Helo​—Chizunzo Chosatha Kapena Manda a Onse?

KODI munauzidwapo kuti Abambo a Tchalitchi oyambirira, akatswiri azaumulungu a m’zaka zapakati, ndi Okonzanso ananenetsa kuti zizunzo za mu helo zili zosatha? Ngati nditero, mungadabwe kudziŵa kuti akatswiri ena omveka a Baibulo tsopano akukaikira lingalirolo. M’Briteni, mmodzi wa iwo, John R. W. Stott, akulemba kuti “Malemba amasonya ku chiwonongeko, ndi kuti ‘chizunzo chosatha cha munthu wamoyo’ ndicho mwambo umene uyenera kugonjera ku ulamuliro wapamwamba wa Malemba.”​—Essentials​—A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue.

Kodi nchiyani chinamchititsa kunena kuti chizunzo chosatha sichili chozikidwa pa Baibulo?

Phunziro la Chinenero

Chigomeko chake choyamba chimaloŵetsamo chinenero. Iye akufotokoza kuti pamene Baibulo linena za mkhalidwe womalizira wa chilango (“Gehena”; onani bokosi, patsamba 8), kaŵirikaŵiri limagwiritsira ntchito mawu okhudza “chiwonongeko,” “mneni [Wachigiriki] apollumi (kuwononga) ndi dzinalo apòleia (chiwonongeko).” Kodi mawuwa amanena za chizunzo? Stott akusonyeza kuti pamene mneniyo ali mumkhalidwe wa active (wosonyeza wochita) ndi transitive (wokhala ndi chinthu chochitiridwa kanthu kena), “apollumi” amatanthauza “kupha.” (Mateyu 2:13; 12:14; 21:41) Chotero, pa Mateyu 10:28, pamene King James Version imatchula kuwononga kwa Mulungu “zonse ziŵiri moyo ndi thupi m’helo,” lingaliro lachibadwa ndilo kuwononga mu imfa, osati chizunzo chosatha. Pa Mateyu 7:13, 14, Yesu akusiyanitsa ‘njira . . . yochepetsetsa yakumuka nayo kumoyo’ ndi ‘njira . . . yotakata yakumuka nayo kukuwonongeka.’ Stott akupereka ndemanga kuti: “Chotero, kungakhale kodabwitsa ngati anthu onenedwa kukhala owonongedwa sali owonongedwa konse.” Moyenerera iye akugamula motere: “Ngati kupha kuli kumana thupi moyo, helo angawoneke kukhala kulimana zonse ziŵiri moyo wakuthupi ndi wauzimu, ndiko kuti, kusakhalako kwa munthu.”​—Essentials, masamba 315-16.

Kutanthauzira Malongosoledwe a Moto Wahelo

Komabe, anthu achipembedzo ambiri amavomerezana ndi prezidenti wa Southern Baptist Convention Morris H. Chapman, amene anati: “Ndimalalikira za helo weniweni.” Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Baibulo limamutcha ‘nyanja yamoto,’ ndipo sindiganiza kuti malongosoledwe amenewo angapose pamenepo.”

Ndithudi, moto wophiphiritsira wogwiritsidwa ntchito m’Baibulo ungachititse ena kukhala ndi chithunzi cha chizunzo. Komabe, buku la Essentials limati: “Mosakaikira chili chifukwa chakuti tonsefe tinamvapo ululu waukulu wakutenthedwa, chimene chimatichititsa kuti tigwirizanitse m’maganizo mwathu moto ndi ‘chizunzo cha munthu wamoyo’. Koma ntchito yaikulu ya moto sindiyo kuchititsa ululu, koma kudzetsa chiwonongeko, monga momwe ng’anjo zonse m’dziko zimachitira umboni.” (Tsamba 316) Kukumbukira kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneko kudzakuthandizani kupeŵa kupeza tanthauzo limene mulibiretu m’Malemba. Nazi zitsanzo:

Ponena za awo oponyedwa m’Gehena, Yesu ananena kuti “mphutsi yawo siikufa, ndi moto suzimidwa.” (Marko 9:47, 48) Posonkhezeredwa ndi mawu a m’buku la apocrypha la Judith (“Iye adzatumiza moto ndi mphutsi m’matupi awo ndipo adzalira ndi ululu waukulu ku umuyaya wonse.”​—Judith 16:17, The Jerusalem Bible), mabuku ena opereka ndemanga pa Baibulo amaumirira kuti mawu a Yesu amatanthauza chizunzo chosatha. Komabe, buku la apocrypha la Judith, pokhala losauziridwa ndi Mulungu, siliri konse muyezo wopezera tanthauzo la zolembedwa za Marko. Yesaya 66:24, lemba limene mwachiwonekere Yesu anasonyako, limanena kuti moto ndi mphutsi zikuwononga matupi akufa (“mitembo,” amatero Yesaya) a adani a Mulungu. Mulibe lingaliro lililonse lachizunzo chosatha cha munthu wamoyo kaya m’mawu a Yesaya kapena a Yesu. Moto wophiphiritsira umaimira chiwonongeko chosatha.

Chivumbulutso 14:9-11 chimalankhula za ena amene “adzazunzika ndi moto ndi sulfure . . . ndipo utsi wakuzunza kwawo ukwera kunthaŵi za nthaŵi.”a Kodi izi zimatsimikizira chizunzo chosatha cha munthu wamoyo m’moto wahelo? Kwenikweni, zokha zimene vesili likunena nzakuti oipa akuzunzika, osati kuti akuzunzika kosatha. Lembalo likufotokoza kuti utsi​—umene uli umboni wakuti panali moto umene wachita ntchito yake yakuwononga​—ndiwo umene upitiriza kosatha, osati chizunzo chamoto.

Chivumbulutso 20:10-15 chimanena kuti mu “nyanja yamoto ndi sulfure, . . . adzazunzidwa usana ndi usiku ku nthaŵi za nthaŵi.” Pakuŵerenga koyamba, izi zingamveke monga umboni wa chizunzo cha munthu wamoyo m’moto, koma sizili choncho ayi. Chifukwa ninji? Pakati pa zifukwa zina, “chilombocho ndi mneneri wonyengayo” ndi “imfa ndi Hade” zidzaponyedwa m’chimene panopa chikutchedwa “nyanja yamoto.” Monga momwe munganenere mosavuta, chilombo, mneneri wonyenga, imfa, ndi Hade sizili anthu konse; chotero, sizingazunzike monga zinthu zamoyo. Mmalomwake, G. B. Caird analemba mu A Commentary on the Revelation of St. John the Divine kuti, “nyanja yamoto” imatanthauza “kuzimiririka ndi kusakhalako konse.” Chidziŵitso chimenechi chiyenera kupezedwa mosavuta, chifukwa Baibulo lenilenilo limafotokoza za nyanja ya moto imeneyi kuti: “Ndiyo imfa yachiŵiri, ndiyo nyanja yamoto.”​—Chivumbulutso 20:14.

Kulekanitsa Ziphunzitso Ziŵiri Zogwirizana za Maphunziro Azaumulungu

Mosasamala kanthu za zigomeko zimenezi, okhulupirira ambiri amaumirira kuti “chiwonongeko” sichimatanthauza zimene liwulo limanena koma kuti chimatanthauza chizunzo chosatha. Chifukwa ninji? Malingaliro awo ngopotozedwa ndi chiphunzitso china chachipembedzo chogwirizana ndi moto wahelo​—chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo wa munthu. Ndipo popeza kuti tchalitchi chawo chingakhale chitachilikiza ziphunzitso ziŵiri zimenezi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, iwo angalingalire kuti malemba amene amalankhula za chiwonongeko kwenikweni amatanthauza chizunzo chosatha. Ndiiko komwe, moyo wa munthu wosakhoza kufawo sungasiye kukhalako​—ambiri amalingalira motero.

Koma tawonani mfundo yonenedwa ndi mtsogoleri wachipembedzo cha Anglican Philip E. Hughes: “Kuumirira kuti moyo wa munthu wokha ndiwo umene uli wosakhoza kufa mwachibadwa ndiko kuumirira lingaliro limene silikuvomerezedwa kulikonse m’chiphunzitso cha m’Malemba, popeza kuti m’malongosoledwe a Baibulo munthu nthaŵi zonse amawonedwa kukhala wopangidwa kwakukulukulu ndi zonse ziŵiri mzimu ndi thupi. . . . Chenjezo la Mulungu pachiyambi, lonena za mtengo woletsedwa lakuti, ‘M’tsiku limene udzadya umenewo udzafa,’ linaperekedwa kwa mwamuna monga cholengedwa chopangidwa ndi thupi ndi mzimu​—ngati akaudya, akafa monga wotero. Palibe lingaliro lililonse lakuti mbali yake ina inali yosafa ndi kuti kufa kwake kukakhala kwa mbali imodzi yokha.”​—The True Image​—The Origin and Destiny of Man in Christ.

Mofananamo, katswiri wazaumulungu Clark Pinnock akunena kuti: “Lingaliro limeneli [lakuti moyo wa munthu ngwosakhoza kufa] lasonkhezera maphunziro azaumulungu kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwambiri, koma siliri la m’Baibulo. Baibulo silimaphunzitsa kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo kwachibadwa.” Ezekieli 18:4, 20 ndi Mateyu 10:28 amatsimikizira zimenezi. Ndiponso, Yesu mwiniyo analankhula za bwenzi lake Lazaro kukhala ‘akupuma,’ kapena kugona. Yesu ananena kuti anali kupita “kukamuukitsa iye tulo take.” (Yohane 11:11-14) Chotero munthu, kapena moyo waumunthu, Lazaro anali atafa, koma ngakhale pambuyo pakupita kwanthaŵi, akaukitsidwa, kubwezeretsedwanso kumoyo. Maumboni amatsimikizira zimenezo. Yesu anaukitsa Lazaro kwa akufa.​—Yohane 11:17-44.

Kodi ndimotani mmene mfundo zimenezi zimayambukirira chiphunzitso cha chizunzo chosatha? Kalelo m’zaka za zana la 17, wolemba nkhani William Temple anati: “Pali [malemba] amene amalankhula za kuponyedwa m’moto wosazima. Koma ngati tiwaŵerenga popanda lingaliro lakuti chimene chikuponyedwamo nchosawonongeka, tidzapeza lingaliro, osati lakuti chidzatenthedwa kosatha, koma lakuti chidzawonongedwa.” Malongosoledwe olondola amenewo akali owona, pakuti ndizimene Baibulo limaphunzitsadi.

Mosakanika, inu muli ndi zifukwa zamphamvu za kukaikira lingaliro la chizunzo chosatha cha munthu wamoyo mu helo. Kapena mwinamwake mufuna kuchita zoposa pa kukaikira ndi kutsatira uphungu wa profesa wa maphunziro azaumulungu Pinnock, amene anati: “Mpambo wonse wa zikhulupiriro zonena za helo, kuphatikizapo chizunzo chosatha, . . . uyenera kufafanizidwa pamaziko a chiphunzitso chomveka.” Inde, makhalidwe abwino, chiŵeruzo cholungama, ndipo​—chofunika koposa​—Mawu a Mulungu, Baibulo, zimakuuzani kuchitadi zimenezo.

Mukatero, mudzawona kuti mkhalidwe weniweni wa helo ulidi womveka. Mungathe kupeza chidziŵitso chothandiza pankhani imeneyi m’buku la Mungathe Kukhala ndi Moyo Kosatha m’Paradaiso pa Dziko Lapansi.b Chonde pemphani bukuli pamene mukumana ndi Mboni za Yehova. Ŵerengani mitu yakuti “Kodi Chimachitika Nchiyani pa Imfa?” “Kodi Helo Ndimalo Amtundu Wotani?” ndi “Chiukiriro​—Cha Yani, ndipo Kuti?” Mudzapeza kuti mkhalidwe weniweni wa helo suli chabe womveka komanso wopereka chiyembekezo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 8]

KUMASULIRA MAWUWO

M’nkhani ino mawu akuti “helo” ndi “moto wahelo” monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi akatswiri azaumulungu m’Chikristu Chadziko amasonya ku liwu Lachigiriki lakuti geʹen·na, limene limawonekera nthaŵi 12 mu “Chipangano Chatsopano.” (Mateyu 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Marko 9:43, 45, 47; Luka 12:5; Yakobo 3:6) Ngakhale kuti matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana a Baibulo amamasulira liwu Lachigiriki limeneli kukhala “helo,” matembenuzidwe ena amalitembenuza motsatira zilembo kukhala “Gehena.” Ndiyo “imfa yachiŵiri, ndiyo nyanja yamoto,” yoimira chiwonongeko chosatha chopezeka m’buku lomalizira la Baibulo.​—Chivumbulutso 20:14.

Ponena za mawu ena aŵiri amene nthaŵi zina amatembenuzidwa “helo,” A Dictionary of the Bible (1914), yokonzedwa ndi William Smith, imati: “Helo . . . ndiliwu limene kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo mwachisoni limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otembenuza athu kumasulira Sheol Wachihebri. Mwinamwake kukanakhala bwino kusamasulira liwu Lachihebri la Sheol, kapena kulimasulira nthaŵi zonse monga ‘manda’ kapena ‘dzenje’. . . . Mu NT [Chipangano Chatsopano], liwulo Hade, mofanana ndi Sheol, nthaŵi zina limangotanthauza ‘manda’ . . . Ndim’lingaliro limeneli limene mpambo wa zikhulupiriro umanena kuti Ambuye wathu ‘Anatsikira ku helo,’ kutanthauza mkhalidwe wamba wa akufa.”

Mosiyana ndi Gehena, imene imaimira chiwonongeko chosatha, Sheol ndi Hade zimatanthauza imfa m’manda a anthu onse, okhala ndi chiyembekezo cha kuukitsidwiranso kumoyo.​—Chivumbulutso 20:13.

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Yesu anaukitsa Lazaro ku tulo taimfa