Utwigoro two gukuraho ubukene

ABATUNZI baramaze gukuraho ubukene, ariko bakuyeho ubwabo bwite. Utwigoro two gukura abantu bose mu bukene twamye tunanirwa. Uti kubera iki? Kubera ko muri rusangi abatunzi badashaka ko hagira umuntu n’umwe canke ikintu na kimwe kibanyaga ubutunzi n’iteka bifitiye. Wa Mwami Salomo wa Isirayeli ya kera yanditse ati: “Ehe amosozi y’abahahazwa, mugabo nta muhoza bari bafise; kandi ku ruhande rw’ababahahaza hari ububasha.”​—Umusiguzi 4:1.

Abantu bakomakomeye kandi b’abanyabubasha boba bashobora guhindura ikibano bagakuraho ubukene kw’isi? Salomo yahumekewe kwandika ati: “[Nasanze] vyose [ari] ubusa n’ukwiyahagura ukurikira umuyaga. Igihetamye ntigishobora kugororwa.” (Umusiguzi 1:14, 15) Kwihweza utwigoro two gukuraho ubukene twagizwe mu gihe ca none biravyerekana neza.

Ivyiyumviro vy’uko bose botunga bagatunganirwa

Mu kinjana ca 19, aho ibihugu bikeyi vyari vyirundanirije ubutunzi bw’akatabonetse biciye ku rudandaza n’amahinguriro, abantu bamwebamwe bakomakomeye baritwararitse koko ikibazo c’ubukene. Ubutunzi bw’isi bwoba bworushiriza kugaburwa neza ata mwana n’ikinono?

Abantu bamwebamwe wasanga biyumvira ko ivyiyumviro vy’abasosiyalisiti canke abakomunisiti vyari gushobora gutuma kw’isi yose haba ikibano aho ubutunzi bugaburwa neza ku buryo ata wusumba uwundi. Icivugo cabo kivuga ngo “Umwe wese atange ivyo ashoboye, umwe wese aronke ivyo akeneye” carashimishije abantu benshi. Mugabo ivyo vyiyumviro ntivyaguye neza abatunzi. Abantu benshi bari bizigiye ko ibihugu vyose vyokwisunze ivyo vyiyumviro vy’abasosiyalisiti maze isi ikaba ikibano c’agahore. Ibihugu bikeyi bitunze vyarisunze ivyiyumviro bimwebimwe vy’abasosiyalisiti maze birashinga inzego zijejwe gufasha abanyagihugu zasezerana kwitwararika abenegihugu bose “kuva umuntu avutse gushika apfuye.” Ivyo bihugu bivuga ko vyakuye mu bantu babibamwo bose bwa bukene bwa cane bugeramira ubuzima.

Ariko ivyiyumviro vy’abasosiyalisiti ntivyigeze bishika ku ntumbero yavyo yo gutuma haba ikibano kizira ubwikunzi. Ihangiro ry’uko abenegihugu bakora ku bw’inyungu za bose aho gukora ku bw’inyungu zabo bwite ntiryashoboye gushikwako. Abantu bamwebamwe barababajwe cane no kubona babwirizwa gufasha aboro, bavuga ko izo ntunganyo ziranga umutima mwiza zigenewe aboro zituma bamwebamwe muri bo baca bashaka kurera amaboko. Aya majambo yo muri Bibiliya yaragaragaye ko ari ay’ukuri: “[N]ta muntu w’umugororotsi ariho mw’isi aguma akora ivyiza ntacumure. . . . Imana y’ukuri abantu yabakoze bagororotse, mugabo bo birondereye imigambi myinshi.”​—Umusiguzi 7:20, 29.

Ikindi kintu abantu bari bizigiye ko cokuyeho ubukene ni iciswe Indoto y’Abanyamerika, abarota babona igihugu cabo gisigaye ari ahantu uwushaka gukora cane wese ashobora gutunga agatunganirwa. Hirya no hino kw’isi, ibihugu vyinshi vyarisunze politike zisa n’uko ari zo zatumye igihugu ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gitunga, na zo akaba ari demokarasi, uguha uwo ari we wese uburenganzira bwo gukora urudandaza n’ubwo gushinga ishirahamwe ry’ivy’urudandaza. Mugabo si ibihugu vyose vyari bishoboye kwigana neza iyo Ndoto y’Abanyamerika kuko ubutunzi bwa Amerika ya Ruguru butava gusa ku kuntu politike yayo yari itunganije. Bimwe mu bintu nyamukuru vyatuma Amerika ya Ruguru itunga ni ubutunzi kama bwayo bwinshi no kuba ishobora gushika bitagoranye ku mayira mpuzamakungu acamwo ibidandazwa. Vyongeye, ukuntu ivy’ubutunzi vyo kw’isi bitunganijwe mu buryo bwo guhiganwa ntikwatumye gusa abunguka batunga bagatunganirwa ariko kandi kwatumye abahomba batuna buratondera. Ibihugu bitunze vyoba vyoshobora kuremeshwa gufasha ibihugu bigikenye?

Wa mugambi wa Marshall bwoba bwari uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho ubukene?

Inyuma ya ya Ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, Uburaya bwari bwasinzikaye kandi benshi mu bantu baho barumva ko bageramiwe n’inzara. Intwaro ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yari irajwe ishinga no kuba Abanyaburaya benshi barakunda ivyiyumviro vy’abasosiyalisiti. Intwaro ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yaciye rero imara imyaka ine itanga amahera menshi cane kugira amahinguriro n’uburimyi binagurwe mu bihugu vyari kwemera politike yayo. Uwo mugambi wo kunagura ubutunzi bw’Abanyaburaya, uwitiriwe Marshall, wabonwa ko wabaye kirumara. Mu Buraya bwo mu Burengero, akosho ka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kariyongereye, kandi ubukene bwa cane bugeramira ubuzima bwari busigaye ari imbonekarimwe. None ubwo bwari bwo buryo bwo gukuraho ubukene kw’isi yose?

Ukuroranirwa kw’uwo mugambi witiriwe Marshall kwatumye intwaro ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iha imfashanyo ibihugu bikenye kw’isi yose, irabifasha guteza imbere uburimyi, ivy’amagara y’abantu, ivy’amashure be n’uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza. Ku bijanye n’imvo yatumye hatangwa iyo mfashanyo, igihugu ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cariyemereye ko kwari ukurondera inyungu zaco bwite. Ibindi bihugu na vyo nyene vyaragerageje kwongereza akosho kavyo mu kurungika imfashanyo mu makungu. Inyuma y’imyaka mirongo itandatu, bimaze gukoresha amahera aruta cane ayakoreshejwe muri wa mugambi witiriwe Marshall, ivyavuyemwo vyaraca intege. Ego ni ko, ibihugu bimwebimwe vyahora bikenye vyaratunze bimwe utoraba, canecane ivyo muri Aziya yo mu Buseruko. Ariko rero mu yindi mihingo, naho iyo mfashanyo yatumye abana bapfa bagabanuka kandi abana baja kw’ishure bakongerekana, ibihugu vyinshi vyari bikiri mu bukene butagira izina.

Igituma imfashanyo ziva hanze zidakuraho ubukene

Gufasha ibihugu bikenye kuva mu bukene vyabaye ibigoye kuruta gufasha ibihugu bitunze kuva mu ntambara. Uburaya bwari bumaze kugira amahinguriro, urudandaza n’uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza. Ubutunzi bwaho bwari bukeneye gusa kunagurwa. Mu bihugu bikenye, naho imfashanyo ziva hanze zatumye haboneka amabarabara, amashure n’ibitaro, abantu bari bakiri mu bukene butagira izina kubera ko ivyo bihugu bikenye bitari bifise urudandaza, ubutunzi kama kandi bikaba bitashobora gushikira amayira acamwo ibidandazwa.

Ibintu bitera ubukene hamwe n’ukuntu ubukene butuma ivyo bintu bibutera birushiriza kwunyuka birasiga ubwenge kandi ntivyoroshe gutorera umuti. Nk’akarorero, indwara iratera ubukene, ubukene na bwo bugatera indwara. Abana badafungura neza barashobora kugoyagoya ku mubiri no mu bwenge ku buryo bamaze gukura badashobora kwitwararika abana babo bwite. Vyongeye, igihe ibihugu bitunze vyomorera ibihugu bikenye ibifungurwa vyasagutse bikitwa ngo ni imfashanyo, bituma akazi k’abarimyi n’abadandaza batobato bo muri ivyo bihugu bikenye gapfa, ubukene bugaca bwiyongera. Kurungikira amahera amaleta yo mu bihugu bikenye birashobora gutuma haba izindi ngorane z’urukwegane: Imfashanyo iroroshe kunyuruza bigaca bituma haba ivyo kurya ibiturire, ibiturire na vyo bigatuma ubukene bwongerekana. Muri rusangi, imfashanyo ziva hanze zinanirwa gukuraho ubukene kubera ko zidashobora gutorera umuti ikintu nyamukuru kibutera.

Igitera ubukene

Haba ubukene butagira izina iyo ibihugu, amaleta hamwe n’abantu birondera kandi bigakingira inyungu zavyo bwite. Nk’akarorero, amaleta atunze ntashira imbere ivyo gukuraho ubukene kw’isi kubera ko yatowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi akaba rero ategerezwa kunezereza abayatoye. Ayo maleta rero arabuza abarimyi bo mu bihugu bikenye gushora ivyimburwa vyabo muri ayo maleta atunze kugira ngo abarimyi babo ntibabure isoko. Vyongeye, abategetsi bo mu bihugu bitunze baraha imfashanyo nyinshi cane abarimyi babo kugira bashore ivyimburwa vyinshi gusumba abarimyi bo mu bihugu bikenye.

Biraboneka ko igitera ubukene, ni ukuvuga agatima abantu n’amaleta bafise ko gukingira inyungu zabo bwite, gituruka ku bantu. Umwanditsi wa Bibiliya Salomo yabivuze muri aya majambo agira ati: “Umuntu yaganje uwundi mu kumugirira nabi.”​—Umusiguzi 8:9.

None hoba hariho icizigiro c’uko ubukene buzokurwaho? Hoba hariho intwaro yoshobora guhindura ukuntu abantu basanzwe bameze?

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 6]

Itegeko ryarwanya ubukene

Yehova Imana yarahaye rya hanga rya Isirayeli ya kera amategeko yobakingiye ubukene ku rugero runini cane baramutse bayakurikije. Mu gihe ca rya Tegeko rya Musa, umuryango uwo ari wo wose wararonka intoranwa y’itongo, turetse umuryango wa Lewi wakomokamwo abaherezi. Intoranwa y’umuryango yari ikingiwe kuko itongo ritashobora kugurishwa burundu. Bishitse kubera indwara, icago canke ubunebwe umuntu akagurisha itongo ryiwe, yategerezwa kurisubizwa ata co arishe mu mwaka wa Yubile. Uko haciye imyaka 50, itongo ryose ryabwirizwa gusubizwa nyeneryo canke umuryango wiwe. Nta muryango rero wogumye mu bukene uko amayaruka yogiye arakurikirana.​—Abalewi 25:10, 23.

Iyindi ntunganyo iranga imbabazi yo mw’Itegeko ry’Imana yari iyiha umuntu yaba yashikiwe n’ivyago uburenganzira bwo kwigurisha akaba umushumba. Yararonka imbere y’igihe amahera bamuguze kugira arihe amadeni yaba afise. Umwaka ugira indwi ugeze ataricungura, yabwirizwa guca ahabwa umwidegemvyo, akaronswa imbuto n’ibitungwa kugira asubire gutangura kurima. Vyongeye, umukene abwirijwe kugurana amahera, Itegeko ryarabuza Abisirayeli bagenziwe kumusaba inyungu. Iryo Tegeko kandi ryarasaba abantu kudashwabura imibari y’imirima yabo kugira ngo umukene aronke utwo atorora. Nta Mwisirayeli rero yobwirijwe gusegerereza.​—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 15:1-14; Abalewi 23:22.

Yamara, kahise karerekana ko Abisirayeli ba- mwebamwe babaye abakene. Kubera iki none ivyo vyashitse? Abisirayeli ntibagamburutse Itegeko rya Yehova. Nk’uko biri no mu bihugu vyinshi, abantu bamwebamwe baciye baba abatunzi bafise amatongo, abandi na bo baba abakene batagira n’aho bashinga urumambo. Ubukene bwadutse muri Isirayeli kubera ko abantu bamwebamwe birengagije Itegeko ry’Imana bagashira inyungu zabo bwite imbere y’iz’abandi.​—Matayo 22:37-40.