chimenechi. Mogwirizana ndi ulosi umenewu, zipembedzo zachibabulo, makamaka Matchalitchi Achikhristu, zagwirizana kwambiri ndi bungwe la League of Nations komanso bungwe limene linalowa m’malo mwake. Kale kwambiri, pa December 18, 1918, bungwe loyang’anira matchalitchi achikhristu ku America (National Council of the Churches of Christ in America) linavomereza chigamulo chimene, mwa zina, chinanena kuti: “Sikuti bungwe la League of Nations langokhala chinthu chofunika pa ndale basi, koma ndi njira imene Ufumu wa Mulungu ukulamulirira dzikoli pogwiritsira ntchito ndale. . . . Matchalitchi akuyenera kugwirizana ndi bungwe la League of Nations, chifukwa akapanda kutero bungweli silingapite patali. . . . Mfundo zonse zimene bungweli limayendera zatengedwa m’Mauthenga Abwino. Mofanana ndi Mauthenga Abwino, cholinga chake ndi ‘kubweretsa mtendere padziko lapansi, ndi kubweretsera anthu moyo wabwino.’”

18. Kodi atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu anasonyeza bwanji kuti ankagwirizana ndi bungwe la League of Nations?

¹⁸ Pa January 2, 1919, patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala ina ya ku United States panali mutu uwu: “Papa Wachonderera Anthu Kuti Avomereze Bungwe la League of Nations Limene Wilson Wakhazikitsa.” (San Francisco Chronicle) Pa October 16, 1919, chipepala chosainidwa ndi atsogoleri 14,450 a zipembedzo zikuluzikulu chinaperekedwa kunyumba ya malamulo ya dziko la United States ndipo chinapempha nyumbayo kuti “ivomereze pangano la mtendere lomwe mayiko anagwirizana ku Paris, lomwe likuphatikizanso pangano lokhazikitsa bungwe la league of nations.” Nyumba ya malamulo ya ku United States inakana kuvomereza panganolo, koma atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu anapitirizabe kukopa anthu kuti avomereze bungwe la League of Nations. Ndiyeno, kodi chinachitika n’chiyani pa mwambo wokhazikitsa bungwelo? Nkhani imene inachokera kwa atolankhani a ku Switzerland pa November 15, 1920, inati: “Pamene akuluakulu a bungwe la League of Nations amakumana koyamba lero nthawi ya 11 koloko m’mawa, matchalitchi onse a mumzinda wa Geneva analengeza za msonkhano umenewu poliza mabelu awo.”

19. Kodi chilombo chofiira kwambiri chija chitaonekera, Akhristu odzozedwa anachita chiyani?

¹⁹ Kodi gulu la Akhristu odzozedwa, lomwe linali gulu lokhalo padziko lonse limene linkayembekezera mwachidwi kubwera kwa Ufumu wa Mesiya, linagwirizana ndi Matchalitchi Achikhristu polemekeza chilombo chofiira kwambiri chija? Ayi, silinatero. Lamlungu pa September 7, 1919, pamsonkhano wa anthu a Yehova ku Cedar Point, m’chigawo cha Ohio, panakambidwa nkhani ya onse ya mutu wakuti: “Chiyembekezo cha Anthu Amene Ali pa Mavuto.” Tsiku lotsatira, nyuzipepala ina inalemba zimene J. F. Rutherford analankhula kwa anthu pafupifupi 7,000 omwe anabwera pamsonkhanowu. Nyuzipepalayi inati iye “ananena kuti mosakayikira Ambuye agwetsera mkwiyo wake pa bungwe la League of Nations . . . chifukwa chakuti atsogoleri a zipembedzo achikatolika ndi achipulotesitanti, omwe amanena kuti ndi nthumwi za Mulungu, asiya kuphunzitsa cholinga chake ndipo avomereza bungwe la League of Nations. Iwo achita zimenezi ponena kuti bungweli ndi njira imene ufumu wa Khristu ukulamulirira dzikoli pogwiritsira ntchito ndale.”—Sandusky Star-Journal.

20. N’chifukwa chiyani kunali kunyoza Mulungu kwambiri kuti atsogoleri a zipembedzo anene kuti bungwe la League of Nations “ndi njira imene Ufumu wa Mulungu ukulamulirira dzikoli pogwiritsira ntchito ndale”?

²⁰ Poona mmene bungwe la League of Nations linalepherera mochititsa manyazi kukwaniritsa zolinga zake, atsogoleri a zipembedzo anayenera kuona kuti mabungwe ngati amenewo, opangidwa ndi anthu, sali mbali yapadziko lapansi ya Ufumu wa Mulungu. Ndipo kunena kuti mabungwewa ndi mbali ya Ufumu wa Mulungu ndi kunyoza Mulungu kwambiri. Zili ngati kunena kuti Mulungu anatenga nawo mbali popanga bungwe limeneli, lomwe linalephera mochititsa manyazi kukwaniritsa cholinga chake. Komatu Mulungu, “ntchito yake ndi yangwiro.” Ufumu wa Yehova wakumwamba wolamulidwa ndi Khristu ndiwo njira imene Mulungu adzabweretsere mtendere n’kupangitsa kuti chifuniro chake chichitike padziko lapansi pano monga mmene zilili kumwamba. Iye sangagwiritsire ntchito bungwe lopangidwa ndi andale amene amangokhalira kukangana, omwenso ambiri a iwo sakhulupirira n’komwe zoti kuli Mulungu.—Deuteronomo 32:4; Mateyu 6:10.

21. Kodi n’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti hule lalikulu lija limagwirizana ndi bungwe la United Nations, lomwe linalowa m’malo mwa bungwe la League of Nations, ndiponso kuti limaligomera?

²¹ Nanga bwanji za bungwe la United Nations, lomwe linalowa m’malo mwa bungwe la League of Nations? Kungoyambira pamene bungweli linakhazikitsidwa, hule lalikulu lija lakhala likukwera pamsana pake, ndipo limachita kuonetsera kuti limagwirizana ndi bungweli ndipo likuyesetsa kulitsogolera. Mwachitsanzo, mu June 1965, pa mwambo wokondwerera kuti bungweli latha zaka 20, nthumwi za tchalitchi cha Katolika, ndiponso cha Eastern Orthodox, limodzi ndi Apulotesitanti, Ayuda, Ahindu, Abuda, ndi Asilamu, omwe akuti onse pamodzi ankaimira anthu oposa 2 biliyoni apadziko lapansili, anasonkhana ku San Francisco posonyeza kuti amagwirizana ndi bungwe la United Nations ndiponso amaligomera kwambiri. Papa Paulo wa 6 atapita ku likulu la bungwe la United Nations mu October 1965, ananena kuti bungweli “ndi lofunika kwambiri pa mabungwe onse opangidwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana” ndipo anawonjezeranso kuti: “Anthu a padzikoli amaona kuti bungwe la United Nations ndi lokhalo lomwe lingabweretse mtendere ndi mgwirizano.” Papa Yohane Paulo Wachiwiri, amenenso anapita kulikulu la bungweli mu October 1979, polankhula kwa nthumwi za mayiko a m’bungweli anati: “Chiyembekezo changa n’chakuti bungwe la United Nations lipitiriza kukhala bungwe limene anthu angapezeko mtendere ndi chilungamo.” N’zochititsa chidwi kuti papayu sanatchule n’komwe za Yesu Khristu kapena za Ufumu wa Mulungu m’mawu ake. Pa ulendo wake wa ku United States mu September 1987, nyuzipepala ina inanena kuti “Yohane Paulo analankhula kwa nthawi yaitali za ntchito yabwino kwambiri imene bungwe la United Nations likugwira pothandiza kuti . . . ‘padziko lonse pakhalenso mgwirizano.’”—The New York Times.

Dzina Lachinsinsi

22. (a) Kodi hule lalikululo lasankha kukwera pachilombo chotani? (b) Kodi Yohane analifotokoza bwanji hule lophiphiritsa lija, lomwe ndi Babulo Wamkulu?

²² Mtumwi Yohane anali atatsala pang’ono kuzindikira kuti hule lalikulu lija lasankha kukwera pachilombo choopsa kwambiri. Koma choyamba iye anafotokoza kaye za Babulo Wamkulu, yemwe wavala zovala zamtengo wapatali, koma ndi wonyansa kwambiri. Yohane anati: “Mkaziyo anavala zovala zofiirira ndi zofiira kwambiri. Anadzikongoletsa ndi golide, ndi mwala winawake wamtengo wapatali, ndiponso ngale. M’dzanja lake, anali ndi kapu yagolide yodzaza ndi zonyansa ndi zinthu zodetsedwa zokhudzana ndi dama lake. Pamphumi pake panalembedwa dzina lachinsinsi lakuti: ‘Babulo Wamkulu, mayi wa mahule ndi wa zonyansa za padziko lapansi.’ Ndipo ndinaona kuti mkaziyo anali ataledzera ndi magazi a oyera, ndiponso magazi a mboni za Yesu.”—Chivumbulutso 17:4-6a.

23. Kodi dzina lonse la Babulo Wamkulu ndi loti chiyani, ndipo limatanthauza chiyani?

²³ Mogwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zinkakhalira kale ku Roma, dzina la huleli lili pamphumi pake.d Dzinali ndi lalitali kwambiri, lakuti: “Babulo Wamkulu, mayi wa mahule ndi wa zonyansa za padziko lapansi.” Dzinali ndi “lachinsinsi,” kutanthauza kuti lili ndi tanthauzo lobisika. Koma pa nthawi yoyenera kwa Mulungu, chinsinsicho chinaululika. Ndipo mngelo uja anauza Yohane zinthu zokwanira zothandiza atumiki a Yehova masiku ano kuzindikira tanthauzo lenileni la dzina lalitali limeneli. Tikudziwa kuti Babulo Wamkulu akuimira zipembedzo zonse zonyenga. Iye ndi “mayi wa mahule” chifukwa zipembedzo zonse zonyenga za m’dzikoli pazokhapazokha, kuphatikizapo Matchalitchi Achikhristu osiyanasiyana, zili ngati ana ake, ndipo zimamutsanzira pochita uhule wauzimu. Komanso iye ndi mayi wa “zonyansa” chifukwa chakuti anayambitsa zinthu zambiri zonyansa, monga kupembedza mafano, kukhulupirira mizimu, kulosera zam’tsogolo, kukhulupirira nyenyezi, kulosera tsogolo la munthu poyang’ana mizere ya m’chikhatho, kupha anthu n’kuwapereka nsembe, uhule wapakachisi, kuledzera polemekeza milungu yonyenga, ndi miyambo ina yonyansa.

24. N’chifukwa chiyani m’poyenera kuti Yohane anaona Babulo Wamkulu atavala “zovala zofiirira ndi zofiira kwambiri,” komanso atadzikongoletsa ndi “golide, ndi mwala winawake wamtengo wapatali, ndiponso ngale”?

²⁴ Babulo Wamkulu anavala “zovala zofiirira ndi zofiira kwambiri,” zomwe anthu a m’banja lachifumu ankavala. Komanso iye “anadzikongoletsa ndi golide, ndi mwala winawake wamtengo wapatali, ndiponso ngale.” Zimenezi n’zoyenera kwambiri tikaganizira za zinthu zimene zipembedzo za m’dzikoli zili nazo. Zipembedzozi zili ndi nyumba zokongola kwambiri, zosemasema ndi zojambulajambula zapamwamba kwambiri, zifaniziro zamtengo wapatali, zinthu zina zogwiritsira ntchito popembedza, komanso malo aakulu kwambiri ndi ndalama zochuluka zedi. Kaya tikunena za ku Vatican, kapena za bizinezi yotentha kwambiri yolalikira pa TV yomwe likulu lake lili ku United States, kapenanso za akachisi ndi matchalitchi amtengo wapatali a ku Asia, Babulo Wamkulu wadzikundikiradi chuma chambiri, ndipo nthawi zina waluzaponso chuma chambiri zedi.

25. (a) Kodi zinthu zimene zinali ‘m’kapu yagolide yodzaza ndi zonyansa,’ zikuimira chiyani? (b) Kodi hule lophiphiritsali laledzera m’njira yotani?

²⁵ Tsopano taonani zimene huleli linanyamula m’dzanja lake. Yohane ayenera kuti anangoti kukamwa yasa! ataona zimenezi, chifukwa huleli linanyamula “kapu yagolide yodzaza ndi zonyansa ndi zinthu zodetsedwa zokhudzana ndi dama lake.” M’kapu imeneyi muli “vinyo wa mkwiyo wake ndi wa dama lake,” amene waledzeretsa naye mitundu yonse ya anthu. (Chivumbulutso 14:8; 17:4) Kapuyo inkaoneka yokongola kunja kwake, koma mkati mwake munali zinthu zonyansa komanso zodetsedwa. (Yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 23:25, 26.) Munali miyambo yonse yonyansa ndiponso mabodza onse amene hule lalikululi lagwiritsira ntchito kuti linyengerere mitundu ya anthu n’cholinga choti iziyendera mfundo zake. Komanso chinthu china chonyansa kwambiri n’chakuti Yohane anaona kuti hulelo linali litathimiratu ndi magazi a atumiki a Mulungu. Ndipo kutsogoloku tidzaona kuti “mwa iye munapezeka magazi a aneneri, a oyera, ndi a onse amene anaphedwa padziko lapansi.” (Chivumbulutso 18:24) Zoonadi, huleli lili ndi mlandu waukulu zedi wa magazi.

26. Kodi pali umboni wotani wosonyeza kuti Babulo Wamkulu ali ndi mlandu wa magazi?

²⁶ Pa zaka zambirimbiri zapitazi, zipembedzo zonyenga zonse pamodzi zakhetsa magazi osaneneka. Mwachitsanzo ku Japan m’zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 1500, ansembe achibuda ankamenyana n’kumabisala muakachisi ku Kyoto, omwe anali ngati malo achitetezo. Pomenyanapo ankatchula “dzina loyera la Buda,” ndipo anaphana okhaokha mpaka magazi anayenderera m’misewu. M’zaka za m’ma 1900, atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu ankagubira limodzi ndi asilikali a mayiko awo pa nkhondo zomwe asilikaliwo ankaphana, ndipo anthu oposa 100 miliyoni anafa. Mu October 1987, Nixon, yemwe kale anali pulezidenti wa dziko la United States, anati: “Zaka za m’ma 1900 ndi zimene anthu anaphedwa kwambiri kuposa zaka zonse m’mbiri ya anthu. Anthu ambiri aphedwa pa nkhondo zomwe zamenyedwa pa zaka 100 zimenezi kuposa pa nkhondo zonse zimene zinamenyedwa chaka cha 1900 chisanafike.” Mulungu adzalanga zipembedzo za m’dzikoli chifukwa cha mbali yawo pa nkhondo zonsezi, popeza Yehova amadana ndi “manja okhetsa magazi a anthu osalakwa.” (Miyambo 6:16, 17) M’mbuyomu, Yohane anamva mawu ochokera paguwa la nsembe akufunsa kuti: “Mudzalekerera kufikira liti, Inu Ambuye Wamkulu Koposa, woyera ndi woona, osaweruza ndi kubwezera okhala padziko lapansi chifukwa cha magazi athu?” (Chivumbulutso 6:10) Babulo Wamkulu, yemwe ndi mayi wa mahule ndi wa zonyansa za padziko lapansi, adzakhudzidwa kwambiri nthawi yoti funso limeneli liyankhidwe ikadzakwana.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

M’malo moona kuti kupembedza mafano koteroko n’koyera, “Yehova Wamphamvuyonse” amalimbikitsa Akhristu kuti: “Tulukani pakati pawo, lekanani nawo, . . . musakhudze chinthu chodetsedwa.”—2 Akorinto 6:14-18.

[Bokosi patsamba 237]

Churchill Anaulula ‘Uhule’ wa Zipembedzo

Mu 1948, Winston Churchill analemba m’buku lake kuti Hitler anasankha Franz von Papen kuti akhale nduna yoimira dziko la Germany ku Vienna “n’cholinga choti akope kapena anyengerere akuluakulu a ndale a ku Austria kuti akhale kumbali yake.” Churchill anagwira mawu nduna yoimira dziko la United States ku Vienna, yomwe ponena za von Papen, inati: “Mosapita m’mbali ndiponso mopanda manyazi n’komwe . . . Papen anandiuza kuti . . . akufuna kugwiritsira ntchito mbiri yake monga Mkatolika wabwino pokopa anthu a ku Austria angati Kadinala Innitzer.”—The Gathering Storm.

Dziko la Austria litagonja ndipo asilikali a Hitler atalanda mzinda wa Vienna, Kadinala Innitzer, yemwe anali Mkatolika, analamula kuti matchalitchi onse a m’dziko la Austria apachike mbendera ya chipani cha Nazi, aziimba mabelu awo, ndiponso azipempherera Adolf Hitler pokondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 238]

Pansi pa mutu umenewu panalembedwa nkhani yotsatirayi m’manyuzipepala a NEW YORK TIMES a pa December 7, 1941 amene anasindikizidwa koyamba okha:

‘KUPEMPHERERA DZIKO LA GERMANY KUTI LIPAMBANE PA NKHONDO’

“Mabishopu a Katolika Amene Anakumana ku Fulda Anapemphera Kuti Mulungu Adalitse Asilikali ndi Kuwathandiza Kuti Apambane . . . Pamsonkhano wa mabishopu a Katolika a ku Germany womwe unachitikira ku Fulda, agwirizana kuti ayambitse pemphero lapadera ‘lopempherera kupambana pa nkhondo.’ Iwo anena kuti pempheroli liziwerengedwa poyamba ndi pomaliza mapemphero onse a m’tchalitchi. Pempheroli ndi lochonderera Mulungu kuti adalitse asilikali a ku Germany kuti apambane pa nkhondo ndiponso kuti Mulungu ateteze moyo ndi thanzi la asilikaliwo. Mabishopuwa anauzanso atsogoleri a Katolika kuti Lamlungu limodzi mwezi uliwonse, kapena kuposera pamenepa, iwo azikhala ndi mapemphero apadera okumbukira asilikali a dziko la Germany omwe ali ‘pamtunda, panyanja, ndi m’mlengalenga.’”

M’manyuzipepala ena omwe anasindikizidwa tsiku lomwelo, nkhaniyi inachotsedwamo. December 7, 1941, ndi tsiku limene dziko la Japan linakaukira asilikali a ku United States ku Pearl Harbor. Pa nkhondoyo, dziko la Japan linkagwirizana ndi dziko la Germany, lomwe linkalamulidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi.

[Bokosi patsamba 244]

“Mayina Onyoza Mulungu”

Chilombo cha nyanga ziwiri chitakhazikitsa bungwe la League of Nations pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, nthawi yomweyo atsogoleri a zipembedzo ambirimbiri amene ankagwirizana ndi chilombochi ananena zinthu zosiyanasiyana pofuna kusonyeza kuti bungweli ndi lovomerezedwa ndi Mulungu. Choncho bungwe latsopano lokhazikitsira mtendereli linadzaza ndi “mayina onyoza Mulungu.”

“Chikhristu chikhoza kuthandiza kwambiri bungwe [la league of nations], ndipo chingathandize kuti chipepala chimene anasayinapo pangano lokhazikitsira bungweli chisangokhala chipepala wamba, koma chikhale chida cha ufumu wa Mulungu.”—The Christian Century, U.S.A., June 19, 1919, tsamba 15.

“Maganizo okhazikitsa bungwe la League of Nations athandiza kuti mayiko onse ayambe kuona kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu ndi njira yobweretsera moyo wabwino padziko lonse. . . . Bungwe limeneli ndi limene Akhristu onse amapempherera akamati, ‘Ufumu wanu udze.’”—The Christian Century, U.S.A., September 25, 1919, tsamba 7.

“Simenti Yomwe Yamanga Bungwe la League of Nations Ndi Magazi a Khristu.”—Dr. Frank Crane, m’busa wachipulotesitanti wa ku U.S.A.

“Bungwe [la National Council of Congregational Churches], likugwirizana ndi pangano lokhazikitsa bungwe [la League of Nations] ndipo likuona kuti imeneyi ndi njira yokhayo imene tili nayo panopa pa ndale yothandiza kuti Mzimu wa Yesu Khristu uzigwira ntchito kwambiri m’zochita zosiyanasiyana za mitundu ya anthu.”—The Congregationalist and Advance, U.S.A., November 6, 1919, tsamba 642.

“Msonkhano uno ukulimbikitsa Akhristu onse a mpingo wa Methodist kuti avomereze ndi kupititsa patsogolo mfundo za bungwe [la League of Nations] chifukwa zikugwirizana ndi maganizo a Mulungu Atate ndiponso a ana a Mulungu a padziko lapansi pano.”—Tchalitchi cha Wesleyan Methodist, Britain.

“Tikaona zolinga ndiponso mfundo za pangano limeneli, tikuona kuti zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo yaikulu imene Yesu Khristu ankaphunzitsa, yomwe ndi Ufumu wa Mulungu ndi chilungamo chake . . . Sizikusiyana ngakhale pang’ono.”—Ulaliki wa Archbishop wa ku Canterbury pa mwambo wotsegulira msonkhano woyamba wa bungwe la League of Nations ku Geneva, pa December 3, 1922.

“Nthambi ya bungwe la League of Nations m’dziko muno ili ndi ufulu wopatulika wofanana ndi ufulu umene bungwe lililonse la amishonale othandiza anthu lili nawo, chifukwa panopa bungwe limeneli ndilo njira yabwino kwambiri imene Khristu akugwiritsira ntchito polamulira pakati pa mitundu ya anthu monga Kalonga wa mtendere.”—Dr. Garvie, m’busa wa mpingo wa Congregationalist ku Britain.

[Mapu patsamba 236]

(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)

Ziphunzitso zabodza zimene anthu amakhulupirira padziko lonse zinayambira ku Babulo

Babulo

Milungu yokhala itatuitatu

Munthu ali ndi mzimu umene suufa

Kukhulupirira mizimu, kulankhula ndi akufa

Kugwiritsira ntchito mafano polambira

Kulodzana pofuna kusangalatsa ziwanda

Kulamulidwa ndi ansembe amphamvu kwambiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 239]

Mzinda wakale wa Babulo unakhala pamadzi ambiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 239]

Hule lalikulu masiku ano lakhalanso “pamadzi ambiri”

[Chithunzi patsamba 241]

Babulo Wamkulu wakhala pachilombo choopsa

[Zithunzi patsamba 242]

Hule lauzimuli lachita dama ndi mafumu a dziko lapansi

[Zithunzi patsamba 245]

Mkaziyo ‘waledzera ndi magazi a oyera’