Chipembedzo Chonyenga Chikupita ku Chiwonongeko Chake!

KUTI tidziŵe ngati zipembedzo za dzikoli zili pafupi kutha, tiyeni tipende umodzi wa maulosi a Baibulo ochititsa chidwi koposa. Umanena za mkazi wophiphiritsira wachinsinsi wofotokozedwa m’buku lomaliza la Baibulo, Chivumbulutso.

Kodi mungathe kuona m’maganizo mkazi amene walamulira mitundu monga mfumukazi, kukhudza moyo wa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri m’mbiri yonse—mkazi wolemera wovala zambambande za chibakuwa ndi mlangali, wokometsedwa mochititsa kaso ndi golidi, miyala ya mtengo wake, ndi ngale? Pamphumi pake palembedwa dzina lalitali, chinsinsi: “Babulo Waukulu [“Babulo Wamkulu,” NW], amayi wa achigololo ndi wa zonyansitsa za dziko.” Iyeyo mosakayikitsa akudziŵika ndi moyo wake wachiwerewere wopulupudza, pokhala atachita “chigololo” ndi olamulira a dziko. Machimo ake aunjikana kufikira kumwamba. Wakwera pachilombo cholusa chofiiritsa cha nyanga khumi ndi mitu isanu ndi iŵiri.—Chivumbulutso 17:1-6; 18:5.

Ngati mungaone mkazi ameneyu m’maganizo, ndiye kuti mukumdziŵa munthu wapadera m’chochitika cha ulosi chimene mtumwi wa Yesu, Yohane, anaona m’masomphenya opatsidwa kwa iye mwa mngelo. Akuchifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m’Chivumbulutso machaputala 17 ndi 18. Taŵerengani machaputala ameneŵa m’Baibulo lanu. Mudzakhoza kutsatira zochitika zotsatizana kuyambira kuvumbula mkazi wachinsinsi ameneyu kudziŵa amene iye ali kufikira mapeto ake a imfa.

Kudziŵa Mkazi Wachigololo

Njira yomdziŵira ndiyo zinthu ziŵiri zimene mfumukazi yachigololoyo yakhalapo mophiphiritsira. Pa Chivumbulutso 17:18, akutchedwa “mudzi waukulu, wakuchita ufumu pa mafumu a dziko.” Zimenezi zimamlola kuti akhale pa “madzi ambiri,” kutanthauza “anthu, ndi makamu, ndi mitundu, ndi manenedwe,” malinga ndi zimene Chivumbulutso 17:1, 15 chikusonyeza. Malinga ndi vesi 3 m’chaputala chimodzimodzi, iye akuonedwanso atakhala pa chilombo cha mitu isanu ndi iŵiri—zilombo zikumagwiritsiridwa ntchito nthaŵi zambiri m’Baibulo monga zizindikiro za maulamuliro andale a dziko, kapena magulu.

Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mkazi wachigololoyo, Babulo Wamkulu, amaimira ufumu wokwezeka, umene umalamulira maulamuliro ena ndi anthu awo. Umenewu ungakhale ufumu wa zipembedzo zonyenga za dzikoli basi.

Chisonkhezero cha atsogoleri achipembedzo pa nkhani zaboma ndi ndale ili nkhani yodziŵika kwambiri m’mbiri. The World Book Encyclopedia imati: “Ufumu wa Roma Wakumadzulo utagwa [m’zaka za zana la 5], papa anali ndi ulamuliro waukulu kuposa munthu aliyense mu Ulaya. . . . Papa anali ndi ulamuliro wandale ndi wauzimu. Mu 800, Papa Leo III analonga wolamulira wachifulanki Charlemagne [Charles the Great] kukhala mfumu ya Aroma. . . . Leo III anali atakhazikitsa ulamuliro wa papa wa kupatsa mfumu mphamvu yolamulira nayo mwalamulo.”

Ulamuliro umene Tchalitchi cha Katolika ndi “akalonga” ake anali nawo pa olamulira unasonyezedwanso ndi kadinala Thomas Wolsey (1475?-1530). Amafotokozedwa kuti anali “munthu wamphamvu koposa ku England zaka zambiri.” Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Henry VIII, iye “posapita nthaŵi anali kulamulira pa nkhani zonse za boma. . . . Anakhala mu ulemerero wachifumu nakhutira ndi mphamvu yake.” Nkhaniyo mu insaikulopediya imapitiriza kuti: “Kadinala Wolsey anagwiritsira ntchito maluso ake aakulu monga nduna ndi woyang’anira makamaka posamalira nkhani zakunja za England kaamba ka Henry VIII.”

Chitsanzonso china chapadera cha ulamuliro wachikatolika pankhani zadziko za boma chinali cha Kadinala Richelieu wa ku France (1585-1642), amene “pazaka zoposa 18 . . . anali wolamuliradi wa France.” Buku logwidwa mawu poyambapo likuti: “Anali wotsimikiza mtima kuti apeze zimene anali kufuna ndipo posapita nthaŵi analakalaka udindo wapamwamba.” Anapatsidwa ukadinala mu 1622 “ndipo posapita nthaŵi anakhala wosonkhezera kwambiri m’boma la France.” Zikuchita ngati kuti anali mwamuna wakhama, pakuti “iye mwini anatsogolera gulu la nkhondo lachifumu pankhondo ya ku La Rochelle.” Nkhaniyo ikuwonjezera kuti: “Zimene Richelieu anafuna koposa zinali nkhani zakunja.”

Kupitiriza kudziloŵetsa m’maulamuliro andale kwa Vatican kukuonekera bwino m’zilengezo zosatha m’pepala la Vatican la L’Osservatore Romano zonena za akazembe akunja obweretsa zikalata zawo kwa papa wokwezeka. Malinga ndi umboni, Vatican ali ndi bungwe la Akatolika okhulupirika amene amadziŵitsa papa za zochitika zandale ndi maunansi awo padziko lonse.

Pangaperekedwe zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza chisonkhezero champhamvu cha atsogoleri achipembedzo—mkati ndi kunja komwe kwa Dziko Lachikristu—m’nkhani zandale za dzikoli. Kukhala kwa mkazi wachigololo wophiphiritsirayo pa “madzi ambiri” onse (oimira “anthu, ndi makamu, ndi mitundu”) ndi pa chilombo (choimira maulamuliro onse andale) kumasonyezanso kuti mtundu wa chisonkhezero chake pa anthu, mitundu, ndi maulamuliro uli wosiyana ndiponso wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ulamuliro wa ndale. Tiyeni tiupende mtundu umenewo.

Mbali ya dzina lalitali lokhala pamphumi pake inali “Babulo Wamkulu.” Imanena za Babulo wakale, wokhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo ndi Nimrode amene anali “wotsutsana ndi Yehova,” Mulungu woona. (Genesis 10:8-10, NW) Kukhala kwake ndi dzinali kumasonyeza kuti iye ali chithunzi chachikulu cha Babulo wakale, wokhala ndi mbali zofanana. Mbali zanji? Babulo wakale anadzaza chipembedzo chachinsinsi, miyambo yoluluzika, kulambira mafano, matsenga, kupenda nyenyezi, ndi kukhulupirira malodza—zonse zimene zimatsutsidwa ndi Mawu a Yehova.

The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology imanena kuti m’zaka za zana la 18 B.C.E., Marduk anakhala “mulungu wa mzinda wa Babulo, chotero anakhala mkulu wa milungu pafupifupi 1300 ya Asumeriya ndi Aakadi. Iye anachititsa miyambo yonse yachipembedzo kukhala yogwirizana. . . . Mu Gen. 11:1-9 kamangidwe ka kachisi wamkulu wa Babulo kamafotokozedwa moipa kukhala umboni wa kunyada kwa anthu ofuna kulanda miyamba.”

Chotero, Babulo wakale anali likulu la chipembedzo chonyenga, chimene m’kupita kwa nthaŵi chinafalikira padziko lonse. Machitachita achipembedzo achibabulo, ziphunzitso, miyambo, ndi zizindikiro zake zadzaza mbali zonse za dziko lapansi ndipo zimasonyezedwa ndi msokonezo wa zipembedzo zikwi zambiri za dziko. Maufumu andale abuka ndi kugwa, koma chipembedzo chachibabulo chapitiriza kukhalako kuposa onsewo.

Nchifukwa Ninji Chiwonongeko Chake Chili Pafupi Kwambiri?

Monga momwe kwafotokozedwera nthaŵi zambiri m’makope akumbuyoku a magazini ano, ulosi wa Baibulo ndi zochitika zogwedeza dziko kuyambira 1914 zimasonyezadi kuti tsopano tili mu “mathedwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano.” (Mateyu 24:3) Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mapeto a dongosolo la dziko lauchinyama ali pafupi kwambiri, monganso mapeto a “chilombo chofiiritsa” cha nyanga khumi, chimene mkazi wachigololo wakwerapo tsopano. (Chivumbulutso 17:3) Mwachionekere chilombo chimenechi chimaimira mgwirizano wa ndale wa pafupifupi mitundu yonse padziko lapansi—United Nations. Mapeto oloseredwawo amatanthauza kufafanizidwa kwa ulamuliro wandale pa anthu wopanda umulungu ndi wogaŵanitsa. Nanga bwanji za mfumukazi yachigololoyo yokwera pa chilombocho?

Mngelo wa Mulungu akufotokoza: “Nyanga khumi udaziona, ndi chilombo, izi zidzadana ndi mkazi wachigololoyo, nizidzamkhalitsa wabwinja wausiŵa, nizidzadya nyama yake, nizidzampsereza ndi moto. Pakuti Mulungu anapatsa kumtima kwawo kuchita za m’mtima mwake, ndi kuchita cha mtima umodzi ndi kupatsa ufumu wawo kwa chilombo, kufikira akwaniridwa mawu a Mulungu.”—Chivumbulutso 17:16, 17.

Chotero ulosiwo ukusonyeza kuti kutatsala pang’ono kuti chilombo chandale chiwonongedwe, chidzayamba kudana ndi wochikwerayo ndi kumtembenukira. Chifukwa ninji? Olamulira ndi maboma mwachionekere adzaganiza kuti mphamvu yawo ndi ulamuliro wawo zikusokonezedwa ndi zipembedzo zolinganizidwa zogwira ntchito pakati pawo. Mwadzidzidzi, atasonkhezeredwa ndi mphamvu yaikulu, iwo adzachita za “m’mtima” wa Mulungu, chosankha chake, mwa kupereka chiweruzo chake pa ufumu wa dziko lonse wa chipembedzo chonyenga wachigololo ndi wokhatamira ndi mwazi.a—Yerekezerani ndi Yeremiya 7:8-11, 34.

Mapeto a zipembedzo zonyenga za dzikoli adzafika pamene izo zikuoneka kukhala zamphamvu ndi zosonkhezera. Inde, ulosiwo ukusonyeza kuti mkazi wachigololoyo atakhala pafupi kwambiri kuwonongedwa, adzakhala akunenabe mumtima mwake kuti: “Ndikhala ine mfumu, wosati wamasiye ine, wosaona maliro konse ine.” (Chivumbulutso 18:7) Komabe, chiwonongeko chake chidzafika modzidzimutsa anthu ake mabiliyoni ambiri. Chidzakhala chimodzi cha zochitika zosayembekezereka koposa ndi zatsoka m’mbiri ya munthu.

Chiyambire kukhalapo kwa Babulo wakale, zipembedzo zonyenga zakhala ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa anthu mwa atsogoleri ake ndi ozichirikiza; ziphunzitso zake, miyambo, ndi zochita zake; nyumba zake zambiri zazikulu zolambiriramo; ndi chuma chake chodabwitsa. Izo sizidzazimiririka popanda ena kuona. Chifukwa chake, mngelo wopatsidwa ntchito yopereka uthenga wa chiweruzo pa mkazi wachigololoyo sakubisa mawu polengeza kuti: “Miliri yake idzadza m’tsiku limodzi, imfa, ndi maliro, ndi njala; ndipo udzapserera ndi moto; chifukwa Ambuye Mulungu wouweruza ndiye wolimba.” Chotero mapeto a Babulo Wamkulu adzadza ngati mphezi yosayembekezereka ndi kupita mofulumira, monga ngati “tsiku limodzi.”—Chivumbulutso 18:8; Yesaya 47:8, 9, 11.

Mawu olimba a mngeloyo akubutsa funso lakuti, Kodi padzakhala chipembedzo chilichonse chotsala, ngati chidzakhalapo, nchiti ndipo chifukwa ninji? Kodi ulosi ukusonyezanji? Zimenezi zidzafotokozedwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Liwongo la Mwazi la Dziko Lachikristu mu Afirika

Pa Chivumbulutso 18:24, Baibulo limati m’Babulo Wamkulu muli mwazi wa “onse amene anaphedwa padziko.” Talingalirani za nkhondo zimene zamenyedwa chifukwa cha kusiyana zipembedzo ndi chifukwa cha kulephera kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo kuzipeŵa. Chitsanzo cha posachedwa cha zimenezi chinaoneka pa kupululutsana kwa mafuko m’Rwanda, pamene anthu pafupifupi 500,000 anaphedwa—limodzi la magawo atatu a iwo anali ana.

Mlembi wa ku Canada Hugh McCullum akuti kuchokera ku Rwanda: “Wansembe wachihutu m’Kigali [Rwanda] akuti kulephera kwa tchalitchi kupereka chitsogozo cha makhalidwe nkovuta kumvetsa. Kukhalapo kwa mabishopu m’Rwanda kukanathandiza kwambiri. Iwo anadziŵa kale kwambiri za tsoka linali kudzalo kuphanako kusanayambe. Maguwa a tchalitchi akanapereka mpata wakuti anthu pafupifupi onse amve uthenga wamphamvu umene ukanaletsa kupululutsana kwa mafuko. M’malo mwake, atsogoleriwo anakhala chete.”

Pambuyo pa kuphana koipitsitsa mu 1994, Justin Hakizimana, mkulu wa tchalitchi, anati pamsonkhano waung’ono umene unachitikira m’tchalitchi cha Presbyterian ku Kigali: “Tchalitchi chinagwirizana ndi ndale za Habyarimana [pulezidenti wa Rwanda]. Sitinatsutse zimene zinali kuchitika chifukwa chokhala ndi maganizo opotoka. Matchalitchi athu, makamaka Akatolika, sanatsutse kuphana kumeneko.”

Aaron Mugemera, pasitala wa tchalitchi, anati pamsonkhano wina ku Rwanda pambuyo pa kupululutsana kwa mafuko: “Tchalitchi chili ndi manyazi. . . . Takhala tikuphana muno kuyambira 1959. Palibe amene anatsutsa zimenezo. . . . Sitinanenepo kanthu chifukwa tinali kuwopa, ndipo chifukwa tinali kupeza bwino.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

“Mkazi wachigololo” ameneyu akusonkhezera dziko lonse

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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