Yehova

Tanthauzo: Dzina laumwini la Mulungu wowona yekha. Dzina lodzipatsa mwini. Yehova ndiye Mlengi ndipo, moyenerera, Mfumu Yolamulira chilengedwe chonse. “Yehova” latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Tetragrammaton Yachihebri, יהוה, imene imatanthauza kuti “Iye Achititsa Kukhala.” Zilembo zinayi Zachihebri zimenezi zaimiridwa m’zinenero zambiri ndi zilembo zakuti JHVH kapena YHWH.

Kodi dzina la Mulungu limapezeka pati m’matembenuzidwe a Baibulo amene amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala lerolino?

The New English Bible: Dzina lakuti Yehova limawonekera pa Eksodo 3:15; 6:3. Wonaninso Genesis 22:14; Eksodo 17:15; Oweruza 6:24; Ezekieli 48:35. (Koma ngati matembenuzidwe amenewa ndi ena agwiritsira ntchito “Yehova” m’malo angapo, kodi alekeranji kukhala osasinthasintha m’kuligwiritsira ntchito pamalo alionse pamene Tetragrammaton iwonekera m’malembo Achihebri?)

Revised Standard Version: Mawu amtsinde pa Eksodo 3:15 amati: “Liwu lakuti AMBUYE; litalembedwa m’masupelo a zilembo zazikulu, limaimira dzina la Mulungu, YHWH.”

Today’s English Version: Mawu amtsinde pa Eksodo 6:3 amati: “AMBUYE: . . . Pamene malembo apamanja Achihebri ali ndi Yahweh, mwa chizoloŵezi olembedwa m’masupelo kukhala Yehova, matembenuzidwe awa amagwiritsira ntchito AMBUYE wa zilembo zazikulu, mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala m’matembenuzidwe Achingelezi.”

King James Version: Dzinalo Yehova limapezeka pa Eksodo 6:3; Salmo 83:18; Yesaya 12:2; 26:4. Wonaninso Genesis 22:14; Eksodo 17:15; Oweruza 6:24.

American Standard Version: Dzina la Yehova limagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosasinthasintha m’Malemba Achihebri m’matembenuzidwe amenewa, kuyambira pa Genesis 2:4.

Douay Version: Mawu amtsinde pa Eksodo 6:3 amati: “Dzina langa ndine Adonai. Dzina, limene liri m’malemba apamanja Achihebri, ndiro dzina loyenerera kwambiri la Mulungu, limene limatanthauza kukhalako kwake kwamuyaya, wamoyo mwa iye yekha, (Eks. 3:14) limene Ayuda chifukwa cha ulemu samalitchula; koma mmalo mwake, paliponse pamene liri m’Baibulo amalitchula Adonai, limene limatanthauza Ambuye; ndipo, chifukwa chake, amaika mfundoyo kapena mavaulo, amene ali a dzina la Adonai, ku zilembo zinayi za dzina lina losatchulika, Yod, He, Vau, He. Chotero anthu ena amakono aumba dzina lakutilo Yehova, limene linali losadziŵika kwa anthu onse akale, kaya akhale Ayuda kapena Akristu; pakuti matchulidwe owona a dzinalo, amene ali m’malemba apamanja Achihebri, chifukwa cha kusagwiritsiridwa kwake ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali tsopano atayika.” (Kuli kokondweretsa kuti The Catholic Encyclopedia [1913, Vol. VIII, p. 329] imafotokoza kuti: “Yehova, dzina lenileni la Mulungu m’Chipangano Chakale; Ayuda mwaulemu analitcha, dzina labwino, dzina lalikulu, dzina lokha.”)

The Holy Bible lotembenuzidwa ndi Ronald A. Knox: Dzinalo Yahweh limapezedwa m’mawu amtsinde pa Eksodo 3:14 ndi 6:3.

The New American Bible limati: Mawu amtsinde pa Eksodo 3:14 limakonda mpangidwe wakuti “Yahweh,” koma dzinalo silimawonekera m’malemba aakulu apamanja a matembenuzidwewo. M’Kope la Saint Joseph, wonaninso zowonjezeredwa za Bukhu Lotanthauza Mawu a Baibulo pamutu wakuti “Ambuye” ndi “Yahweh.”

The Jerusalem Bible imati: Tetragrammaton yatembenuzidwa kukhala Yahweh, kuyambira pakuwonekera kwake koyambirira, pa Genesis 2:4.

New World Translation: Dzinalo Yehova limagwiritsiridwa ntchito ponse paŵiri m’Malemba Achihebri ndi Achikristu Achigiriki m’matembenuzidwe awa, limawonekera nthaŵi 7 210.

An American Translation: Pa Eksodo 3:15 ndi 6:3 dzinalo Yahweh lagwiritsiridwa ntchito, lotsatiridwa ndi “AMBUYE” m’mabokosi.

The Bible in Living English, S. T. Byington: Dzinalo Yehova limagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malemba Achihebri onse.

The ‘Holy Scriptures’ yotembenuzidwa ndi J. N. Darby: Dzinalo Yehova limawonekera m’malemba Achihebri onse, ndiponso m’mawu amtsinde ambiri m’zolembedwa zapamanja za Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki, kuyambira pa Mateyu 1:20.

The Emphatic Diaglott, ya Benjamin Wilson: Dzinalo Yehova likupezeka pa Mateyu 21:9 ndi mmalo ena 17 m’matembenuzidwe amenewa a Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki.

The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text—A New Translation, Jewish Publication Society of America, Max Margolis mkonzi wamkulu: Pa Eksodo 6:3 Tetragrammaton Yachihebri imawonekera m’lemba lapamanja Lachingelezi.

The Holy Bible lotembenuzidwa ndi Robert Young: Dzinalo Yehova limapezedwa m’Malemba Achihebri onse m’matembenuzidwe enieni.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji matembenuzidwe ambiri a Baibulo samagwiritsira ntchito dzina laumwini la Mulungu kapena kuligwiritsira ntchito kokha nthaŵi zochepa?

Mawu oyamba a Revised Standard Version amafotokoza kuti: “Kaamba ka zifukwa ziŵiri Komiti yabwerera ku kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kozoloŵereka kwambiri kwa Matembenuzidwe a King James: (1) Liwulo ‘Yehova’ silikuimira molondola mpangidwe uliwonse wa Dzina logwiritsiridwapo ntchito m’Chihebri; ndi (2) kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kulikonse kwa dzina lenileni kaamba ka mmodzi ndi Mulungu yekha, monga ngati kuti panali milungu ina imene anafunikira kulekanitsidwa nayo, kunalekedwa m’Chiyuda nyengo Yachikristu isanafike ndipo kuli kosayenerera kotheratu kaamba chikhulupiriro cha anthu onse cha Tchalitchi Chachikristu.” (Chotero lingaliro lawo la chimene chiri choyenelera ladaliridwa kukhala maziko ochotsera m’Baibulo dzina lenileni la Woliyambitsa wake Waumulungu, amene dzina lake limawonekera m’Chihebri choyambirira mwakaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri kuposa dzina lina lirilonse kapena dzina laulemu lirilonse. Iwo akuvomereza kukhala akutsatira chitsanzo cha okhulupirira Chiyuda, kwa amene Yesu anati: “Mupeputsa mawu a Mulungu chifukwa cha miyambo yanu.”—Mat. 15:6.)

Otembenuza amene analingalira kukhala ndi thayo la kuphatikiza dzina laumwini la Mulungu nthaŵi yokwanira imodzi kapena zingapo m’malemba aakulu apamanja, ngakhale kuli kwakuti samatero nthaŵi iriyonse pamene limawonekera m’Chihebri, mwachiwonekere atsatira chitsanzo cha William Tyndale, amene anaphatikiza dzina la Mulungu m’matembenuzidwe ake a Pentateuch ofalitsidwa mu 1530, motero sanalondole chizoloŵezi cha kusiyiratu dzinalo.

Kodi dzinalo Yehova linagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi olemba ouziridwa Amalemba Achikristu Achigiriki?

Jerome, m’zaka za zana lachinayi, analemba kuti: “Mateyu, amene alinso Levi, ndi amene kuchokera pa wamsonkho anadzakhala mtumwi, choyamba analemba Uthenga Wabwino wa Kristu m’Yudeya m’chinenero Chachihebri ndi zilembo kaamba ka phindu la odulidwa amene anakhulupirira.” (De viris inlustribus, chap. III) Uthenga Wabwinowu umaphatikizapo kugwira mawu kwachindunji kokwanira 11 kwa zigawo za Malemba Achihebri kumene Tetragrammaton ikupezeka. Palibe chifukwa chokhulupiririra kuti Mateyu sanagwire mawu malemba monga momwe analembedwera m’malemba apamanja Achihebri amene anagwirako mawu.

Olemba ena ouziridwa amene anathandizira zolembedwa za Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki anagwira mawu malemba mazana ambiri kuchokera ku Septuagint. Kutembenuzira m’Chigiriki Malemba Achihebri. Ambiri a malemba amenewa anaphatikizapo Tetragrammaton Yachihebri m’malemba apamanja Achigiriki enieniwo amakope oyamba a Septuagint. Mogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wa Yesu mwiniyo ponena za dzina la Atate wake, ophunzira a Yesu akakhala atasunga dzinalo m’kugwira mawu kumeneko.—Yerekezerani ndi Yohane 17:6, 26.

Mu Journal of Biblical Literature, George Howard wa ku Yunivesite ya Georgia analemba kuti: “Tidziŵa motsimikizirika kuti Ayuda olankhula Chigiriki anapitirizabe kulemba יהוה m’malemba awo Achigiriki. Kwakukulukulu, sikuli kwachiwonekere kwambiri kuti Akristu Achiyuda oyambirira olankhula Chigiriki osunga mwambo anasiyana ndi mwambo umenewu. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti m’mbali zina zosafunika kwambiri kwa Mulungu iwo mwinamwake anagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti [Mulungu] ndi [Ambuye], kukakhala kwachilendo kopambana kwa iwo kuchotsa Tetragram m’malemba abaibulo enieniwo. . . . Popeza kuti Tetragram inali chikhalirebe yolembedwa m’makope a Baibulo Lachigiriki amene anapanga Malemba a tchalitchi choyambirira, kuli kwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti olemba Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano], pogwira mawu kuchokera m’Lemba, anasunga Tetragram mkati mwa malembo apamanja abaibulo. . . . Koma pamene inachotsedwa m’Chi[pangano] Cha[kale] Chachigiriki, inachotsedwanso m’malembo ogwidwa a Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano] m’Chi[pangano] Cha[kale]. Chotero penapake chakuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana lachiŵiri kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mawu achiŵiri [amloŵa mmalo] kuyenera kukhala kutaphimba Tetragram m’Zipangano zonse ziŵiri.”—Vol. 96, No. 1, March 1977, pp. 76, 77.

Kodi ndimpangidwe uti wa dzina la Mulungu umene uli wolondola—Yehova kapena Yahweh?

Palibe munthu lerolino amene angatsimikizire mmene linali kutchulidwira poyambirirapo m’Chihebri. Kulekeranji? Poyambirira Chihebri Chabaibulo chinalembedwa ndi makonsonati okha opanda mavawulo. Pamene chinenero chinali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, mosavuta oŵerenga anali kugaŵira mavawulo oyenerera. Komabe m’kupita kwa nthaŵi Ayuda anakhala ndi lingaliro lokhulupirira malaulo lakuti kunali kolakwa kutchula dzina la Mulungu mofuula, chotero iwo anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mawu oloŵa mmalo. Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, akatswiri Achiyuda anayambitsa dongosolo la kuŵerenga limene akasonyeza nalo mavawulo ooti nkugwiritsiridwa ntchito poŵerenga Chihebri chakale, koma iwo anaika mavawulo a mawu oloŵa mmalo kuzungulila makonsonanti anayi oimira dzina laumulungulo. Chotero matchulidwe oyambirira a dzina laumulungu anataika.

Ophunzira ambiri amakonda katchulidwe kakuti “Yahweh,” koma kali kosatsimikizirika ndipo iwo sakuvomerezana pakati pawo. Kumbali ina, “Yehova” ndiwo mpangidwe wa dzina umene uli wovomerezedwa ndi ambiri, chifukwa chakuti wakhala ukugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Chingelezi kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo umatetezera, mofananamo mipangidwe ina, makonsonati anayi a Tetragrammaton Yachihebri.

J. B. Rotherham, mu The Emphasised Bible, anagwiritsira ntchito mpangidwe wakuti Yahweh m’Malemba onsewo Achihebri. Komabe, pambuyo pake m’Studies in the Psalms yake anagwiritsira ntchito mpangidwe wakuti “Yehova.” Iye anafotokoza kuti: “JEHOVAH—Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mpangidwe Wachingelezi wa dzina Losaiŵalika limeneli . . . m’matembenuzidwe amakono a bukhu la Masalmo mulibe chikaikiro chirichonse ponena za matchulidwe olondola kwambiri kukhala Yahweh; koma kokha kuchokera ku umboni wothandiza wosankhidwa mwachindunji pamaziko achikhumbo cha kukondweretsa makutu ndi maso a anthu onse m’nkhani yamtundu uwu, mu imene chinthu chachikulu chiri kuvomerezedwa kosavuta kwa dzina la Mulungu lodziŵika.”—(London, 1911), p. 29.

Pambuyo pakukambitsirana matchulidwe osiyanasiyana, profesala Wachijeremani Gustav Friedrich Oehler anati: “Kuyambira tsopano kunkabe mtsogolo ndikugwiritsira ntchito dzina lakuti Yehova, chifukwa chakuti, kwenikweni, dzinali tsopano lakhala lozoloŵereka kwambiri m’chinenero chathu, ndipo silingaloŵedwe mmalo.”—Theologie des Alten Testaments, kope lachiŵiri (Stuttgart, 1882), p. 143.

Wophunzira Wachijesuit Paul Joüon akufotokoza kuti: “M’matembenuzidwe athu, mmalo mwa mpangidwe (woyerekezeredwa) wakuti Yahweh, tagwiritsira ntchito mpangidwe wakuti Jéhovah . . . umene uli mpangidwe wovomerezedwa m’kulemba wogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Chifrenchi.”—Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique (Rome, 1923) mawu amtsinde pa p. 49.

Maina ambiri amasintha pang’ono pamene asunthidwa kuchoka m’chinenero china kunka ku chinzake. Yesu anabadwa ali Myuda, ndipo dzina lake m’Chihebri mwinamwake linali kutchulidwa kuti Ye·shuʹa‛, koma olemba ouziridwa a Malemba Achikristu sanakaikire kugwiritsira ntchito mpangidwe Wachigiriki wa dzinalo, I·e·sousʹ. M’zinenero zina zochuluka kwambiri matchulidwewo ngosiyana pang’ono, koma timagwiritsira ntchito momasuka mpangidwe umene uli wozoloŵereka m’chinenero chathu. Ziri chimodzimodzi ndi maina ena Abaibulo. Pamenepa, kodi ndimotani, mmene tingasonyezere ulemu woyenerera kwa Munthu amene ali mwini dzina lofunika koposa onse? Kodi kungakhale mwakusanena konse kapena kusalemba dzina lake chifukwa chakuti kwenikweni sitidziŵa mmene linali kutchulidwira poyambapo? Kapena, mmalo mwake, kodi kukakhala mwa kugwiritsira ntchito matchulidwe ndi masupelo amene ali ofala m’chinenero chathu, pamene titamanda Mwiniyo ndi kudzisungira ife eni monga olambira ake m’njira imene imamlemekeza?

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuli kofunika kudziŵa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito dzina lake la Mulungu?

Kodi muli ndi unansi wapafupi ndi munthu aliyense amene simumadziŵa dzina lake? Kaŵirikaŵiri kwa anthu amene Mulungu ali wopanda dzina ali kokha mphamvu yopanda moyo, saali munthu weniweni, osati munthu amene iwo amadziŵa ndi kukonda ndi amene angalankhule naye m’pemphero kuchokera pansi pa mtima. Ngati iwo apemphera, mapemphero awo amangokhala dzoma chabe, kubwerezedwa kwamwambo kozoloŵereka kwa mawu oloŵezedwa pamtima.

Akristu owona ali ndi ntchito yochokera kwa Yesu Kristu ya kupanga anthu amitundu yonse kukhala ophunzira. Pophunzitsa anthu amenewa, kodi kukakhala kotheka motani kudziŵa Mulungu wowona kukhala wosiyana ndi milungu yonama ya amitundu? Kuli kokha mwakugwiritsira ntchito dzina Lake, monga momwe Baibulo lenilenilo limachitira.—Mat. 28:19, 20; 1 Akor. 8:5, 6.

Eks. 3:15: “Mulungu ananena . . . kwa Mose, Ukatero ndi ana Israyeli, Yehova, Mulungu wamakolo anu . . . anandituma kwa inu; iri ndidzina langa nthaŵi yosatha, ichi ndichikumbukiro changa m’mibadwo mibadwo.”

Yes. 12:4: “Muyamikire Yehova, bukitsani dzina lake, mulalikire machitidwe ake mwa mitundu ya anthu, munene kuti dzina lake lakwezedwa.”

Ezek. 38:17, 23: “Atero Ambuye Yehova . . . momwemo ndidzadzikuzitsa, ndi kudzizindikiritsa woyera, ndipo ndidzadziŵika pamaso pa amitundu ambiri; motero adzadziŵa kuti ine ndine Yehova.”

Mal. 3:16: “Iwo akuwopa Yehova analankhulana wina ndi mnzake; ndipo Yehova anawatchera khutu namva, ndi bukhu lachikhumbutso linalembedwa pamaso pake, la kwa iwo akuwopa Yehova, nakumbukira dzina lake.”

Yoh. 17:26: “[Yesu anapemphera kwa Atate wake kuti:] Ndinazindikiritsa iwo [otsatira ake] dzina lanu, ndipo ndidzalizindikiritsa kuti chikondi chimene munandikonda nacho chikhale mwa iwo, ndi ine mwa iwo.”

Mac. 15:14: “Sumeoni wabwereza kuti poyamba Mulungu anayang’anira amitundu, kuti atenge mwa iwo anthu a dzina lake.”

Kodi Yehova wa mu “Chipangano Chakale” ndiye Yesu mu “Chipangano Chatsopano”?

Mat. 4:10, NW: “Yesu anati kwa iye: ‘Choka, Satana! Pakuti kwalembedwa, “Ndiye Yehova [“Ambuye,” KJ ndi ena] Mulungu wako amene uyenera kumlambira, ndipo ndi kwa iye yekha kumene uyenera kupereka utumiki wopatulika.”’” (Mwachiwonekere Yesu sanali kunena kuti iye mwiniyo anayenera kulambiridwa.)

Yoh. 8:54: “Yesu anayankha [Ayuda]: Ngati ine ndidzilemekeza ndekha, ulemerero wanga uli chabe; Atate wanga ndiye wondilemekeza ine; amene munena za iye, kuti ndiye Mulungu wanu.” (Malemba Achihebri amadziŵikitsa poyera Yehova kukhala Mulungu amene Ayuda anadzinenera kukhala akulambira. Yesu anati, sikuti iyemwini anali Yehova, koma kuti Yehova anali Atate wake. Panopa Yesu anamveketsa bwino kwambiri kuti iye ndi Atate wake anali anthu olekana.)

Sal. 110:1: “Yehova ananena kwa Ambuye wanga [wa Davide], Khalani padzanja lamanja langa, kufikira nditaika adani anu chopondapo mapazi anu.” (Pa Mateyu 22:41-45, Yesu anafotokoza kuti iye mwiniyo anali “Ambuye” wa Davide, wotchulidwa m’salmo limeneli. Chotero Yesu saali Yehova koma ndiye munthuyo amene mawu a Yehova panopa analunjikitsidwako.)

Afil. 2:9-11: “Mwa ichinso Mulungu anamkwezetsa iye [Yesu Kristu] nampatsa dzina limene liposa maina onse, kuti m’dzina la Yesu bondo lirilonse lipinde la za m’mwamba ndi za padziko ndi za pansi padziko, ndi malirime onse avomereze kuti Yesu Kristu ali Ambuye, kuchitira ulemu Mulungu Atate. [Dy imati: “ . . . lirime lirilonse liyenera kuvomereza kuti Ambuye Yesu Kristu ali muulemelero wa Mulungu ndi Atate.” Kx ndi CC ali ndi mawu ofanana, koma mawu amtsinde a Kx amavomereza kuti: “ . . . mwinamwake Chigiriki chiri kwakulukulu chotembenuzidwa moyenerera kuti ‘kuulemerero,’” ndipo NAB ndi JB amalitembenuza motero.]” (Tawonani kuti Yesu Kristu panopa akusonyezedwa kukhala wosiyana ndi Mulungu Atate ndipo ngwogonjera kwa Iye.)

Kodi ndimotani mmene munthu angakondere Yehova ngati angafunikirenso Kumuwopa?

Baibulo limatiuza kuti tiyenera ponse paŵiri kukonda Yehova (Luka 10:27) ndi kumuwopa. (1 Pet. 2:17; Miy. 1:7; 2:1-5; 16:6) Kuwopa Mulungu koyenerera kudzatipangitsa kukhala osamala kwambiri kupeŵa kuchititsa mkwiyo wake. Kukonda kwathu Yehova kudzatisonkhezera kufuna kuchita zinthu zimene zimamkondweretsa, kusonyeza chiyamikiro chathu kaamba ka kusonyeza kwake chikondi ndi kukoma mtima kwachifundo kosaŵerengeka.

Zitsanzo: Mwana moyenerera amakhala ndi mantha oyenera a kusakondweretsa atate wake, koma kuyamikira zonse zimene atate wake amamchitira kuyeneranso kusonkhezera mwanayo kusonyeza chikondi chenicheni kwa atate wake. Katswiri wosambira mwa chithandizo chamakina osambirira anganene kuti amakonda nyanja, koma kuiwopa koyenerera kumamchititsa kuzindikira kuti pali zinthu zina zimene ayenera kupeŵa kuchita. Mofananamo, kukonda kwathu Mulungu kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mantha oyenerera a kusachita kanthu kalikonse kamene kadzachititsa kuti timkwiyitse.