NKHANI YA PACHIKUTO | NKHONDO YOMWE INASINTHA DZIKO LONSE

Kodi Ndani Amachititsa Nkhondo Komanso Mavuto Ena Padzikoli?

Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inatha pa November 11, 1918. Anthu anasiya ntchito zawo n’kumavina m’misewu chifukwa chosangalala. Koma chisangalalo chimenechi sichinakhalitse chifukwa pasanapite nthawi, kunagwanso vuto lina lalikulu kwambiri kuposa nkhondoyo.

Mliri wa chimfine choopsa unali utayambika kumalo omenyera nkhondo a ku France mu June 1918. Anthu ambiri anayamba kufa ndi mliriwu. Mwachitsanzo m’miyezi yochepa yokha, mliriwu unapha asilikali a ku America amene anali ku France ambiri zedi kuposa anthu amene anaphedwa pa nkhondoyo. Asilikali amene anabwerera kwawo nkhondoyi itatha, anali ndi matendawa ndipo izi zinapangitsa kuti matendawa afalikire m’mayiko ambiri m’kanthawi kochepa.

Komanso nkhondoyi itatha, m’mayiko ambiri munali njala ndi mavuto azachuma. Mwachitsanzo patapita zaka zingapo nkhondoyi itatha, anthu a m’mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ankavutikabe ndi njala. Pomafika mu 1923, ndalama ya ku German inali itatheratu mphamvu. Patangotha zaka 6, chuma cha padziko lonse chinalowa pansi kwambiri. Mu 1939, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika ndipo nkhondoyi inangokhala ngati ikupitiriza nkhondo yoyamba ija. Kodi n’chiyani chinapangitsa mavuto onsewa?

CHIZINDIKIRO CHA MASIKU OTSIRIZA

Maulosi a m’Baibulo amatithandiza kudziwa chimene chinapangitsa mavutowa, makamaka nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Yesu Khristu ananeneratu za nthawi pamene “mtundu udzaukirana ndi mtundu wina.” Ananenanso kuti kudzakhala njala komanso miliri yambiri. (Mateyu 24:3, 7; Luka 21:10, 11) Iye anauza ophunzira ake kuti mavuto amenewa adzakhala chizindikiro cha masiku otsiriza. Zambiri zafotokozedwa m’buku la Chivumbulutso, lomwe limasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa mavuto a padzikoli ndi nkhondo imene inachitika kumwamba.—Onani bokosi lakuti “Nkhondo Yapadziko Lapansi Ndiponso Nkhondo Yakumwamba.”

Buku la Chivumbulutso limatchulanso za anthu 4 okwera pamahatchi. Atatu a anthu amenewa akuimira nkhondo, njala komanso miliri zimene Yesu analosera zija. (Onani bokosi lakuti, “Kodi Ulosi wa Okwera Pamahatchi 4 Ukukwaniritsidwadi?”) Choncho n’zodziwikiratu kuti mavuto amene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inayambitsa akupitirirabe. Ndipotu Baibulo limasonyeza kuti Satana ndi amene anapangitsa kuti nkhondo imeneyi ichitike. (1 Yohane 5:19) Kodi iye adzapitirizabe kuyambitsa mavuto padzikoli?

Buku la m’Baibulo la Chivumbulutso limatiuza kuti Satana “wangotsala ndi kanthawi kochepa.” (Chivumbulutso 12:12) N’chifukwa chake Satana ndi wokwiya kwambiri ndipo akubweretsa mavuto osaneneka padzikoli. Choncho mavuto amene akuchitika padzikoli ndi umboninso wakuti Satana watsala ndi nthawi yochepa.

NTCHITO ZA MDYEREKEZI ZIWONONGEDWA POSACHEDWAPA

Ndithudi nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inasintha zinthu kwambiri padzikoli. Inachititsa kuti mayiko ambiri amenye nkhondo, anthu aukire maboma awo komanso kuti anthu asiye kukhulupirira atsogoleri awo. Komanso nkhondoyi ndi umboni wakuti Satana anathamangitsidwa kumwamba. (Chivumbulutso 12:9) Wolamulira wosaoneka wa dziko ameneyu, anachita zinthu ngati wolamulira wolusa amene akudziwa kuti nthawi yake yoti alamulire yatsala pang’ono kutha. Nthawi yakeyo ikadzatha, mavuto onse amene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inabweretsa adzatha.

Maulosi a m’Baibulo angakuthandizeni kukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa Yesu Khristu, yemwe ndi Mfumu ya kumwamba, ‘adzawononga ntchito za Mdyerekezi.’ (1 Yohane 3:8) Pali anthu ambiri amene amapemphera kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu ubwere. Kodi inunso mumapemphera kuti Ufumuwu ubwere? Ufumu umenewu ndi umene udzathandize kuti chifuniro cha Mulungu, osati cha Satana, chichitike padzikoli. (Mateyu 6:9, 10) Ufumu wa Mulungu ukamadzalamulira padzikoli, sipadzachitikanso nkhondo ya padziko lonse, kapena nkhondo iliyonse. (Salimo 46:9) Tikukupemphani kuti muphunzire zambiri zokhudza Ufumu umenewu kuti mudzakhalepo pamene uzidzalamulira. Pa nthawi imeneyo padziko lonse padzakhala mtendere.—Yesaya 9:6, 7.

Nkhondo Yapadziko Lapansi Ndiponso Nkhondo Yakumwamba

Zaka pafupifupi 1,900 nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse isanayambe, Satana anauza Yesu kuti amupatsa “maufumu onse a padziko.” (Mateyu 4:8, 9) Yesu anakana mayesero amenewa, ndipo patapita nthawi ananena kuti Satana ndi “wolamulira wa dziko.” (Yohane 14:30) Komanso mtumwi Yohane analemba kuti “dziko lonse lili m’manja mwa woipayo.”—1 Yohane 5:19.

Popeza Satana ndiye akulamulira dzikoli, kodi si zomveka kunena kuti iye ndi amene anachititsa kuti nkhondo ya padziko lonse ichitike komanso mavuto amene anabwera chifukwa cha nkhondoyi? Mpake kuti buku la Chivumbulutso limasonyeza kuti Satana ndi amene anayambitsa mavuto amene akhala akuchitika padzikoli kuchokera mu 1914. Taonani zinthu zina zimene buku la Chivumbulutso chaputala 12 limanena zokhudza zimene zinachitika.

Vesi 7 Panali nkhondo pakati pa Mikayeli (Yesu Khristu) ndi chinjoka (Satana).
Vesi 9 Mdyerekezi, “amene akusocheretsa dziko lonse lapansi kumene kuli anthu,” anaponyedwa padziko lapansi.
Vesi 12 “Tsoka dziko lapansi ndi nyanja, chifukwa Mdyerekezi watsikira kwa inu, ndipo ali ndi mkwiyo waukulu podziwa kuti wangotsala ndi kanthawi kochepa.”

Zimene Baibulo limanena komanso zimene zakhala zikuchitika padzikoli, zikusonyeza kuti nkhondo yakumwambayi inachitika mu 1914, Ufumu wa Mulungu utangokhazikitsidwa kumene.a Choncho chaka chimenechi, chomwe ndi chimene nkhondo yapadziko lonse inayamba, ndi chimenenso nkhondo yakumwamba inachitika.

a Werengani mutu 8 wa buku lakuti, Kodi Baibulo Limaphunzitsa Chiyani Kwenikweni? lofalitsidwa ndi Mboni za Yehova.

Kodi Ulosi wa Okwera Pamahatchi 4 Ukukwaniritsidwadi?

Hatchi yoyera, yomwe wokwerapo wake ndi mfumu yakumwamba. Mfumu Yesu Khristu ndiye wokwera pahatchi woimira chilungamo. (Salimo 45:4) Ntchito yake yoyamba inali kuchotsa Satana ndi ziwanda zake kumwamba.—Chivumbulutso 6:2; 12:9.

Hatchi yofiira ngati moto, yomwe wokwerapo wake “analoledwa kuchotsa mtendere padziko lapansi.” (Chivumbulutso 6:4) Kungoyambira 1914, nkhondo zakhala zikusautsa anthu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Patangotha zaka 21 kuchokera pamene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inatha, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika ndipo inapha anthu ambiri kuposa amene anafa pa nkhondo yoyamba ija. Ena amati nkhondoyi inapha anthu oposa 60 miliyoni. Kuchokera mu 1945, m’mayiko ambiri mwakhala mukuchitika nkhondo zoopsa kwambiri. Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amanena kuti anthu oposa 100 miliyoni anafa chifukwa cha nkhondo m’zaka za m’ma 1900.

Hatchi yakuda, yomwe wokwerapo wake ali ndi sikelo yosonyeza kuti kudzakhala njala. (Chivumbulutso 6:5, 6) Pamene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inkachitika, anthu oposa 750,000 anafa ku Germany, asilikali atatseka misewu. Ku Russia anthu oposa 2 miliyoni anafanso chifukwa cha njala mu 1921, ndipo kenako zoterezi zinayamba kuchitikanso m’mayiko ambiri. Anthu onse amene anafa ndi njala m’zaka za m’ma 1900, ndi oposa 70 miliyoni. Komanso chaka chilichonse ana oposa 3 miliyoni osakwana zaka 5, amafa chifukwa cha matenda amene amabwera chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m’thupi.

Hatchi yotuwa, yomwe wokwerapo wake amabweretsa imfa pogwiritsa ntchito miliri yoopsa. (Chivumbulutso 6:8) Mliri woyamba woopsa kwambiri m’zaka za m’ma 1900 unali chimfine cha ku Spain. Ziwerengero za anthu amene anafa ndi mliriwu zimasiyanasiyana, koma ena amati unapha anthu aposa 50 miliyoni. Buku lina linanena kuti: “Mliri umenewu ndi umene unali woopsa kwambiri pa miliri yonse. Ngakhale mliri wa matenda womwe ankafalitsidwa ndi makoswe sunaphe anthu ambiri m’kanthawi kochepa ngati mmene unachitira mliriwu.” (Man and Microbes) Matenda enanso amene anapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri m’zaka za m’ma 1900 ndi nthomba, TB komanso malungo.